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FORENSIC HANDWRITING ANALYSIS EXPERT ARTICLE

DATE

November 16, 2023

AUTHOR

Mark Songer

PRACTICE AREAS

Police Practices & Security, Document Analysis Contact an Expert Share Article
Click for sound





4:36










 

In this article, the forensic document examiners at Robson
Forensic introduce the science of forensic handwriting analysis. They
discuss the steps that a forensic document examiner follows, including analysis,
comparison, and evaluation, and verification.

Included is a brief example comparing two handwriting samples, drawing attention
to some of the key differences that a handwriting analyst may utilize in
their analysis.


THE SCIENCE OF HANDWRITING ANALYSIS

The science of handwriting analysis is based on the premise that no two
individuals can produce exactly the same writing and that an individual cannot
exactly reproduce his/her own handwriting due to writing variation. Variations
are natural deviations that occur in a person’s handwriting.



The Process: Handwriting analysis involves a comprehensive comparative analysis
between a questioned body of writing with a known body of writing. Specific
habits, characteristics, and individualities in both the questioned known
writings are examined for similarities and differences.

 1. Analysis - The first step is to analyze the known writing sample and the
    unknown writing sample for distinctive characteristics. The examiner looks
    for unique qualities such as letters and word spacing, letter and word
    slant, size and proportionality of letters, unusual formations of letters,
    flourishes, and other individual attributes.
 2. Comparison - The next step is to differentiate elements from the known
    sample to those of the unknown sample. The examiner considers spelling,
    grammar, punctuation, and phraseology as well.
 3. Evaluation - The third stage is the formulation of a conclusion based on the
    significance and combination of the characteristics observed during the
    comparison and any limitations present.
 4. Verification - The final stage of the examination process is verification.
    At this stage, another qualified document examiner reviews the results of
    the initial examiner using the same methodology described above.   This
    process is performed to ensure the following:
    *   That appropriate examinations of the questioned documents have been
      conducted.
    *   The examiner’s conclusions are accurate and consistent with the assigned
      scope of work.
    *   The examiner’s conclusions are accurate and consistent within the limits
      and standards of the discipline.
    *   There is supporting data to support the examiner’s findings.


FORENSIC HANDWRITING ANALYSIS EXAMPLE

The handwriting examples below are from two different writers.

Structural differences (1) can be seen from the letter formations by each
writer. Connecting strokes to letters (2) and slant (3) are visible and differ
from each writer’s distinctive style. In addition, baseline alignment (4) is
considerably unique whereas one writer consistently writes on the baseline and
the other repeatedly deviates below the baseline.



1) Structural Difference 2) Connecting Strokes 3) Slant 4) Baseline Alignment


RELEVANT STANDARDS

Standards are published by the National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST), Organization of Scientific Area (OSAC) Sub-Committee in
Forensic Document Examinations.


QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATIONS

Questioned document examination is a discipline within forensic science that
pertains to documents with disputed authenticity or origin. A questioned
document investigation is used to ascertain the authenticity (or lack thereof)
of a document or other item when it comes into question. The examination of
known to questioned documents provides analytical results regarding the
similarities or differences between the samples using a variety of scientific
principles and methods.

To discuss your case with an expert, call us at 800.813.6736 or submit an
inquiry.


FEATURED EXPERTS

MARK SONGER, M.S.F.S.

FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINER

Mark Songer is a court qualified expert in Forensic Document Examinations. He is
a former FBI Special Agent (GS-1811) and FBI Document Analyst (GS-1397) with
over 30 years of law enforcement and… read more.

GREGORY DALZELL, MA, ABFDE

FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINER

Gregory Dalzell is a Forensic Document Examiner with 27 years of professional
experience in government agency work, with the last 13 years spent serving in
the U.S. Secret Service as a Supervisory… read more.


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