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ELECTRICAL SERVICES: A TYPICAL LIGHTNING AND EARTHING ISSUE

June 12, 2023 / Billy Syler / 0 Comments

This Blog was posted for you By Your Electrician in San Antonio – Good Electric


A TYPICAL LIGHTNING AND EARTHING ISSUE

The Problem
I have an alternative power system at my house in an area susceptible to
lightning. This consists of a wind generator, 4 solar panels, two inverters,
various controllers, and a 1200 amp/hour battery set in a small “energy center”.
I have already been ‘hit’ by a remote strike which traveled up the phone cable
around the walls of the building and took out my new sine wave inverter!!
Although all items were earthed and bonded to a single point, it was
insufficient. All items in the system are close together. The fall-back diesel
generator is also inside the same building. I have read almost ALL the
literature I can find on the Web on bonding/earthing systems and the effects of
lightning. My biggest problem lies in that – with the equipment available to me
– I cannot sink a 3/8″ earthing rod very far into the ground around the house
since it is on a solid rock mountainside. Therefore, I would be glad for your
advice on various issues.

Response
First, you don’t mention either the DC voltage or the duration of backup , or
the power level. I have assumed 120Vdc, 1 hour (nominal) 100A inverters. What
was the route from the phone line to an inverter? Can you demonstrate that this
was the path by damage, or is this an assumption? Experience tells us it is much
more likely a ground strike raising the earth potential of your system and
thereby causing the damage. Telephone wires are thin and unlikely to carry
seriously damaging currents. This post by:San Antonio Residential Electricians


SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

1. Should I use earthing rods of larger diameter?
A larger diameter will not help, as the surface area is critical. However, in
the solid rock, it is unlikely 1.5 meters would be sufficient. The earth rod
aims to achieve a low impedance to the earth of approximately 0.4 ohm. A test
drilling and rod measurement would answer how deep you need to go, but this
seems like a lot of hard work for little return.
2. Since I cannot drive them into the ground more than 1.5 meters should I use
several ‘grouped’ together?
Yes, this “Earth Net” or “Earth Farm” approach is advocated by several experts
for overcoming high impediments to earth.
3. If so, how many should I use?
This is almost impossible to answer, as there are so many variables. I’d suggest
that you put in as many as it takes to get your target impedance value.
4. How should they be grouped? How far apart? How should they be joined?
If you put them apart, there is a potential for current to flow between them, so
whatever links them together must be low impedance. They should be grouped in a
star configuration for small earth farms or a network configuration for larger
ones.
5. How should I connect the various items of equipment? One expert report
suggested copper “strapping” rather than heavy duty copper wire.
To be honest, large-diameter copper wire can cause several problems when
conducting high current impulse energy; stranded or braided “strapping” is
better but more expensive. It is common practice to use large single strands in
external rods/nets and braids where appropriate indoors. In addition, you have
the “Aerial” effect where a large loop of copper can act like the loop aerial on
a TV and pick up high frequency.
6. What size strapping or wire?
Back to your target impedance, there is no point getting a 0.4ohm Earth and then
connecting such thin copper to it that you reduce its effectiveness; on the
other hand, the cost is the limiting factor upwards.
7. Where should the connections be? I’m aware that they should be to the earth
point and any frame, but should they be anywhere else?
I’d recommend that you avoid Loops and create Stars to your earth point. You
need to make connections wherever energy can be created by fault or coupling
effect.
8. Are the connection points themselves a particular problem? Do you have any
suggestions?
Again a low impedance connection is an aim, as two clean flat surfaces together
are better than a clamp on a screw thread. In addition, each connection point
should increase the gauge of the conductor so that the preferred path for energy
is the desired direction.
9. Do I run a single cable from each item back to the rods, or can I run a “ring
main” around them?
I’d recommend that you avoid a loop and create a star instead.
10. What size cables/strapping would you recommend for each item?
These should be the appropriate size for the likely “energy” associated with a
fault and should increase in size towards your earth point.
11. A report that I read suggested that the NEGATIVE side of the battery set (2
parallel racks of 12 x 2v [600 amp/hour] cells) MUST also be connected to the
common earth. Is this correct?
This depends entirely on your inverter; if your inverter operates with one side
of the battery earthed, it should already be connected, although this is down to
how good your earth is. If your earth is bad, the connection allows energy into
the inverter front end, which is typically susceptible to damage. Conversely,
this is probably a good idea if your earth is good.
12. What is the additional effect of connecting the batteries into the earthing
system using, for example, more or heavier rods?
The only reason for increasing the earthing size by connecting batteries is if
they are likely to induce an earth fault, which should not apply in your case.
13. Several suppliers have suggested I include several lightning/surge
arrestors. Is this a good idea?
This is a vast subject. In basic terms, “lightning” cannot be arrested – the
best that anyone can hope to do is divert the energy where it will do the least
harm. Electricity Substations do this by using large spark “arrestors” that
disconnect explosively, dissipating energy. Large factories and new building
installations tend to feature earthing, preventing energy from entering their
wiring network by diverting it to earth rods. Typically, this is augmented by
“surge suppressors,” which can absorb some energy, and “surge diverters,” which
can divert the excess back into the earthing system. However, there is no point
in diverting energy to earth if your earth is so poor, it will dissipate
anywhere you have connected to the earth. Moreover, a surge suppressor is
expensive and may be a one-shot device for serious amounts of energy. Having
said that, a clearly defined approach, identifying good earthing, diversion, and
suppression, is what most people look for in these circumstances. However, at
least one of these three items will often have little effect. The customer
frequently needs to contact an expert when one approach has failed.
14. If I use surge suppression, how many devices will I need? Where do I put
them? How do I earth them?
You need to adopt a zoned approach, with larger TVSS near incomers/outgoing
supplies, large pieces of equipment, and smaller devices on smaller systems.
Each unit comes with wiring instructions and recommendations , including the
earth cable size. As before, the earth cable should run back to the star point.
15. How do I eliminate the effects of lightning through and around the walls of
the building?
You can’t completely eradicate these effects. The best you can expect is to deal
with the effect and limit the damage unless you wish to line your walls with
steel and bury them deep in the ground! However diverter/suppressors fitted for
transmitted energy will be just as effective for coupling energy.
16. Do you have any other suggestions that could help?
Three additional suggestions might help: – a. Consider earthing alternatives.
Our recent customer ran a bare cable into the sea because he was on solid rock.
b. Consider inverter technologies that are less susceptible to damage. c.
Identify the REAL cause of the damage and spend money to fix that problem. The
biggest problem with earthing and transient suppression is spending money on the
wrong solution.




DO YOU NEED AN EXPERIENCED ACCIDENT INJURY LAWYER?

November 27, 2022 / Billy Syler / 0 Comments


DO YOU NEED AN EXPERIENCED ACCIDENT INJURY LAWYER?

If any significant injuries or other problems arise from your car wreck, an
experienced accident injury lawyer is vital to the success of your damage
claims. A skillful attorney can be valuable in helping victims recover the
actual worth of their medical bills, pain, suffering, and damages to their
vehicle and its contents. If the case surrounds wrongful death, a reasonable
attorney is a prerequisite! Depending on the circumstances surrounding your car
accident and compensation needs, it’s possible for a reasonably intelligent
accident victim to handle his or her claim without the assistance of a lawyer,
so long as they’re careful. Below are a few general examples where full winning
compensation of your total damages is best-served with capable legal assistance.
More about car accident Law on this website


IT TAKES TIME TO BE PROPERLY TREATED FOR YOUR INJURIES

If you suffered any physical injuries in your accident, you should have an
experienced lawyer handle your claim. A good benchmark is whether you need to
return to your doctor after being initially treated for your injuries or if your
physician sends you to another healthcare specialist to continue treatment. When
you seek damages for bodily injuries, insurance companies don’t have to follow
preexisting guidelines when deciding how much to compensate you. Since insurance
companies are more about premiums than claims, they can decide to pay you
nothing and tell you to sue them if you don’t like it. Or they might offer
paltry settlement amounts. In either case, this is the first benefit of having a
car wreck lawyer looking out for your interests. If you’ve suffered broken
bones, head injuries, back injuries, or any other severe injury in your wreck,
do the smart thing and call a good attorney quickly!
For any questions, feel free to call the Carabin Shaw Law Firm in San Antonio


THE OTHER DRIVER IS HARD TO DEAL WITH

Suppose the other driver in your accident behaves antagonistically or tries to
intimidate you: either at the scene of the wreck or later or doesn’t want to
give you his contact or insurance information. In that case, that’s a red flag
that trouble might lie ahead. These accident “victims” usually have something to
hide, either from the law or their insurance company. You must view this as a
wake-up call that the negligent driver will make it difficult for you to recover
the damages you deserve. If you see this behavior after your car wreck, you
should seriously consider hiring a lawyer: or at least have a serious visit with
one.


WHETHER DEFENDANTS ARE INSURED OR UNINSURED AFFECTS YOUR CASE AND ITS RESULTS

July 7, 2020 / Billy Syler / 0 Comments


WHETHER DEFENDANTS ARE INSURED OR UNINSURED AFFECTS YOUR CASE AND ITS RESULTS

If an insurance company is ultimately involved in compensating you for your
damages or not, it has an enormous effect on the legal process and outcome of
your case. All drivers in Texas are required to have liability insurance
coverage for their cars. But many people choose to ignore this law and drive
uninsured. If the other driver is found liable for your injuries, he will most
likely be personally responsible for compensating you if:

Both you and the other driver are uninsured or The other driver is uninsured and
you do not have uninsured motorist coverage.
If either of these is pertinent, you must be concerned about the wealth of the
defendant. If the defendant is insolvent (in other words, doesn’t have the money
to pay you for your injuries), then you cannot receive fair compensation for
your injuries. Sadly, a lot of car accident victims don’t receive compensation
for that very reason when the defendant hasn’t the money to pay the victim for
his accident-related losses.

Sometimes, a driver who has been involved in a wreck will try to hide his assets
in hopes of appearing insolvent. Or the negligent driver might try and hide this
accident from his insurance company that threatens to drop his coverage the next
time he gets in another wreck. No matter the reasons for this defendant’s
behavior, if you suspect this may be applied to your case, the car accident
attorneys at our Texas Law Office will perform an intensive and thorough asset
check on any accident defendant and find out how much he’s really worth. If
there’s money available, we’ll find it and work hard to make sure you get your
fair share.

Suppose that both drivers involved in your accident were insured and that an
insurance company is responsible for compensating you for your injuries borne
from this person’s negligence behind the wheel. This is generally good news for
you because in most insured cases it means that there will be at least some
amount of money coming your way that will compensate you for your losses once
you are successful in bringing your claim.

But in just about any accident where an insurance company covers the defendant,
it means that you’ll be up against an aggressive company that is in the business
to make money, not giving it away. They will try to do everything possible to
pay out as little as they can. These companies employ adjusters, actuary and
medical experts, forensic investigators, and highly specialized insurance
defense attorneys to try to deny your claim or to pay you as little as possible
if their insured defendant is found guilty. And they fight to the very end.

But another factor surrounds the many drivers with “street legal-only” insurance
who carry minimum coverage on their vehicle. Their insurance policy may not
fully reimburse you for your losses if your accident was especially severe. So
just because there is money theoretically available under an insurance policy to
compensate you for your losses, doesn’t necessarily mean that money will be easy
to get your hands on: or cover your total damages. Anyone who has carried
minimum coverage for themselves (or tried to deal with one of those outfits when
they are in an accident) understands that some companies pay better (meaning
quicker) than others. But others’, with injured accident claimants (as well as
customers in-general) aren’t generally very responsive to any process other than
taking-in premiums. So you might need a tenacious and astute Texas vehicle
injury accident attorney to make them pay attention to you and your rightful
compensation

Any of the above scenarios might apply to your auto accident. This is why, in
order to be fairly compensated for your injuries, you will have an uphill battle
against these professionals whose daily job is to pay out as little as possible
for car accident claims unless you have a good lawyer to fight for you.

Put our years of experience to work for you. If you want to know what your
rights are, how to proceed with your claim, and how much compensation you can
secure from your auto accident case, call our Law Firm now for a free
consultation and find out how we can help you.





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