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Skip to main content * ARTICLES Current IssueLatest ArticlesSpecial FeaturesList of IssuesPNAS Nexus * Front Matter * AUTHORS Information for AuthorsEditorial and Journal PoliciesSubmission ProceduresPublication Charges * Topics * Physical Sciences * Social Sciences * Biological Sciences FEATURED TOPICS * Physics * Chemistry * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Applied Mathematics * Applied Physical Sciences * Astronomy * Biophysics and Computational Biology * Computer Sciences * Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences * Engineering * Environmental Sciences * Mathematics * Statistics FEATURED TOPICS * Anthropology * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Demography * Economic Sciences * Environmental Sciences * Political Sciences * Psychological and Cognitive Sciences FEATURED TOPIC * Anthropology * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Agricultural Sciences * Applied Biological Sciences * Biochemistry * Biophysics and Computational Biology * Cell Biology * Developmental Biology * Ecology * Environmental Sciences * Evolution * Genetics * Immunology and Inflammation * Medical Sciences * Microbiology * Neuroscience * Pharmacology * Physiology * Plant Biology * Population Biology * Psychological and Cognitive Sciences * Systems Biology * Covid-19 0 Cart Sign in Register Individual Login Institutional Login Submit Quick Search anywhere Enter text / DOI / article type / keywords / authors / etc Quick search in Citations JournalYearVolumeIssuePage Quick Search in Journals Enter text / DOI / article type / keywords / authors / etc Quick Search in Journals Enter text / DOI / article type / keywords / authors / etc Searching: Anywhere AnywhereCitationPNAS NexusProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Advanced Search Search SUGGESTED SEARCHES: Covid-19 Demography Mpox Climate Change Gun Violence Sign in Register Individual Login Institutional Login Quick Search anywhere Enter words / phrases / DOI / ISBN / keywords / authors / etc * ARTICLES * Current Issue * Latest Articles * Special Features * List of Issues * PNAS Nexus * Front Matter * AUTHORS * Information for Authors * Editorial and Journal Policies * Submission Procedures * Publication Charges * Topics * Covid-19 * * * * * Terms of Service Privacy Policy Accessibility back Physical Sciences FEATURED TOPICS * Physics * Chemistry * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Applied Mathematics * Applied Physical Sciences * Astronomy * Biophysics and Computational Biology * Computer Sciences * Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences * Engineering * Environmental Sciences * Mathematics * Statistics back Social Sciences FEATURED TOPICS * Anthropology * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Demography * Economic Sciences * Environmental Sciences * Political Sciences * Psychological and Cognitive Sciences back Biological Sciences FEATURED TOPIC * Anthropology * Sustainability Science ARTICLES BY TOPIC * Agricultural Sciences * Applied Biological Sciences * Biochemistry * Biophysics and Computational Biology * Cell Biology * Developmental Biology * Ecology * Environmental Sciences * Evolution * Genetics * Immunology and Inflammation * Medical Sciences * Microbiology * Neuroscience * Pharmacology * Physiology * Plant Biology * Population Biology * Psychological and Cognitive Sciences * Systems Biology back Topics Physical Sciences Social Sciences Biological Sciences Skip slideshow APRIL 18, 2023; VOL. 120 NO. 16 Volume 120, Issue 16: View articles in the latest issue of PNAS. LATEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES: BERING STRAIT ACCESS BEFORE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM. Click to read more. Image credit: Julie Granger. THE WORLD’S GLACIERS ARE MELTING. BUT HOW DO RESEARCHERS KNOW EXACTLY HOW MUCH ICE IS DISAPPEARING AND AT WHAT RATE? Click to watch the Featured Video. PNAS RECENTLY RAN A CALL FOR PAPERS CAMPAIGN FOCUSED ON RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY PAPERS IN THE TOPIC OF ANIMAL COMMUNICATION. Read the Campaign Summary here. APRIL 18, 2023; VOL. 120 NO. 16 Volume 120, Issue 16: View articles in the latest issue of PNAS. LATEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES: BERING STRAIT ACCESS BEFORE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM. Click to read more. Image credit: Julie Granger. THE WORLD’S GLACIERS ARE MELTING. BUT HOW DO RESEARCHERS KNOW EXACTLY HOW MUCH ICE IS DISAPPEARING AND AT WHAT RATE? Click to watch the Featured Video. PNAS RECENTLY RAN A CALL FOR PAPERS CAMPAIGN FOCUSED ON RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY PAPERS IN THE TOPIC OF ANIMAL COMMUNICATION. Read the Campaign Summary here. APRIL 18, 2023; VOL. 120 NO. 16 Volume 120, Issue 16: View articles in the latest issue of PNAS. LATEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES: BERING STRAIT ACCESS BEFORE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM. Click to read more. Image credit: Julie Granger. sign up for alerts Author center submit REQUEST USERNAME x Close Can't sign in? Forgot your username? Enter your email address below and we will send you your username Email Submit If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username CREATE A NEW ACCOUNT xClose Email Returning user Submit We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By using this website, you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. Find out more CONTINUE LOGIN xClose Email* Password* Forgot your password? Reset it here Keep me logged in Login Don’t have an account? Register here Institutional Login CHANGE PASSWORD xClose Enter the verification code Submit CONGRATS! Your Phone has been verified CURRENT ISSUE * April 18, 2023 * vol. 120 * no. 16 * This Week in PNASApril 18, 2023 IN THIS ISSUE This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory * Research ArticleApril 11, 2023 EXPANSION OF THE SAGITTAL SUTURE INDUCES PROLIFERATION OF SKELETAL STEM CELLS AND SUSTAINS ENDOGENOUS CALVARIAL BONE REGENERATION SignificanceThis work describes the discovery that an “activation” of a calvarial suture, in the form of a controlled mechanical expansion, can increase the number of calvarial skeletal stem cells (cSSCs) present in the suture and can, consequently, ...In newborn humans, and up to approximately 2 y of age, calvarial bone defects can naturally regenerate. This remarkable regeneration potential is also found in newborn mice and is absent in adult mice. Since previous studies showed that the mouse ... * Zahra A. Aldawood, * Luigi Mancinelli, * Xuehui Geng, * Shu-Chi A. Yeh, * Roberta Di Carlo, * Taiana C. Leite, * Jonas Gustafson, * Katarzyna Wilk, * Joseph Yozgatian, * Sasan Garakani, * Seyed Hossein Bassir, * Michael L. Cunningham, * Charles P. Lin, * [...] * Giuseppe Intini, * +11 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory * Research ArticleApril 10, 2023 BLOCKADE OF TRANS PD-L1 INTERACTION WITH CD80 AUGMENTS ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY PD-L1 interaction with CD80 can be in cis or in trans, but how PD-L1 interacts with CD80 in vivo remains controversial. Specific blockade of cis PD-L1/CD80 interactions on APCs reduces tumor immunity, but the impact of general blockade of PD-...PD-L1 has two receptors: PD-1 and CD80. Previous reports assumed that PD-L1 and CD80 interacted in trans, but recent reports showed that only cis PD-L1/CD80 interactions existed, and prevention of cis PD-L1/CD80 interactions on antigen-presenting cells (... * Yuankun Zhang, * Qingxiao Song, * Kaniel Cassady, * Michael Lee, * Haidong Tang, * Moqian Zheng, * Bixin Wang, * Dustin E. Schones, * Yang-Xin Fu, * Arthur D. Riggs, * Paul J. Martin, * Ru Feng, * [...] * Defu Zeng, * +10 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory VIEW FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS about pnas PNAS IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST-CITED AND COMPREHENSIVE MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), is an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences. The journal is global in scope and submission is open to all researchers worldwide. Read More IN THE NEWS Research ArticleDecember 27, 2022 ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE TRIGGERS QUASICRYSTAL FORMATION IN AN EOLIAN DUNE * Luca Bindi, * Matthew A. Pasek, * Chi Ma, * Jinping Hu, * Guangming Cheng, * Nan Yao, * Paul D. Asimow, * [...] * Paul J. Steinhardt, * +5 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory Research ArticleJanuary 9, 2023 A RECONSTRUCTION OF PARASITE BURDEN REVEALS ONE CENTURY OF CLIMATE-ASSOCIATED PARASITE DECLINE * Chelsea L. Wood, * Rachel L. Welicky, * Whitney C. Preisser, * Katie L. Leslie, * Natalie Mastick, * Correigh Greene, * Katherine P. Maslenikov, * Luke Tornabene, * John M. Kinsella, * [...] * Timothy E. Essington, * +7 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory Research ArticleJanuary 9, 2023 TROPICAL FORESTS POST-LOGGING ARE A PERSISTENT NET CARBON SOURCE TO THE ATMOSPHERE * Maria B. Mills, * Yadvinder Malhi, * Robert M. Ewers, * Lip Khoon Kho, * Yit Arn Teh, * Sabine Both, * David F. R. P. Burslem, * Noreen Majalap, * Reuben Nilus, * Walter Huaraca Huasco, * Rudi Cruz, * Milenka M. Pillco, * Edgar C. Turner, * Glen Reynolds, * [...] * Terhi Riutta, * +12 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory QnAsMarch 9, 2023 CLASSIC QNAS WITH RASMUS GRØNFELDT WINTHER AND ESKE WILLERSLEV * [...] * Matthew Hardcastle * +0 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory View all news Trending * Research ArticleMarch 9, 2015 ORIGINS OF NARCISSISM IN CHILDREN Narcissistic individuals feel superior to others, fantasize about personal successes, and believe they deserve special treatment. When they feel humiliated, they often lash out aggressively or even violently. Unfortunately, little is known ...Narcissism levels have been increasing among Western youth, and contribute to societal problems such as aggression and violence. The origins of narcissism, however, are not well understood. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first prospective ... * Eddie Brummelman, * Sander Thomaes, * Stefanie A. Nelemans, * Bram Orobio de Castro, * Geertjan Overbeek, * [...] * Brad J. Bushman, * +3 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory * Research ArticleApril 10, 2023 BACTERIAL ORIGIN OF A KEY INNOVATION IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE VERTEBRATE EYE Since the time of Charles Darwin, explaining the stepwise evolution of the eye has been a challenge. Here, we describe the essential contribution of bacteria to the evolution of the vertebrate eye, via interdomain horizontal gene transfer (...The vertebrate eye was described by Charles Darwin as one of the greatest potential challenges to a theory of natural selection by stepwise evolutionary processes. While numerous evolutionary transitions that led to the vertebrate eye have been explained, ... * Chinmay A. Kalluraya, * Alexander J. Weitzel, * Brian V. Tsu, * [...] * Matthew D. Daugherty and * +1 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory * Research ArticleJuly 10, 2020 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SMALL BUSINESS OUTCOMES AND EXPECTATIONS Drawing on a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses, this paper provides insight into the economic impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on small businesses. The results shed light on both the financial fragility of many small businesses, ...To explore the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—... * Alexander W. Bartik, * Marianne Bertrand, * Zoe Cullen, * Edward L. Glaeser, * Michael Luca, * [...] * Christopher Stanton, * +3 authors This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory SCIENCE SESSIONS PODCASTS play JUMP, BEND, AND ROLL: THE RISE OF BIOINSPIRED ROBOTS play MATH LEARNING THROUGH VIDEOS play IMPRESSIONISM AND AIR POLLUTION more Science Sessions FRONT MATTER OpinionApril 19, 2023 SUPREME COURT CASES ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION THREATEN DIVERSITY IN MEDICINE * Daniel G. Aaron, * Simar S. 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