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SOMALIA IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN AID AS IT FACES WORST DROUGHT IN DECADES

Apr 11, 2023 6:30 PM EDT


By —

Stephanie Sy Stephanie Sy

By —

Zeba Warsi Zeba Warsi

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Transcript Audio

Somalia faces one of the world’s most acute humanitarian crises. The country is
seeing its worst drought in 40 years, famine and an ongoing armed conflict.
Humanitarian agencies warn nearly 8 million people, half of the population, are
in dire need of assistance. Stephanie Sy discussed the challenges with Omar
Mahmood, a senior analyst for East Africa for the International Crisis Group.


READ THE FULL TRANSCRIPT

 * Geoff Bennett:
   
   Somalia is facing its worst drought in 40 years, claiming tens of thousands
   of lives last year alone.
   
   Today, U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres was in its capital, Mogadishu,
   on his first official visit to the Horn of Africa in six years. And he called
   for massive international support for Somalia.
   
   Stephanie Sy has more.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   Somalia faces one of the world's most acute humanitarian crises. There are
   many causes, climate change and drought as well as ongoing armed conflict.
   
   Across the Horn of Africa, 24 million people are extremely food-insecure.
   And, in Somalia, humanitarian agencies warn, nearly eight million people,
   half of the population, is still in dire need of humanitarian assistance.
   
   To discuss the challenges, I'm joined by Omar Mahmood, a senior analyst for
   East Africa for the International Crisis Group. He joins me from Maputo,
   Mozambique.
   
   Omar, thank you so much for joining the "NewsHour."
   
   There was a massive humanitarian mobilization last year that brought Somalia
   back from the brink of famine, and yet 43,000 people died, half of them
   children. Put that tragedy into context for us.

 * Omar Mahmood, Senior Analyst, International Crisis Group:
   
   Well, essentially, Somalia is going through a very difficult climatic period
   right now, because you have had five consecutive rainy seasons that have been
   below par.
   
   And that's essentially unprecedented. And there's a sixth one under way right
   now .The projections are that this will also be under par. Somalia is one of
   the most climate vulnerable nations out there and in the world. And, on top
   of it, you have a very pressing security situation, where it's even difficult
   to access some of the populations in need. So it all creates kind of a
   perfect storm.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   And that is the reason that nearly two million people today are living in
   camps specifically for displaced people within the country.
   
   We spoke to Mercy Corps country director Daud Jiran, who frequently visits
   the camps. And he described the situation.

 * Daud Jiran, Country Director, Somalia Mercy Corps:
   
   When you ask them, how do they really sustain themselves, they will tell you,
   they only cook the evening meal. So, imagine somebody with five young
   children, and all he gets is maybe a multipurpose cash of $80 a month to buy
   some food, and then trying to sustain those five children with that little
   food, which comes only in the evening, from day to day.
   
   And the rest of the time, they depend maybe on just water and hang around
   waiting for the next meal. That is significant.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   So, not even within the camps can children and families get enough to eat.
   
   When you were last in Somalia, Omar, how would you compare what you saw to
   last year, when the country was facing famine? Have things gotten better or
   worse?

 * Omar Mahmood:
   
   Well, I mean, it's basically a continuation.
   
   I think the concerns around famine and whatnot, some of the humanitarian
   response was able to avert that, but temporarily. That's still on the
   horizon. There's still concerns that, if the response isn't the same level as
   it was last year — and funding is always an issue here — that these kinds of
   dynamics could reemerge.
   
   There's no natural relief on the way, unfortunately, with the climatic
   conditions. So that's why the humanitarian response is needed to continue.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   And I want to go back to climate change.
   
   But, first, I want to ask you about the security situation, because we know
   that nearly a million Somalis who need assistance live under territory
   controlled by Al-Shabaab. How does that affect their access to aid?

 * Omar Mahmood:
   
   Well, it's quite difficult. For those populations that live under Al-Shabaab
   control either have to — have to suffer kind of under that way, or they make
   the choice to basically flee to these IDP camps.
   
   And that's where we see these numbers, especially in Southern Somalia,
   growing quite a bit. But that is, of course, a perilous journey. It takes
   quite a — quite a bit of time to get to some of these camps as well.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   And not a lot of food there all the time as well.
   
   Besides the urgent need for immediate food assistance, Secretary Guterres
   said today that Somalia needs the — quote — "conditions" to build resilience
   and also get on what he called a path toward development.
   
   I know you study policy in this region. Billions of dollars have gone into
   humanitarian aid there over the years. What other kinds of investments are
   needed?

 * Omar Mahmood:
   
   If you look at the vulnerability of Somalia to climate shocks and climatic
   changes, and how the intervals between these climatic changes is reducing
   over time, it basically increases the vulnerability of the country and the
   population.
   
   So, climate adaptation work can basically take that reality into context,
   rather than just simply responding to humanitarian response and developments,
   but kind of move the needle forward. And so there's a lot of kind of projects
   around, finding new water sources, digging deeper boreholes, rehabilitating
   the infrastructure around canals and other irrigation systems that already
   exist, but have kind of fallen out of repair.
   
   And so I think channeling some of that — some of that focus and work into
   some of those things can then also help for the future.

 * Stephanie Sy:
   
   Omar Mahmood with the International Crisis Group.
   
   Thanks for joining us, Omar.

 * Omar Mahmood:
   
   Thanks for having me.


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RELATED

 * Apr 11
   
   
   
   U.N chief calls for massive international support to Somalia
   
   By Omar Faruk, Associated Press

 * Feb 01
   
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   Famine looms over Somalia as drought, civil war displace millions
   
   By PBS NewsHour Weekend


GO DEEPER

 * extreme drought
 * famine
 * somalia

By —

Stephanie Sy Stephanie Sy

Stephanie Sy is a PBS NewsHour correspondent and serves as anchor of PBS
NewsHour West. Throughout her career, she served in anchor and correspondent
capacities for ABC News, Al Jazeera America, CBSN, CNN International, and PBS
NewsHour Weekend. Prior to joining NewsHour, she was with Yahoo News where she
anchored coverage of the 2018 Midterm Elections and reported from Donald Trump’s
victory party on Election Day 2016.

By —

Zeba Warsi Zeba Warsi

Zeba Warsi is Foreign affairs producer, based in Washington DC. She's a Columbia
Journalism School graduate with an M.A. in Political journalism. Prior to the
NewsHour, she was based in New Delhi for seven years, covering politics,
extremism, sexual violence, social movements and human rights as a special
correspondent with CNN's India affiliate CNN-News18.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@Zebaism

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