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URL:
https://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Experience/Common-Threads/Common-Threads-Army/
Submission: On November 18 via manual from US — Scanned from DE
Submission: On November 18 via manual from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 1 forms found in the DOM
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<h1> <span class="first">Common Threads </span><br> <span class="second">Army</span></h1>
<p>Since the U.S. Army's founding on June 14, 1775, its uniforms have evolved to match military tactics and technology – with warfighters constantly equipped with gear that increases survivability, mobility and lethality.</p>
<p>Scroll the interactive display below to see how the uniform has changed over time.</p>
<p>
<i style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; color: #F8FFEA;">Disclaimer: Over the years, styles, environments, technology and missions changed. In an attempt to simplify those complex details, we are featuring only enlisted combat uniforms and their regulation equipment.</i>
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<h1>Uniform Evolution</h1>
<p class="mobile" style="max-width: 700px; margin: auto; line-height: 1.3; display: none;">Swipe through the timeline to see how the Army's uniform has evolved. Scroll the uniform image to rotate the model or click to learn
more.</p>
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<h2>1941-1945</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="5" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
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<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<h2>1950-1953</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
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<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="6" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
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<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<h2>1965-1975</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="7" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<h2>1990-1991</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="8" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<h2>2000-2005</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="9" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<h2>2019-2021</h2>
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!--END TIMELINE MODULE-->
<div class="timeline slick-initialized slick-slider"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left carousel-previous slick-arrow slick-disabled" aria-disabled="true" style=""></i>
<div class="slick-list draggable">
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<div class="slick-slide slick-current slick-active" data-slick-index="0" aria-hidden="false" style="width: 1600px;">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4">
<div id="scrollable-1" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-1" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/01-revolutionary-war/revolutionary-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;">
</div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f01-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f01-Modal01" tabindex="0">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f01-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f01-Modal02" tabindex="0">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
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<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
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<div class="title">Weapons</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Revolutionary War</h2>
<p>Continental Army uniforms varied throughout the war because of material shortages and difficulty transporting goods, but American soldiers generally wore uniforms similar to the British and French armies – then the
elite forces of the world. </p>
<p>The Army established uniform regulations in 1779 and made efforts to standardize small arms and equipment, with some success by the end of the war.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="1" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
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</button> <button id="f02-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f02-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f02-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f02-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f02-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f02-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>War of 1812</h2>
<p>Army regiments were all outfitted differently during the War of 1812, except for militia uniforms. Designs continued to follow European military trends and by 1813, lace bindings were no longer featured so
regulation uniforms could be mass produced and quickly distributed to troops.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="2" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4 switcher-fix">
<div id="3-pane-A" class="card tab-pane show fade active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<style>
.show.fade.active {
opacity: 1;
}
.tab-pane.active {
z-index: 999;
}
</style>
<div id="scrollable-3" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-3" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/03-civil-war/civil-dress-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f03-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f03-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f03-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f03-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f03-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f03-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="3-pane-B" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-B" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-3b" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-3b" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/03-civil-war/civil-fatigue-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;">
</div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f03b-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f03b-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f03b-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f03b-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f03b-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f03b-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f03b-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Civil War</h2>
<p>By the middle of the Civil War, military uniforms were mostly standardized for U.S. troops, known as "regulars," and the state-raised volunteer regiments. While there was still some variety, a regulation uniform for
the enlisted foot soldier had emerged. </p>
<div class="button" type="button" data-target="#vid-1" data-toggle="modal" tabindex="0"> <i class="fas fa-video"></i> Wool in summer? An Army historian explains </div>
<div class="variation-selector">
<h3>Variations</h3>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a id="3-tab-A" href="#3-pane-A" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">Dress Coat</a> </li>
<li><a id="3-tab-B" href="#3-pane-B" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">Fatigue Blouse</a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="3" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
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<div id="4-pane-A" class="card tab-pane show fade active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-4" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-4" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/04-wwi/wwi-infantry-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f04-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f04-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f04-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f04-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f04-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f04-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="4-pane-B" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-B" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-4b" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-4b" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/04-wwi/wwi-french-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f04b-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f04b-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Uniform</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>World War I</h2>
<p>The turn of the century marked a uniform change for the Army. The M1910 service uniform, issued for work and field use, was the service's first uniform that was solely one color. It was olive drab green wool in
winter and khaki cotton in summer – and for the first time, it didn't include a blue coat or trousers. By the time the U.S. entered World War I, the winter service uniform had become the standard field/combat choice
for the American Expeditionary Forces, or AEF, in Europe.</p>
<div class="button" type="button" data-target="#vid-2" data-toggle="modal" tabindex="0"> <i class="fas fa-video"></i> Trench Warfare Made Pistols, Knives Important </div>
<div class="button" type="button" data-target="#vid-3" data-toggle="modal" tabindex="0"> <i class="fas fa-video"></i> How African Americans Served In WWI</div>
<div class="variation-selector">
<h3>Variations</h3>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a id="4-tab-A" href="#4-pane-A" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">Frontline Infantry</a> </li>
<li><a id="4-tab-B" href="#4-pane-B" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">French Style</a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="4" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4 switcher-fix">
<div id="5-pane-A" class="card tab-pane show fade active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-5" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-5" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/05-wwii/wwii-m1941-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f05-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f05-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f05-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f05-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f05-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f05-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="5-pane-B" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-5b" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-5b" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/05-wwii/wwii-m1943-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f05b-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f05b-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f05b-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f05b-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f05b-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f05b-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05b-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="5-pane-C" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-5c" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-5c" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/05-wwii/wwii-hbt-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f05c-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f05c-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f05c-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f05c-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f05c-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f05c-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f05c-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>World War II</h2>
<p>World War II was truly global and required multi-environment clothing. </p>
<p>In 1943, for the first time, a new uniform was developed specifically for combat. Until then, three basic uniforms: a winter wool service uniform, a khaki cotton summer service uniform and a fatigue (work) uniform,
were modified and improved. As the war progressed, fatigue uniforms made of herringbone twill, or HBT, also became more prominent in the combat zone. </p>
<div class="variation-selector">
<h3>Variations</h3>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a id="5-tab-A" href="#5-pane-A" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">M1941</a> </li>
<li><a id="5-tab-B" href="#5-pane-B" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">M1943</a> </li>
<li><a id="3-tab-C" href="#5-pane-C" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">HBT</a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="5" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4">
<div id="scrollable-6" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-6" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/06-korean-war/Koreanwar-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f06-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Winter Gear</div>
</button> <button id="f06-hotspot-07" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f06-Modal07" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Korean War</h2>
<p>Soldiers in Korea used much clothing and equipment consisting of original and revised patterns from World War II. Given Korea’s rugged, mountainous terrain and frigid climates, however, it quickly became evident
that troops fighting there needed additional winter clothing.</p>
<div class="button" type="button" data-target="#vid-4" data-toggle="modal" tabindex="0"> <i class="fas fa-video"></i> Why Uniform "Name Tape" IDs Came About</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="6" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4">
<div id="scrollable-7" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-7" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/07-vietnam-war/vietnam-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f07-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Front Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f07-hotspot-07" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f07-Modal07" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Vietnam War</h2>
<p>In the decade following the Korean War, from 1954 to 1964, the Army's uniforms, small arms and equipment changed dramatically. </p>
<p>Due to Vietnam's tropical climate, the field uniforms (jungle fatigues) would be a new lightweight design. The change of small arms from the M-1 rifle to the M-14 rifle and later to the M-16A1 rifle resulted in a
radical change to the Army’s field equipment. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="7" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4">
<div id="scrollable-8" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-8" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/08-desert/DesertStorm-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f08-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f08-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f08-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f08-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f08-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f08-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f08-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Desert Storm (Gulf War)</h2>
<p>The push to standardize uniforms for the U.S. armed forces continued in the years leading up to the Gulf War. The Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU) was introduced on a large-scale in 1982 as part of a major uniform
change. This was famously known as the "Chocolate Chip" pattern. Technological advances in materials and body armor added to the safety of troops in war and improved comfort.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="8" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4 switcher-fix">
<div id="9-pane-A" class="card tab-pane show fade active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-A" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-9" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-9" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/09-oef/early-oef-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f09-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f09-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f09-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f09-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f09-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weaponry</div>
</button> <button id="f09-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="9-pane-B" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-B" style="position: absolute;">
<div id="scrollable-9b" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-9b" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/09-oef/late-oef-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f09b-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f09b-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f09b-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f09b-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f09b-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f09b-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f09b-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom</h2>
<p>At the beginning of the 21st century, the military services began developing their own warfighting clothing, boots, body armor and equipment. The slight differences in uniform direction were meant to meet the
specific mission of each service branch. </p>
<p>The Army continued to improve uniform technology throughout the global war on terror. The Army Combat Uniform, specifically developed for use with body armor, replaced the Battle Dress Uniform after the ACU's
introduction in 2004. </p>
<div class="variation-selector">
<h3>Variations</h3>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a id="9-tab-A" href="#9-pane-A" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">Early 2000s</a> </li>
<li><a id="9-tab-B" href="#9-pane-B" class="nav-link" data-toggle="pill" tabindex="-1">Late 2000s</a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="9" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 1600px;" tabindex="-1">
<div>
<div style="width: 100%; display: inline-block;">
<div class="dgov-grid dgov-justify-center">
<div class="dgov-col-md-6 dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-xlg-4">
<div id="scrollable-10" class="scrollable">
<div class="inside">
<div class="rot-photo">
<div id="frame-10" class="changer-container photo-changer frame" style="background: url(/Portals/1/Interactive/2019/11-uniform-evolution/army/10-modern/modern-01.jpg) bottom left / cover;"> </div>
<div class="hotspots hotspots0"> <button id="f10-hotspot-01" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal01" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Headgear</div>
</button> <button id="f10-hotspot-02" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal02" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Clothing</div>
</button> <button id="f10-hotspot-03" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal03" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Footwear</div>
</button> <button id="f10-hotspot-04" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal04" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Equipment</div>
</button> <button id="f10-hotspot-05" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal05" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Weapons</div>
</button> <button id="f10-hotspot-06" class="circle" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#f10-Modal06" tabindex="-1">
<div class="pulsating-circle"></div>
<div class="title">Body Armor</div>
</button> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-lg-5 dgov-col-md-6 variations">
<h2>Modern</h2>
<p>Since operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, advancements continue in garment material, body armor and equipment. With newer technology, such as flame-retardant and permethrin-infused clothing, soldiers are
further protected from burns and insect-borne diseases. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><i class="fa fa-chevron-right carousel-next slick-arrow" style="" aria-disabled="false"></i>
</div> <!-- ITEM 1 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
<div class="item-model-group">
<div class="modal fade" id="f01-Modal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f01-Modal01title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f01-Modal01title">Headgear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>Tricorne hat:</h4>
<p>This cocked hat was made of black felt and often bound around the edge of the brim with white wool tape. A white trim of wool tape represented foot troops and yellow trim represented artillery troops. A black cockade
made from ribbon was attached to the left front, held by a cord and button. This was changed to black and white when France joined the war in support of the United States.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f01-Modal02" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f01-Modal02title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f01-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>Coats:</h4>
<p>The Continental Army uniform coat was made of dark blue wool – a direct contrast to the British Army’s red uniforms.</p>
<p>The collar, cuffs and lapels were trimmed with a variety of colors depending on the region: white for New England; buff for New York and New Jersey; red for the mid-Atlantic states; and blue for the southern states.
</p>
<h4>Waistcoat (vest):</h4>
<p>Worn under the coat and over the shirt, the waistcoat was generally single breasted with a standing collar and two small front pockets.</p>
<h4>Shirts:</h4>
<p>Shirts were usually made of coarse, white or natural linen and were long and loose fitting, with full, long sleeves and a large collar. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Neck Stock:</h4>
<p>Worn over the shirt collar and fastened around the neck with a buckle, clasp or tie-string, the neck stock helped soldiers maintain a military posture. They were typically black and made of woven horsehair, leather or
linen.</p>
<h4>Overalls:</h4>
<p>Overalls were usually made of white wool for winter service and white linen for summer service. Trousers were usually tailored to fit looser and baggier than breeches.</p>
<h4>Breeches:</h4>
<p>A common form of civilian garment, breeches were worn early in the war. Full in the seat and tight in the leg, the breeches extended just below the knee. They were often made of wool or linen, and in some cases,
leather. (Not pictured)</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>General George Washington considered overalls to be a superior item of clothing, and by the end of 1778, they had been adopted by most American regiments, replacing breeches.</p>
<p>During the first few years of the war, substantial stocks of uniforms were made in centers, such as Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Charleston. These uniforms were made of locally woven cloth or cloth imported
from France.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f01-Modal03" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f01-Modal03title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f01-Modal03title">Footwear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>Shoes were low quarter, black leather with buckles or ties (laces).</p>
<div class="yk">
<p> There was no distinction between left and right shoes.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f01-Modal04" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f01-Modal04title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f01-Modal04title">Equipment</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The most common form of <strong>knapsack</strong> was a square linen bag with a large flap that was usually painted to provide protection in damp weather. It was used to hold spare clothing, personal items and a
folded blanket under the flap. (not pictured)</p>
<p>The <strong>haversack</strong> was a white, linen bag for carrying food, utensils and small personal items.</p>
<p>The <strong>canteen</strong> which was used to carry liquids, usually water, was a round, wooden “cheese box” drum. It had a wooden stopper and was held by a leather shoulder strap.</p>
<p>The two <strong>crossbelts</strong> were usually made of “whitened buff” leather, although tanned leather or a woven linen was sometimes used. </p>
<p>One of the belts extended from the left shoulder to the right hip and supported the <strong>cartridge box</strong>. This was also generally leather, and had a wooden block inside with holes drilled in the top to hold
pre-rolled paper cartridges, usually about two dozen rounds. </p>
<p>The other belt, which hung in the opposite direction and featured a buckle or breastplate to adjust length, supported the <strong>scabbard</strong> for the <strong>bayonet</strong>. The blackened, tanned leather
scabbard was sized to fit the bayonet's blade.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f01-Modal05" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f01-Modal05title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f01-Modal05title">Weapons</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The <strong>British short land service musket</strong>, also known as the second model Brown Bess musket, was a smoothbore, flintlock musket that fired a .75-caliber lead ball. </p>
<p>By the end of the war, the M1766 Charleville provided by French allies was the most prevalent weapon in the Continental Army’s inventory. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 2 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
<div class="item-model-group">
<div class="modal fade" id="f02-Modal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f02-Modal01title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f02-Modal01title">Headgear </h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The <strong>“tombstone” shako cap</strong> was a tall, black, flat-top cap with a slight extension at the top. Initially made of felt, it was changed to leather for better weather protection. A cap plate bore the unit
insignia and a white wool plume. A braided cord with tassels was yellow or white: Yellow represented artillery, and white was for infantry. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f02-Modal02" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f02-Modal02title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f02-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>Coatee:</h4>
<p>This tight-fitting uniform garment was waist length in front and had short tails at the back. The single-breasted coatee had 10 metal button closures and a high standing collar trimmed with white lace. Dark blue was
the regulation color, but due to dye shortages – most dyes came from Europe – gray, brown and green wools were also used.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>At the time, there were no branch colors as we have today. Foot troops used silver or white trim; all others used gold or yellow trim.</p>
</div>
<h4>Waistcoat:</h4>
<p>Also called a vest, it was single-breasted with a tall, standing collar and went over the shirt and under the coatee. The summer waistcoat was white linen and in winter, it was wool. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Shirts:</h4>
<p>Generally made of course, white or natural linen, shirts were long and loose fitting with full, long sleeves and a large collar. The shirt also doubled as a sleeping garment. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Neck Stock:</h4>
<p>Worn over the shirt collar to help soldiers maintain military posture, neck stocks were usually black leather and fastened with a brass clasp.</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Full in the seat with tight legs ending at the ankles, trousers had replaced both breeches and overalls by the War of 1812. Like the waistcoat, trousers were white linen for summer and blue, white or gray wool for
winter.</p>
<h4>Gaiters:</h4>
<p>Also called leggings, gaiters served to keep dirt out of the shoes and to protect the legs in rough terrain. They were worn over trouser legs and stopped just below the knee. Gaiters were black wool or painted black
canvas with a button closure on the outer side and a strap under the boot.</p>
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<p>The blackened, tanned leather shoes usually had the rough side facing out. Small wooden pegs held together the leather soles and the rest of the boot was sewn together with linen thread.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>There was no distinction between the left and right shoes. </p>
</div>
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<p>Soldiers used a linen <strong>knapsack</strong> to carry spare clothing, personal items and a folded blanket under the flap, which was painted light blue with the letters “U.S.” in an oval and secured by three leather
straps. Everything that wasn't worn against the body was painted as a waterproofing technique.</p>
<p>The white linen <strong>haversack</strong> carried food, utensils and small personal items.</p>
<p>Generally a round, wooden “cheese box” drum, the <strong>canteen</strong> held liquids, usually water. It had a wooden stopper and hung from a leather strap, and most were painted sky blue according to regulations,
with white "U.S." letters painted on the face.</p>
<p>The <strong>crossbelts</strong> were made of “whitened buff” leather or dyed black. (a more efficient choice).</p>
<p>The black leather <strong>cartridge box</strong> contained a wooden block with holes drilled in the top to hold pre-rolled paper cartridges. Under the block, a tin tray with three compartments held spare flints, a
musket tool and a cleaning rag. A belt that hung crosswise from the left shoulder supported the weight of the box.</p>
<p>The other belt supported the <strong>scabbard</strong> for the <strong>bayonet</strong> and was worn from right shoulder to left hip. It also featured an oval breast plate used to adjust the length. The scabbard was
made of black leather and was sized to fit the blade of the bayonet.</p>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<h4>M1795 Springfield musket:</h4>
<p>The first American model musket to be issued that was manufactured at the Springfield Arsenal in Massachusetts and by several private contractors, including Eli Whitney. It was a direct copy of the French Charleville
musket used in the Revolutionary War.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 3A MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<p>The <strong>M1858 Army hat</strong>, referred to as the dress hat or Hardee Hat, was made of black felt with a three-inch brim looped up on one side and held with a stamped brass eagle (from the Arms of the United
States). The branch insignia for the infantry was a looped hunting horn with the regimental number in the center and the company letter on top. The forage cap - described under Fatigue Uniform - was also issued.</p>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<h4>Coats:</h4>
<p>The two coats issued the most to foot troops throughout the war were the 1858 <strong>dress coat</strong> and the <strong>sack coat</strong>, or fatigue blouse.</p>
<p>Infantry, cavalry and light artillery units wore the <strong>sack coat</strong> which was made of dark blue, loosely woven flannel wool, reached just below the waistline and came in four sizes. Single-breasted with
four brass coat buttons and a simple roll collar, the sack coat was meant for work or detail, but was more prevalent on the battlefield by the end of the war than the dress coat. </p>
<p>The 1858 <strong>dress coat</strong>, also known as a frock to civilians, was made of dark blue wool with skirts extending halfway to the knees. It was single-breasted with nine brass general service eagle buttons in
front and a standing collar hooked together at the neck. The sleeves had pointed cuffs, open at the seam and secured with two small brass general service buttons. The edge of the collar and the cuffs were piped with a
welt of cloth in the branch color (sky blue for infantry). This coat was more commonly worn by infantry soldiers earlier in the war and by certain infantry and heavy artillery units throughout.</p>
<h4>Shirts:</h4>
<p>Army-issue shirts were pullover style and made of white domet flannel – a cotton or cotton and wool flannel. They were coarse, inexpensive and easy to manufacture. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Enlisted soldiers wore full-cut, straight leg, cuffed, creaseless trousers with vertical side pockets, made of sky blue kersey – a kind of coarse wool. A small tightening belt known as a yoke helped them fit properly.
They were issued in four sizes, without belts or suspenders, though soldiers could wear their own.</p>
<h4>Drawers:</h4>
<p>White cotton long drawers buttoned at the waist in front and sometimes had adjustment ties on each side. There were also ties at the bottom of each leg that fastened under the instep and prevented the legs from riding
up. (Not Pictured)</p>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<p>Shoes, known as <strong>Jefferson bootees</strong>, were ankle-high, laced, smooth blackened leather with soles held together by small wooden pegs.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>They were very similar to the 1812 shoe except they were now made specifically for left and right feet. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03-Modal04" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03-Modal04title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The double-bag <strong>knapsack</strong>, made of black painted or enameled cotton cloth, held soldiers’ spare clothing and personal items. It could also carry the blanket, ground cloth/poncho, partial tent called a
shelter half, and shelter half poles and pins (if those were retained by the soldier). </p>
<p>The <strong>haversack</strong>, a canvas painted or enameled black bag, featured a shoulder strap of the same material. A large flap was secured in front with a leather strap and buckle. A white inner cloth bag was
used to carry rations, eating utensils and other small items. </p>
<p>The <strong>M1858 canteen</strong> was an oblate spheroid made of pressed tin with three strap loops around the edge and a pewter spout with a cork stopper at the top. The cork was capped with tin and had an iron ring
and chain attached at the top. The body of the canteen was covered in sky blue or brownish gray fabric.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>There was no government-issued personal identification or first aid kit at this time.</p>
</div>
<p>The <strong>M1861 cartridge box</strong> was made of black leather with a large outer flap. Attached to the center of the flap was an oval, lead-filled brass plate with a raised rim and the letters “U.S.” A tin inner
liner divided two upper and two lower compartments, each holding 10 rounds of .58 caliber cartridges.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03-Modal05" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03-Modal05title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03-Modal05title">Weapons</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>Most notable were the .577-caliber British M1853 Enfield rifle-musket and <strong>.58-caliber M1861 and M1863 Springfield rifle-muskets</strong>. The American-made weapons each had a triangular bayonet. </p>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03-Modal06title">Front Equipment </h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<p>A blackened buff leather <strong>waist belt</strong> added to the uniform had a brass plate or buckle that was stamped with “U.S.” and filled with lead in the back to give it weight. An attached black leather
<strong>percussion cap pouch</strong> contained primers for the rifle or musket. A sewn-in strip of sheep’s wool kept musket caps from falling out. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 3B MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal01title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
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<p>The <strong>forage cap</strong> originally was intended to be worn during fatigue or foraging duty rather than during garrison or dress duties. It was made of dark blue wool with a leather bill in front and a leather
chinstrap held in place by a small brass general service eagle button on each side. While light and comfy, the cap didn’t offer good protection from extreme weather. Soldiers also received the <strong>M1858 Army
hat.</strong>(see Civil War Dress Uniform for a description of this hat)</p>
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<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal02" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal02title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03b-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>Coats:</h4>
<p>The two coats issued the most to foot troops throughout the war were the 1858 <strong>dress coat</strong> and the <strong>sack coat</strong>, or fatigue blouse.</p>
<p>Infantry, cavalry and light artillery units wore the <strong>sack coat</strong> which was made of dark blue, loosely woven flannel wool, reached just below the waistline and came in four sizes. Single-breasted with
four brass coat buttons and a simple roll collar, the sack coat was meant for work or detail, but was more prevalent on the battlefield by the end of the war than the dress coat. </p>
<h4>Shirts:</h4>
<p>Army-issue shirts were pullover style and made of white domet flannel – a cotton or cotton and wool flannel. They were coarse, inexpensive and easy to manufacture. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Enlisted soldiers wore full-cut, straight leg, cuffed, creaseless trousers with vertical side pockets, made of sky blue kersey – a kind of coarse wool. A small tightening belt known as a yoke helped them fit properly.
They were issued in four sizes, without belts or suspenders, though soldiers could wear their own.</p>
<h4>Drawers:</h4>
<p>White cotton long drawers buttoned at the waist in front and sometimes had adjustment ties on each side. There were also ties at the bottom of each leg that fastened under the instep and prevented the legs from riding
up. (Not Pictured)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal03" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal03title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03b-Modal03title">Footwear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>Shoes, known as <strong>Jefferson bootees</strong>, were ankle-high, laced, smooth blackened leather with soles held together by small wooden pegs. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>They were very similar to the 1812 shoe except they were now made specifically for left and right feet. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal04" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal04title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03b-Modal04title">Equipment</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The double-bag <strong>knapsack</strong>, made of black painted or enameled cotton cloth, held soldiers’ spare clothing and personal items. It could also carry the blanket, ground cloth/poncho, partial tent called a
shelter half, and shelter half poles and pins (if those were retained by the soldier). </p>
<p>The <strong>haversack</strong>, a canvas painted or enameled black bag, featured a shoulder strap of the same material. A large flap was secured in front with a leather strap and buckle. A white inner cloth bag was
used to carry rations, eating utensils and other small items. </p>
<p>The <strong>M1858 canteen</strong> was an oblate spheroid made of pressed tin with three strap loops around the edge and a pewter spout with a cork stopper at the top. The cork was capped with tin and had an iron ring
and chain attached at the top. The body of the canteen was covered in sky blue or brownish gray fabric.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>There was no government-issued personal identification or first aid kit at this time.</p>
</div>
<p>The <strong>M1861 cartridge box</strong> was made of black leather with a large outer flap. Attached to the center of the flap was an oval, lead-filled brass plate with a raised rim and the letters “U.S.” A tin inner
liner divided two upper and two lower compartments, each holding 10 rounds of .58 caliber cartridges.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal05" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal05title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03b-Modal05title">Weapons</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The .577-caliber <strong>British M1853 Enfield rifle-musket</strong> and .58-caliber M1861 and M1863 Springfield rifle-muskets, made in America, were common late in the war and each had a triangular bayonet. </p>
<p>The M1842 Springfield musket which was common earlier in the war, was smooth-bore – which was not very accurate – .69-caliber and had a triangular bayonet. It was less common to see by the end of the war. (Not
pictured)</p>
<p>The black leather <strong>bayonet scabbard</strong> which hung from the waist belt was sized to fit the blade of the bayonet. It had a brass tip on the bottom and was stitched at the top to a curved leather piece with
a belt loop called the frog.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f03b-Modal06" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f03b-Modal06title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f03b-Modal06title">Front Equipment </h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>A blackened buff leather <strong>waist belt</strong> added to the uniform had a brass plate or buckle that was stamped with “U.S.” and filled with lead in the back to give it weight. An attached black leather
<strong>percussion cap pouch</strong> contained primers for the rifle or musket. A sewn-in strip of sheep’s wool kept musket caps from falling out. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 4 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
<div class="item-model-group">
<div class="modal fade" id="f04-Modal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f04-Modal01title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>Soldiers sent to Europe as part of the AEF received the soft cloth <strong>overseas cap</strong>, which was based on British and French designs. They could carry it in a pocket when wearing the helmet. (Not pictured)
</p>
<p>U.S. troops initially used the British version of the <strong>M1917 steel helmet</strong> – known as the “Brodie” helmet – but the U.S. was producing and fielding its own copy by 1918. Meant to deflect overhead shell
fragments, the helmet was not bulletproof. It had a rounded crown, flared brim, leather lining and a chin strap that fastened inside it. It was painted a brownish olive green and given a sand texture to make it less
reflective. </p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f04-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<p><strong>M1912/M1917 Service Uniform</strong> made of olive drab wool and cotton liner, the single-breasted service coat had four flapped pockets and five buttons. Its short standing collar hooked and displayed two
discs: One had “U.S.” on it originally and later bore the regimental number; the other had the branch emblem and, generally, the company letter.</p>
<p>Soldiers also were issued <strong>M1916 shirts</strong> – pullover flannel garments in olive drab that each had a collar, two pockets, three buttons on the placket and sleeve reinforcement over the elbows. (Not
pictured)</p>
<p>Men were issued olive drab wool service <strong>breeches</strong>, which fit with the style of the time – flaring out at the thigh, tapering at the knee and fitting tightly at the calf, where they ended with a lace-up
closure.</p>
<p>Called spiral puttees, <strong>leg wraps</strong> were wool cloth strips that were several feet long, wrapped tightly around the top of the boot and extended to just below the knee. Effective in protecting the legs
from underbrush, dirt, mud and more in the trenches, leg wraps replaced canvas leggings.</p>
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<p>(pictured) The ankle-high, lace-up <strong>M1917 trench boots</strong> were made of chrome vegetable-tanned cowhide, rough-side out. They replaced the ineffective russet leather marching shoe and foreign-made boots.
When they proved inadequate under prolonged combat conditions, the Army adopted the <strong>M1918 trench boot</strong> (later known as the Pershing boot), which was made of the same cowhide as the 1917, but was
sturdier and better suited for the trenches. It had hobnails for traction, steel heel plates like a horseshoe and steel toecaps to prevent undue wear. </p>
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<p>Olive drab or khaki in color, the <strong>M1910 Haversack</strong> was a lightweight canvas pack that held an M1910 entrenching tool (shovel, pick-mattock or ax) and cover, meat pan, mess gear, condiment can, extra
clothing, sewing kit and toiletries – although combat troops rarely had all of these items when in action. The M1907 bayonet and scabbard attached to the left side of the haversack flap. A lower extension held
blankets, shelter half, poles and pegs that could quickly be dropped when going into action. </p>
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<p>Soldiers were equipped with the bolt-action <strong>M1903 Springfield Rifle</strong> which held five rounds of .30-caliber ammunition in an internal magazine. The M1905 bayonet, a 16-inch knife that was no longer
triangular, was attached to the gun or carried in a leather and canvas scabbard when not in use. Versions of this rifle continued to be used through the Korean War. </p>
<p>Because of shortages, the M1903 was supplemented with a similar weapon of British design, the <strong>M1917 Enfield Rifle</strong>. It held six rounds and was about a pound lighter than the M1903. The M1917 bayonet
was nearly identical to the M1905 although not interchangeable. </p>
<p>WWI marked the first time the U.S. would use the <strong>M1911 Colt .45-caliber automatic pistol</strong>. M1909 and M1917 .45-caliber revolvers were also used.</p>
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<h4>Bandoleer:</h4>
<p>A khaki cloth bandoleer with a strap so it could be worn over the shoulder, was stitched to form six pockets that would each hold two extra ammo clips. (not pictured) </p>
<h4>M1910 Cartridge Belt:</h4>
<p>A series of straps and metal grommets connected the haversack to the M1910 Cartridge Belt, which helped with weight distribution. The belt was made of webbed cotton canvas and featured a brass buckle. Each side had
five pockets for five-round clips of.30-caliber ammunition. An aluminum kidney-shaped canteen and cup hung from the belt in a canvas cover, along with a newly introduced first aid pouch.</p>
<h4>Gas Mask:</h4>
<p>The British small box respirator contained in a canvas haversack and worn on the chest, was the primary protection against newly introduced chemical warfare (chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas). The snug rubberized
facepiece was connected by a hose to an activated charcoal filter, a concept derived from American coal miners. Soldiers received an American-made version of the gas mask by the end of the war.</p>
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<p>Four African-American infantry regiments deployed overseas and were assigned to the French army for combat service. They retained their primary uniform components (coat, shirt, breeches, leg wraps and boots), but
everything else was generally of French patterns. </p>
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<h4>Cap:</h4>
<p>A soft cloth cap similar to the WWI overseas cap or garrison cap, was used at camp, but not on the front lines. The cap was olive drab wool serge or khaki cotton with piping on the edge of the side flaps, and the
color was dependent on the branch. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1 helmet:</h4>
<p>This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or ability to fire weapons. The olive drab helmet was also
finished with sand/cork to give it a less reflective texture and came with a two-piece webbed chinstrap. It had a separate liner made of plastic impregnated cotton that molded to shape. A canvas webbing suspension
system allowed for a custom fit. Like the WWI helmet, they were meant to deflect shell fragments and were not bulletproof.</p>
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<h3>European Theater of Operations</h3>
<h4>Field Jackets:</h4>
<p>There were two versions of field jackets: the 1941 and 1943. (Pictured) 1943:This darker-colored olive drab cotton-poplin jacket phased out the 1941 version. It was single-breasted with hidden buttons and added two
interior pockets, a detachable hood, a cotton-poplin liner and an internal synching tie to draw it in for a better fit. It was also more wind- and water-resistant. The 1941 olive drab cotton-poplin windbreaker-style
jacket was lined with wool flannel. It had a zipper, a roll collar, buttons and slanted front pockets. It was loose and economical, so it replaced the service coat in the field.</p>
<h4>Overcoats:</h4>
<p>Made of wool melton, a thick, dense fabric with a soft surface. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Service Shirts:</h4>
<p>Button-up style in olive drab wool flannel. The collar was designed to be worn with a necktie. Shirts had two breast pockets and securable cuffs. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>P1937 Trousers:</h4>
<p>Made of olive drab wool serge, these were worn for service and in the field. They were unlined, had a button fly, diagonal side pockets, one pocket in the rear, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. By this
time, breeches were only used by mounted cavalry soldiers. </p>
<h4>M1943 Trousers:</h4>
<p>Issued in the middle of the war, these unlined cotton poplin trousers were a darker shade of olive drab. Adjustment tabs were added to the ankles and waist, and they could be worn over wool trousers in cold weather.
(Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1938 Leggings:</h4>
<p>The khaki or olive drab cotton canvas leggings were worn with the field service shoe. They were laced up the side with a cord and secured with hooks and eyelets. An adjustable strap went under the soldier’s instep.
Troops who received combat boots that were issued starting in 1943 no longer needed the leggings. Puttees had also been phased out because there was no more trench warfare. (Not pictured)</p>
<h3>Pacific Theater of Operations</h3>
<div class="yk">
<p>U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, not in Europe, because Germans wore it there. However, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for
jungle and tan scheme for the beach. (Not pictured)</p>
</div>
<h4>Jackets:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab-colored jackets because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. This single-breasted jacket had five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and a
roll collar designed to be worn open at the neck. While herringbone twill was designated a jungle-desert combat outfit, some were issued to troops participating in the Normandy invasion that had added protection from
chemical agents.</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab-colored trousers because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. Unlined, the trousers had a button fly, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside.
Each side had a large flap-secured cargo pocket.</p>
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<p><strong>Field service shoes</strong> were initially ankle-high and made of roughout leather (softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable synthetic rubber. By 1943, the combat service
boot was introduced with these same features, but also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top. Pacific soldiers were also often issued olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots with black rubber soles that were tall
and laced in the front using hooks and eyelets. </p>
<p><strong>Shoe Pacs</strong> were rubber boots issued for winter climates and worn with a felt liner insert to wick out water. These were worn in place of the regular boot. (Not pictured)</p>
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<p>Trigger-finger mittens were introduced. Not many other changes were made to the style of equipment since large quantities of what had been manufactured during WWI were still on hand. </p>
<p>This soldier wears the M1928 <strong>haversack</strong>, which was nearly identical to the M1910 version, with the addition of a few quick-release buckles.</p>
<p>The M1910 <strong>entrenching tool</strong> from WWI is attached. There’s also a M1936 <strong>Musette bag</strong> for extra storage.</p>
<p>Metal grommets attached to the straps of the haversack and could attach to more equipment such as the <strong>M1910 aluminum canteen and cup</strong>, their cotton canvas cover and the <strong>M1910 first aid packet
and pouch</strong>.</p>
<p>The new <strong>M1945 Combat & Cargo Pack</strong> also came out but was issued only in limited numbers by war’s end. It was two pieces that could be worn together or separately. (Not pictured)</p>
<p>Since chemical warfare was expected after WWI, many variations were fielded during WWII. The M2A1 & M2A2 series <strong>gas masks</strong> (not pictured) and the M3 lightweight gas mask were used during the early
part of the war. Each mask connected to a filter canister by a hose. In 1944, D-D ay troops were among those issued the M5 assault gas mask in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter canister screwed directly into the
cheek of the facepiece and became the pattern for the development of postwar gas masks.</p>
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<p>Newer firepower was introduced although soldiers continued to use variations of the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI.</p>
<h4>M1 Garand .30-caliber rifle:</h4>
<p>Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semi-automatic rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. An expendable “en bloc” steel clip held eight rounds of ammo each.
</p>
<h4>M1 .30-caliber carbine:</h4>
<p>This lightweight carbine was used by rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned officers and specialist troops. The carbine used a shorter, less powerful .30-caliber cartridge with a 15-round magazine.</p>
<h4>Bayonets:</h4>
<p>The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI. Then came a new version, the M1942, which was also 16 inches but had plastic grips instead of wood, an anti-corrosion coating on the
metal and a cotton scabbard. In 1943, a 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created and remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match.</p>
<h4>Additional weapons:</h4>
<p>Machete-like bolo knives, Colt. 45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning Automatic Rifles and the M3A1 submachine gun.</p>
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<p>A six-pocket cloth <strong>bandoleer</strong> carried with a strap over the shoulder was used for M1 Garand and M1903 rifle .30-caliber ammunition clips.</p>
<p>The <strong>M1923 Dismounted Cartridge Belt</strong> provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 more eight-round en bloc clips for the M1 Garand rifle.</p>
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<h4>Cap:</h4>
<p>While this soft cloth cap was similar in appearance to the WWI overseas cap, it was now known as the garrison cap and worn at camp but not on the front lines. It was olive drab wool serge or khaki cotton. There was
piping on the edge of the side flaps and the color was branch-dependent. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1 helmet:</h4>
<p>This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or ability to fire weapons. Olive drab in color, it was also
finished with sand or cork for a less reflective texture. The helmet featured a two-piece webbed chinstrap and had a separate liner made of plastic impregnated cotton that molded to shape. A canvas webbing suspension
system allowed for a custom fit. The M1941 <strong>wool knit cap</strong> was sometimes worn underneath the helmet.</p>
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<h3>European Theater of Operations</h3>
<h4>Field jackets:</h4>
<p>There were two versions of field jackets: the 1941 and 1943. (Pictured) 1943:This darker-colored olive drab cotton-poplin jacket phased out the 1941 version. It was single-breasted with hidden buttons and added two
interior pockets, a detachable hood, a cotton-poplin liner and an internal synching tie to draw it in for a better fit. It was also more wind- and water-resistant. The 1941 olive drab cotton-poplin windbreaker-style
jacket was lined with wool flannel. It had a zipper, a roll collar, buttons and slanted front pockets. It was loose and economical, so it replaced the service coat in the field</p>
<h4>Overcoats:</h4>
<p>Made of wool melton, the overcoat was of thick, dense fabric with a soft surface. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Service shirts:</h4>
<p>Button-up style in olive drab wool flannel, the shirts had two breast pockets and securable cuffs. The collar was designed to be worn with a necktie. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>P1937 Trousers:</h4>
<p>Made of olive drab wool serge, these were worn for service and in the field. The button fly, unlined trousers had diagonal side pockets, one pocket in the rear, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. At that
time, breeches were only used by mounted cavalry soldiers. </p>
<h4>M1943 Trousers:</h4>
<p>Issued during the middle of the war, the M1943 trousers were an unlined darker shade of olive drab made of cotton poplin. Adjustment tabs were added to the ankles and waist and they could be worn over wool trousers in
cold weather. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1938 Leggings:</h4>
<p>The khaki or olive drab cotton canvas leggings were worn with the field service shoe.They were laced up the side with a cord and secured with hooks and eyelets. An adjustable strap went under the soldier’s instep.
Troops who received combat boots that were issued starting in 1943, no longer needed the leggings. Puttees had also been phased out because there was no more trench warfare. (Not pictured) </p>
<h3>Pacific Theater of Operations</h3>
<div class="yk">
<p>U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, NOT in Europe, because Germans wore it there. However, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for
jungle and tan color scheme for the beach. (Not pictured)</p>
</div>
<h4>Jackets:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab jackets because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. This single-breasted jacket had five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and a roll
collar that was designed to be worn open at the neck. While herringbone twill was designated a jungle-desert combat outfit, some were issued to troops participating in the Normandy Invasion that had added protection from
chemical agents.</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab trousers because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. They were unlined and had a button fly, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. Each side had
a large flap-secured cargo pocket.</p>
</div>
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<p>Field service shoes were initially ankle-high and made of roughout leather (softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable synthetic rubber. By midwar, the <strong>M1943 combat service
boot</strong> was introduced with these same features, but also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top. Pacific soldiers were also often issued olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots with black rubber soles. They
were tall and laced in the front using hooks and eyelets. </p>
<p><strong>Shoe Pacs</strong> was a rubber boots were issued for winter climates and were to be worn with a felt liner insert to wick out water. These were to be used in place of the regular boot. (Not pictured)</p>
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<p>Trigger-finger mittens were introduced and there were few changes made to the style of equipment since large quantities of what had been manufactured during WWI were still on hand. This soldier wears a
<strong>bedroll</strong>. The <strong>M1943 entrenching shovel</strong> had a triangular front edge and folding steelhead that could lock at various degrees.</p>
<p>The new <strong>M1945 combat and cargo pack</strong> (Not pictured) that was in two parts that could be worn separately was also released, but it was issued in limited numbers by war’s end.</p>
<p>Since chemical warfare was expected after WWI, many variations were fielded during WWII. The M2A1 and M2A2 series <strong>gas masks</strong> (not pictured) and the M3 lightweight gas mask were used during the early part
of the war. Each connected to a filter canister by a hose. In 1944, D-Day troops were among those issued the M5 assault gas mask in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter canister screwed directly into the cheek of the
facepiece and became the pattern for the development of postwar gas masks.</p>
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<p>Soldiers used variations of the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI, but newer firepower was also introduced:</p>
<h4>M1 Garand .30-caliber rifle:</h4>
<p>Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semiautomatic rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. It used an expendable “en bloc” steel clip, each holding eight rounds
of ammo.</p>
<h4>M1 .30-cal carbine:</h4>
<p>This lightweight carbine was used by rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned officers and specialist troops. The carbine used a shorter, less powerful .30-caliber cartridge with a 15-round magazine.</p>
<h4>Bayonets:</h4>
<p>The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI. Then came a new version, the M1942, which was also 16 inches but had plastic grips instead of wood, an anticorrosion coating on the metal
and a cotton scabbard. In 1943, a shorter 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created. Remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match and issued.</p>
<h4>Additional weapons:</h4>
<p>Machete-like bolo knives, Colt. 45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning Automatic Rifles and the M3A1 submachine gun.</p>
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<p> The <strong>M1923 dismounted cartridge belt</strong> provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 additional clips for the M1 Garand rifle. Metal grommets attached to the straps of the haversack and could attach to more equipment
if needed, such as the <strong>stainless steel canteen</strong>, its cup, their cotton canvas <strong>cover</strong> and a <strong>first aid pouch</strong>.</p>
<p>The <strong>M6 gas mask carrier</strong> and a six-pocket cloth <strong>bandoleer</strong> were carried over the shoulder for the M1 Garand and M1903 rifle .30-caliber ammunition clips. A <strong>dinner
k-ration</strong> was also carried in the left breast pocket.</p>
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<h4>Cap:</h4>
<p>Similar in appearance to the WWI overseas cap, this soft cloth covering was now known as the garrison cap. Made of olive drab wool serge or khaki cotton, the cap was used in camp, not on the front lines. There was
piping on the edge of the side flaps; its color was branch-dependent. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1 helmet:</h4>
<p>This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or weapon-firing capabilities. Painted olive drab, the helmet was
finished with sand/cork to give it a less reflective texture. It had a canvas webbing suspension system to custom-fit the head, a separate liner made of plastic impregnated cotton that molded to shape and a two-piece
webbed chinstrap.</p>
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<h4>Herringbone twill:</h4>
<p>material was prevalent in both the European and Pacific theaters in Olive Drab No. 7 shade. It was used for jackets and trousers because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. A one-piece coverall was an option
for fatigue and field use, but it wasn’t very useful in the field. Troops preferred the two-piece.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, not in Europe, because Germans wore it there. Still, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for the
jungle and a tan scheme for the beach.</p>
</div>
<h4>Jackets:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab-colored jackets because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. These single-breasted jackets had five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and
roll collars that were designed to be worn open at the neck. Herringbone twill was designated a jungle-desert combat outfit, though some with added protection from chemical agents were issued to troops participating in
the Normandy invasion.</p>
<h4>Trousers:</h4>
<p>Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab-colored trousers because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. The trousers were unlined and had a button fly, belt loops and suspender buttons on the
inside. Each side had a large flap-secured cargo pocket.</p>
<h4>M1938 Leggings:</h4>
<p>Puttees, which wrapped around the lower leg, had been phased out with the end of trench warfare. M1938 leggings, made of khaki or olive drab cotton canvas, laced up the side with a cord and were secured with hooks and
eyelets. They were worn with the field service shoe and had an adjustable strap that went under a soldier’s instep. Troops that received combat boots, which were issued beginning in 1943, no longer needed these leggings.
</p>
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<p><strong>Field service shoes</strong> initially were ankle-high and made of roughout leather (softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable synthetic rubber. By 1943, the combat service
boot was introduced with these same features, and also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top. Pacific soldiers often also received tall olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots that laced in the front using hooks
and eyelets and had black rubber soles (not pictured).</p>
<p><strong>Shoe Pacs</strong> were rubber boots issued for winter climates and worn with a felt liner insert to wick out water. These were worn in place of the regular boot. (Not pictured)</p>
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<p>Other than the introduction of trigger-finger mittens, few changes were made to the style of field equipment issued, since large quantities of equipment manufactured during WWI were still on hand. This soldier wears the
M1928 <strong>haversack</strong>, which was nearly identical to the M1910 version, with the addition of a few quick-release buckles. He has the M1910 <strong>entrenching tool</strong> and the late-issue <strong>M5
assault gas mask</strong> in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter canister screwed directly into the cheek of the facepiece and became the pattern for the development of postwar gas masks.</p>
<p>Metal grommets attached to the straps of the haversack and could attach to more equipment if needed, such as the <strong>M1910 aluminum canteen and cup</strong>, their cotton canvas cover and the <strong>M1924 first aid
packet and pouch</strong>.</p>
<p>The new <strong>M1945 Combat & Cargo Pack</strong> also came out, but it was issued in limited numbers by war’s end. It was two pieces that could be worn together or separately. (Not pictured) </p>
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>Soldiers still used variations of the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI, but newer firepower was also introduced:</p>
<h4>M1 Garand .30-caliber rifle:</h4>
<p>Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semi-automatic rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. It used an expendable “en bloc” steel clip that held eight rounds of
ammunition.</p>
<h4>M1 .30-cal carbine: </h4>
<p>Rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned officers and specialist troops used this lightweight carbine, which took a 15-round magazine.</p>
<h4>Bayonets:</h4>
<p>The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI. Then came a new version, the M1942, which was still 16 inches but had plastic grips instead of wood, an anti-corrosion coating on the
metal and a cotton scabbard. In 1943, a shorter 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created. Remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match and issued.</p>
<h4>Additional weapons:</h4>
<p>Machete-like bolo knives, Colt .45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning automatics and M3A1 submachine guns.</p>
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<p>The <strong>M1923 Dismounted Cartridge Belt</strong> provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 clips of .30-caliber ammunition for the M1 Garand Rifle. </p>
</div>
</div>
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</div> <!-- ITEM 6 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<h4>M1 Helmet: </h4>
<p>This was the same helmet used in WWII. However, many of the helmets in storage had been sold at a surplus, creating a shortage for Korea. Manufacturing of new helmets began in 1951.</p>
<h4>Caps:</h4>
<p>Soldiers wore the <strong>M1943 & M1951 Pile Field Caps</strong> among other caps in Korea. Designed for wet, cold winter conditions, the pile caps were soft, olive drab cotton poplin with wool lining, and had
turn-up visors and ear flaps of synthetic fur-like material that could be worn up or down. They were meant to be worn under the M1 combat helmet. </p>
<p>Other caps included the herringbone twill fatigue cap for work duty in temperate weather, the M1943 cotton field cap worn during dry, cold winters and the M1951 lightweight windproof cotton field cap with rounded visor
and retractable earflaps for all environments.</p>
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<p>The <strong>M1943 field jacket</strong>, herringbone twill jacket, <strong>M1943 trousers</strong> and herringbone twill trousers were the same as in World War II, in the darker olive drab shade. Most soldiers wore the
M1943 field jacket until the introduction of the M1951 version during the war. Made of cotton poplin, the M1951 jacket was mostly the same as its predecessor, but with a zippered front instead of buttons and a detachable
mohair frieze liner for extra warmth.</p>
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<p>The <strong>M1943 combat boots</strong> and shoe pacs from WWII were issued until those stocks were exhausted, at which point soldiers received the M1949 version – a high lace-up russet leather boot with rubber heels
and soles. In 1951, the insulated rubber combat boot, known as the “Mickey Mouse,” was issued to replace the combat boots and shoepacs. </p>
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<p>Much of the gear remained the same as in WWII. The <strong>M1945 Combat and Cargo Pack</strong> also was used in Korea, but was a darker olive drab. The pack consisted of three components:</p>
<p>The OD canvas <strong>combat pack </strong>carried essential items like food, tools, clothing and other personal items (pictured here). It also had attachments to carry an entrenching shovel and M1 bayonet. Web straps
held a sleeping bag, parka or overcoat.</p>
<p>The OD canvas <strong>field cargo pack </strong>(not pictured) attached to the bottom of the combat pack using three web straps and held the shelter half, poles and pegs, spare clothing and personal items. It also had a
suitcase-like handle, allowing it to be both carried separately and quickly dropped when going into action. Cotton web <strong>pack suspenders</strong> could hold the combat pack or, using metal spring clips, support the
weight of the WWII-era cartridge belt.</p>
<p> <strong>The M9A1 Field Protective Mask </strong>(not pictured) issued after 1951 was a light gas mask with a rubber-molded facepiece, laminated glass, aluminum eyepieces and a filter canister that screwed onto the
mask’s left cheek. It came with an olive drab cotton canvas carrier bag.</p>
<p>As in WWII, troops in Korea used the M1943 <strong>entrenching shovels</strong>, which had a triangular front edge and folding steel head that could lock at various degrees. Also issued was the M1951, which was
identical to the M1943 except for the addition of a short folding pick blade.</p>
<p>Soldiers received the same canteens, covers and cups as in WWII. The first aid pouch was mostly the same, as was the bandoleer, which now held clips for the M1. </p>
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<h4>M1 Garand .30-caliber rifle:</h4>
<p>This rifle was still widely issued, as were most other WWII weapons. The Thompson submachine gun, however, was replaced by the M2 Carbine.</p>
<h4>M1 Knife Bayonet: </h4>
<p>This 10-inch knife blade bayonet replaced the prior 16-inch versions at the end of WWII. </p>
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<h4>Overcoats:</h4>
<p>Overcoats were a dark olive drab cotton poplin with a snow-colored reversible side for camouflage. It closed with a zipper and buttons, had four front pockets and a fixed hood with a removable liner.</p>
<h4>M1951 Parka:</h4>
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-md-8">
<p>Parkas had an olive green cotton canvas outer shell with a fur-lined hood and detachable mohair frieze liner for extra insulation. They could be worn over the field jacket in very cold conditions and were supposed
to be issued instead of overcoats, but front line troops often complained they weren’t getting them.</p>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-md-4"> <img src="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jan/28/2002572450/-1/-1/0/210128-D-ZZ999-701.PNG" alt="parka" style="display: block; margin: auto; width: 250px;"> </div>
</div>
<h4>Ponchos:</h4>
<p>Olive drab ponchos were made of nylon twill coated in vinyl resin for waterproofing. The lightweight poncho was more practical than a raincoat in the field because it could be used as a groundsheet or to cover gear. A
hooded version was authorized by September 1951.</p>
<h4>Handwear:</h4>
<p>Black, water-resistant leather gloves had wool-nylon blend inserts that could be worn on either hand. Trigger-finger mittens with inserts were also issued. The mittens had a strap and loop to stow the trigger finger if
needed, and the back of the glove was lined with insulation. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Undergarments:</h4>
<p>To combat the frigid temperatures in Korea, soldiers by 1951 were issued cotton-wool blend undershirts, shrink-resistant wool-nylon blend field shirts, wool boot socks to go over regular socks, crisscrossed suspenders
and cotton-wool long underwear. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>M1951 Wool and Field Trousers:</h4>
<p>Olive green wool serge trousers had a waistband with belt loops, suspender straps, waist adjustment straps and four pockets. The field trousers were an olive green cotton poplin shell worn over the wool trousers in wet,
frigid conditions. A detachable mohair frieze liner could be attached inside the shell for added warmth. (Not pictured)</p>
<p>Mufflers made of wool were sometimes issued. (Not pictured)</p>
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<h4>M1952A Armor Body Fragmentation Protective Vest:</h4>
<p>The Army and Marines began testing combat body armor in Korea in 1951. While Marines standardized one vest, the Army developed a superior one. This model, the M1952A, was 8½ pounds, with 12 layers of ballistic nylon in
an olive green cover. It was adjustable and had two chest pockets and a thin strip of webbing to carry grenades. The M1952A was issued to troops through the end of the war, except for a few months when production
problems resulted in the Marine Corps vest being provided instead. (Not pictured)</p>
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</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 7 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<h4>M1 Helmet:</h4>
<p>The M1 steel helmet and liner were virtually the same as those used in World War II, and many of those helmets were still in use. In 1969, new liners made of ballistic nylon with removable suspension began replacing the
older pattern liners.</p>
<p>Cotton camouflage covers were prevalent in a design known as the "Mitchell" pattern. They were reversible, with leaf camouflage in green colors on one side and brown colors on the other. The covers had buttonholes for
inserting natural foliage for additional camouflage, and an olive green elastic camouflage helmet band that could hold items such as insect repellent bottles.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>The Mitchell pattern camouflage helmet cover was worn until the Woodland pattern for the Battle Dress Uniform replaced it in the early 1980s. </p>
</div>
<p>The <strong>Tropical Hat</strong>, also known as the <strong>Boonie Hat</strong>, was made of olive green shade 107 cotton cloth and had a 2½-inch wide brim with a flat-top crown. It featured an adjustable nylon lace
chinstrap, two half-inch screened ventilation eyelets on each side and a ¾-inch nylon-webbing headband for inserting natural camouflage.</p>
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<p> Commonly known as jungle fatigues, the tropical combat uniform evolved over time but the basic features remained the same. </p>
<h4>Tropical Combat Jacket:</h4>
<p>The jacket was made of a tightly woven, lightweight, cotton twill material and later cotton ripstop, in olive green shade 107. It was a bush-style design with two slanted bellows-type chest pockets with button flaps and
two lower bellows pockets with button flaps below the waist. Olive green shade 107 cotton T-shirts were also commonly worn in the hot weather, replacing white T-shirts worn early in the war. </p>
<h4>Utility Shirt: </h4>
<p>Between 1965 and 1967, the utility uniform was the primary combat clothing worn in Vietnam. The shirt, originally called a jacket, was made of olive green shade 107 cotton sateen. Initially, it was single-breasted with
a fall collar, two patch chest pockets with button flaps, a straight bottom and plain sleeves. (Not pictured)</p>
<h4>Tropical Combat Trousers:</h4>
<p>The trousers were also made of a tightly woven, lightweight, cotton twill material and later cotton ripstop, in olive green shade 107. They had two front pockets, two rear pockets and two bellows-type cargo pockets on
the legs. The trousers had a button fly and a drawcord at the bottom of each leg for protection from insects.</p>
<h4>Utility Shirt and Trousers: </h4>
<p>Between 1965 and 1967, the utility uniform was the primary combat clothing worn in Vietnam. The shirt, originally called a jacket, was made of olive green shade 107 cotton sateen. Initially, it was single-breasted with
a fall collar, two patch chest pockets with button flaps, a straight bottom and plain sleeves. The matching utility trousers had two front patch pockets, two rear pockets with buttoned flaps, hemmed bottoms and a button
fly. (Not pictured)</p>
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<p><strong>ERDL Camouflage Pattern</strong>, also known as the “Leaf” pattern, was a combination of dark green, light green, brown and black shades. Only Special Forces and special operations troops wore this
pattern, which was developed in 1948 by the Engineer Research and Development Lab and first used in 1967 in Vietnam. It was issued in both cotton poplin and ripstop fabric for the Tropical Combat Uniform.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-md-4"> <img src="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jan/28/2002572441/-1/-1/0/210128-D-ZZ999-801.PNG" alt="ERDL Camo" style="display: block; margin: auto;"> </div>
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<p>The Army started with Pattern 1956 Combat Boots, which were a high, lace-up boot with rubber heels and rubber soles. Because they didn’t work well in the humid jungle environment, the <strong>Tropical Combat Boot
(jungle boots)</strong> quickly replaced them. These boots had canvas tongues and upper parts, which was more breathable and dried faster than leather. They had a vibram-type rubber tread and later, a Panama-style sole
with fatter tread and nylon to support the ankles. Steel plates were added to soles to mitigate wounds caused by punji sticks - simple spikes, made out of wood or bamboo</p>
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<p><strong>The M1956 Load-Carrying Equipment</strong> was made of olive drab shade 7 cotton web canvas. The set was a complete replacement for the personal field equipment used during World War II and the Korean War. Each
of the add-on components has a unique metal slide keeper for attaching to the belt or to other equipment: The set included:</p>
<h4>M1956 Individual Equipment Belt:</h4>
<p>This was a web belt with three rows of eyelets. It could be adjusted in length from both ends and had a ball-type buckle.</p>
<h4>M1956 Combat Suspenders: </h4>
<p>The suspenders were an “H” design and both the front and rear straps had hooks at the end. A metal loop connected to the support strap of an ammunition case. A first-aid pouch or flashlight could also be attached.</p>
<h4>M1961 Combat Field Pack: </h4>
<p>Known as the “Butt Pack,” this pack featured a large storage compartment with a rubberized waterproof lining. Troops typically wore the pack attached to the pistol belt at the center of the back with the suspenders'
rear straps clipped to eyelets at the corners of the bag. </p>
<h4>M1956 First Aid/Compass Case: </h4>
<p>As the name implies, this small case was one of two used to hold either a field compass or the field dressing packet. It had a single slide keeper on the back that attached it to either the belt or the web keeper on the
suspenders. </p>
<h4>Canteen:</h4>
<p>The olive drab plastic polyethylene 1-quart canteen was first produced in 1962 and replaced the M1910 aluminum model. It featured a plastic screw cap with a plastic attaching strap. The <strong>M1956 Canteen
Cover</strong> had felt lining and was designed to carry the 1-quart plastic canteen and stainless steel cup. It was attached to the belt with a pair of slide keepers. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>Soldiers typically wore two or more canteens to ensure they had the proper amount of hydration in Vietnam's tropical, humid climate. </p>
</div>
<p>The <strong>M1951 Combination Entrenching Tool</strong> had a straight wooden handle, folding shovel head and short folding pick blade. The cotton canvas <strong>M1956 Entrenching Tool Cover</strong> could accommodate
either the M1943 shovel or the M1951 combination entrenching tool. A bayonet hanger on the front and slide keepers on the back attached to the belt or rucksack. </p>
<p>The <strong>M1956 Sleeping Bag Carrier</strong> allowed a sleeping bag to be carried on the M1956 Suspenders. The carrier was intended for use with the M-1949 Mountain Sleeping Bag. (Not pictured) </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>In Vietnam, U.S. infantrymen often used the poncho liner in combination with the poncho to create a lightweight sleeping bag. The carrier straps were equally well-suited to this hybrid sleeping equipment.</p>
</div>
<p>In 1967, the nylon/plastic <strong>M1967 Modernized Load-Carrying Equipment</strong> replaced the previous canvas iteration. The new equipment was lighter, more breathable and dried faster. It was mostly issued as
components to go with the M1956 and not often given out as a whole set. (Not pictured)</p>
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<p>The <strong>M16 rifle</strong> was the most-issued weapon. It has been in Army service since 1965. The gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle in 5.56 mm used a 20-round external box magazine. By the end of the war, the
30-round external box magazine was introduced. It was capable of semi-automatic and full-automatic fire.</p>
<p>The M14 rifle also was issued early in the Vietnam War. Like the M16, it was also a gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle using 20-round external box magazines, but fired a more powerful 7.62mm/.308 caliber round. It was
much heavier than the M16 to reduce the recoil of the heavier bullet. It was capable of semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. (Not pictured)</p>
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<h4>M1956 Universal Ammo Case:</h4>
<p>The universal ammunition case was originally designed to hold magazines for the Browning automatic rifle and bandoleers containing six 8-round clips of M1 ammunition. In Vietnam, the 20-round M16 magazines proved too
short for the universal pouch and as a result, a sock was often put in the bottom to raise the magazines up for faster retrieval. A shorter M1956 M16A1 ammo case was introduced to solve the problem. Both cases attached
to the pistol belt via two slide keepers. They both had a supporting strap that clipped to the metal loop on the suspenders and straps on both sides for attaching hand grenades.</p>
<h4>M3 Bandoleer:</h4>
<p>The olive green cotton M3 bandoleer had seven pockets, each designed to have a cardboard sleeve that held a 10-round clip of 5.56 mm ammunition for the M16 rifle. In Vietnam, troops would often carry a 20-round M16
magazine in each of the bandoleer's seven pockets and would frequently carry two or three on field operations.</p>
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<p>Soldiers used the <strong>M1952A Fragmentation Protective Vest</strong>, an improved version of the body armor used in the Korean War, throughout the Vietnam War. The protective vest was made of 12 layers of
ballistic nylon in an olive green nylon cover. The cover was fitted with epaulettes and a concealed frontal zipper covered by a flap. There were lace-up adjustments on each side and two patch cargo chest pockets.
Thin strips of webbing stitched above each pocket were to be used as grenade carriers. (Not pictured)</p>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-md-6"> <img src="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jan/28/2002572453/-1/-1/0/210128-D-ZZ999-601.PNG" alt="M1952A Fragmentation Protective Vest"
style="display: block; margin: auto; padding-bottom: 15px;"> </div>
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<p>The <strong>M1969 Fragmentation Protective Vest</strong> improved upon the M1952A design by adding a ¾-inch collar and eliminating the original shoulder epaulets. (Not pictured) </p>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-md-6"> <img src="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jan/28/2002572433/-1/-1/0/210128-D-ZZ999-101.PNG" alt="M1969 Fragmentation Protective Vest"
style="display: block; margin: auto; padding-bottom: 15px;"> </div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 8 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<h4>Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT) Helmet</h4>
<p>The helmet was ballistic fiberglass, trademarked as Kevlar, to protect from bullets and fragmenting munitions. The helmet's profile was smaller to fit the head better, with ear protection and better visibility. Inside
was an integrated strap suspension system. Soldiers wore either the “Chocolate Chip” or Woodland pattern helmet covers.</p>
<div class="yk">
<p>Kevlar paved the way for radical changes in protective helmets and body armor. It is much stronger than steel, lightweight and ultra protective. Earlier Kevlar designs provided low-velocity protection. </p>
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<p><strong>The Desert Battle Dress Uniform</strong> was a six-color, unified set that included a coat, trousers, field cap and helmet. The DBDUs were made of 50/50 cotton-nylon blend fabric. The cut was an upgrade from the
uniform worn in Vietnam. The coat pockets were horizontal rather than slanted. As during the Vietnam War, the cargo-style trousers had large pockets on the left and right sides and drawstring pant legs. </p>
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<p>Troops wore a combination of Woodland and desert-style BDUs. Woodland camouflage was developed in the 1970s and used in jungle and European operations, replacing ERDL camo. It had a large-leaf four-color pattern
with four pockets that had concealed buttons. They were either 100% cotton or 50/50 nylon-cotton.</p>
</div>
<div class="dgov-col-md-6"> <img src="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jan/28/2002572439/-1/-1/0/210128-D-ZZ999-901.PNG" alt="Woodland camouflage" style="display: block; margin: auto; margin-bottom: 25px;"> </div>
</div>
<div class="yk">
<p>The six-color “Chocolate Chip” design lasted until about 1993. The “Chocolate Chip” camouflage pattern was developed using the deserts of the southwestern United States as a model. When troops arrived in the Middle
East, the pattern was not practical in the Middle Eastern desert backdrop. The three-color Desert Camouflage Uniform replaced it in the early 1990s and remained in use in desert environments until the mid-2000s.</p>
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<p>Soldiers commonly wore either the all-black leather boots, olive drab nylon-canvas and leather jungle boots or the tan, nylon-canvas and leather desert boots.</p>
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<p>The basic concept of the equipment had not changed since the M1967 gear used in Vietnam.</p>
<p>The <strong>All-purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment</strong>, or ALICE, was introduced in 1972. It included nylon Y-shaped suspenders and a nylon equipment belt and was designed for use in all
environments. ALICE could still be intermixed with the M1956/1967 gear. </p>
<p>Some elements of ALICE lasted into the early part of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. </p>
<p>The <strong>M17A2 Gas Mask</strong> was very similar to the M17 issued in Vietnam. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>In addition to the gas mask, some troops were issued Mission Oriented Protective Posture, or MOPP, suits, which were protective outer garments worn in chemical warfare. </p>
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<p>The <strong>M16A2</strong> was the primary weapon used by front-line soldiers. It had a heavier barrel to accommodate a heavier 5.56 mm bullet and used 30-round magazines. The M16A2 had a semi-automatic and three-round
burst.</p>
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<p><strong>Fragmentation Protective Vest, Ground Troops</strong> (not pictured) is part of the PASGT system. It is made of spun Kevlar. The vest shell was either a Woodland or six-color desert scheme pattern. It was
designed to stop low-velocity shrapnel and fragments but lacked the ballistic capability to stop high-velocity bullets. </p>
</div>
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</div> <!-- ITEM 9A MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT) Helmet</h4>
<p>The helmet was ballistic fiberglass, trademarked as Kevlar, to protect from bullets and fragmenting munitions. The helmet's profile was smaller to fit the head better, with ear protection and better visibility. Inside
was an integrated strap suspension system. Soldiers wore either the “Chocolate Chip” or Woodland pattern helmet covers.</p>
<p>Kevlar paved the way for radical changes in protective helmets and body armor. It is much stronger than steel, lightweight and ultra protective. Earlier Kevlar designs provided low-velocity protection. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>From 2001 to 2005, soldiers wore a mixture of Woodland BDU pattern gear and the new <strong>Desert Camouflage Uniform</strong> pattern gear. The DCU had only three colors instead of the DBDU’s six. The DCUs were made of
ripstop fabric in a 50/50 cotton-nylon blend. The trousers were cargo-style.</p>
<h4>Gloves:</h4>
<p><strong>Combat Vehicle Crewman</strong>, or CVC, gloves provided flame-retardant hand protection.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09-Modal03title">Footwear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The Army changed over to a new nylon and leather, desert-colored jungle boot.</p>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The <strong>Enhanced Tactical Load Bearing Vest</strong> was issued beginning in 1995. The ETLBV was one-size-fits-all, had four inward slanting <strong>Magazine Pouches </strong>that could carry a total of six 30-round
magazines, two grenade pouches, mesh panels for more breathability, and two quick-release buckles in the front. Lower straps from the ETLBV secured the <strong>Equipment Belt </strong>(not pictured). Canteens and other
equipment could be attached to the belt.</p>
<h4>Gas Mask: (Not pictured) </h4>
<p>The <strong>M40 </strong>and <strong>M50</strong> Joint Service General Protective Masks (as part of the Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology) </p>
</div>
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<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4> M4 and M4A1 Carbine: </h4>
<p> The M4 was a lighter, shortened version of the M16 rifle. First issued in the mid-1990s, the M4 was more prevalent during the initial years of OEF/OIF than the M16A2. It has a semi-automatic and three-round burst. </p>
</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09-Modal06title">Body Armor</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4> Outer Tactical Vest (OTV): </h4>
<p> In 1999, the military introduced the <strong>Interceptor Body Armor</strong>, or IBA, also known as the <strong>Outer Tactical Vest</strong>. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p> It was the first Army body armor issued across the Army that was designed to stop high-velocity bullets. </p>
</div>
<p> Previous vests featured layers of nylon material designed to stop low-velocity shrapnel and fragments. </p>
<p>The IBA had bullet-stopping capabilities superior to PASGT. The outer shell protected against fragments and low-velocity rounds and could be integrated with the ETLBV system. <strong>Small Arms Protective
Inserts</strong> are rigid ceramic composite plates with an outer layer of Kevlar or similar material that are inserted into the front and back pockets of the vest, giving the vest greater capacity to stop rifle
rounds. </p>
<p>IBA also could be fitted with additional parts to extend protection: a groin protector, the Deltoid Axillary Protection System (made of four components for the shoulder areas), a throat protector, and a yoke and collar.
The pieces could be mixed and matched as needed for the mission or by soldier preference. However, these components were not bulletproof. </p>
<p>The vest was issued in various camo patterns. It included the Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) system. The MOLLE pocket attachment system is a webbing grid on the front and back that could accommodate
holsters, pouches and other gear. Equipment could now be attached in whatever configuration the soldier needed. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 9B MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal01title">Headgear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> <strong>Advanced Combat Helmet</strong>, or ACH, was based on the PASGT helmet and went through a few changes. The helmet reduced the area covering the ears and eyes, significantly decreasing its weight. It had
increased bullet protection and more head mobility, and included a pad suspension system and four-point chinstrap. It could interface with tactical headsets and microphones and included a mounting bracket for night
vision goggles. </p>
<p><strong>Military Combat Eye Protection</strong>, or MCEP, included a number of ballistic masks and goggles designed to protect the eyes of soldiers against shrapnel, UV rays, lasers, dust and wind. </p>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The <strong>Army Combat Uniform</strong>, or ACU, replaced the Battle Dress and Desert Camouflage uniforms and became standard issue in 2005. It was issued in two different camouflage patterns based on the area of
deployment: the Universal Camouflage Pattern and later the Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern. The set includes ripstop trousers, a coat, a patrol cap and moisture-wicking T-shirt and socks. The Universal
Camouflage Pattern was the Army's digitally-based camouflage, a gray, tan and foliage-green pixelated blend. Most ACUs had hook-and-loop fasteners except the coat, which had a zipper. The Army eventually replaced most of
the hook-and-loop closures with buttons for current-day uniforms. </p>
<p>The <strong>coat</strong> initially had a Mandarin collar and a zipper covered with hook-and-loop fasteners. There were several pockets with hook-and-loop closures. The name and Army tape attached above the front
pockets were removable. </p>
<p>2015 brought several changes based on soldiers' feedback: The Mandarin collar was removed; buttons replaced Velcro except on unit shoulder sleeve insignia; name and Army tapes and rank insignia could now be sewn on; in
lieu of Velcro, cord and barrel locks on pockets were removed; and the pen pocket on the sleeve went from three to two slots. </p>
<p>The <strong>trousers</strong> had four cargo pockets: one on each ankle and one on each thigh. The trousers had reinforced knees and the shirts had reinforced elbows; these reinforced areas could be fitted with foam
protection pads. Trousers also included a drawstring leg cuff. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>When the ACU was introduced, there were about 20 significant updates to the uniform that separated it from the DCU, DBDU and BDUs. </p>
</div>
<p>Separate <strong>knee and elbow pads</strong> became standard issue. Elbow and knee pad pouches were later added to the coat and trousers. </p>
<p>The <strong>Flight Glove</strong> is a short aramid and leather glove that allowed maximum dexterity and protected hands from fire, cuts and other injuries. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal03title">Footwear</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The <strong>Army Combat Boot (ACB)</strong> is a lightweight, waterproof, fireproof and breathable combat boot made of high-grade nylon and used in temperate weather. The soles provide grip in mountainous terrain. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>The UCP ACU, made out of a breathable flame resistant fabric, was also known as the FR-ACU. Flame resistant uniforms previously were only issued to aircrew and armored vehicle personnel. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal04title">Equipment</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The <strong>Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment</strong>, or MOLLE, system was introduced in 1997 but wasn’t issued widely until 2003. Issued first in Woodland and then Desert camo, the MOLLE was switched to the
Universal Camouflage Pattern in 2006. In 2009, the MOLLE OCP/Multicam was issued to soldiers deployed to Afghanistan. Beginning in 2015, it was issued to all soldiers after UCP was discontinued for combat zones. </p>
<p>MOLLE is a fully integrated, modular load-bearing system consisting of a load-bearing vest with butt pack, main ruck with sustainment pouches and sleeping bag compartment attached to an external frame. The MOLLE system
allows for versatility and greater load distribution. All the equipment that would normally be carried on suspenders or pistol belts can be attached in whatever configuration the individual soldier wants. Attached gear
includes a <strong>canteen, first aid pouch and ammo pouches.</strong> </p>
<p>The <strong>CamelBak Hydration Bladder</strong> system supplemented the one-quart and two-quart canteens to provide an alternative hydration method. It is a plastic water bladder connected to a length of hose that fits
into an insulated bag that can be strapped on the carrier's back or attached to a rucksack. Soldiers can easily drink from the bite valve while on the move. </p>
<div class="yk">
<p>CamelBak was developed by bike racers who needed hydration on the move but could not slow down to use a bottle or other water source. </p>
</div>
<h4>M40 and M50 Gas Mask:</h4>
<p>The new gas mask had the same basic design, with improved field of vision glasses and ballistic capability. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f09b-Modal05" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f09b-Modal05title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal05title">Weapons</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>M4 and M4A1 Carbines:</h4>
<p>The M4 was a lighter, shortened version of the M16 rifle. First issued in the mid-1990s, it was more prevalent than the M16A2 during the initial years of OEF/OIF. The M4 has a four position adjustable stock and is
capable of semiautomatic fire and three-round burst. The improved M4 Carbine incorporated a new rail system to allow attachments of various types such as a laser pointer, flashlight, shotgun and grenade launcher. </p>
<p>In 2010 the Army decided to only issue the M4A1, which has semiautomatic and fully automatic firing modes. Existing M4s were upgraded to M4A1.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f09b-Modal06" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f09b-Modal06title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal06title">Body Armor</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>In 2007, the Army introduced the <strong>Improved Outer Tactical Vest</strong>, or IOTV, which provided increased protection over the OTV. Improvements included a side-opening, built-in quick-release system. Other new
features included a ballistic collar, quick release assembly cord, front plate carrier, rear plate carrier, groin protector, lower back protector and elastic cummerbund assembly. <strong>Enhanced Small Arms Protective
Inserts</strong>, or ESAPI, plates replaced SAPI beginning in 2005. The rigid ceramic composite plates have an outer layer of Kevlar or similar material that are inserted into the front, back and side pockets of the
vest, giving it greater ballistic protection capabilities against high-velocity rifle rounds.</p>
<p>The <strong>Soldier Plate Carrier System</strong>, or SPCS, debuted in 2009. Its level of protection against high-velocity threats was on par with the IOTV but it allowed for a wider range of motion. The SPCS was
lighter but had fewer flexible panels and less protection against low-velocity fragments. (Not pictured)</p>
<p>IOTV also could be fitted with additional parts such as a groin protector to extend protection. The vest was issued in various camo patterns. It included the Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) system.
The MOLLE pocket attachment system, consisting of a webbing grid on the front and back, could accommodate holsters, pouches and other gear. Equipment could now be attached in whatever configuration the individual soldier
needed. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f09b-Modal07" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f09b-Modal07title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal07title">Equipment</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment, or MOLLE, system was introduced in 1997, but wasn’t issued widely until 2003. Issued in Woodland camo, then the Desert camo, the MOLLE was switched to gray-tone universal
digital color in 2006. In 2009, the MOLLE OCP/Multicam was issued to soldiers deployed to Afghanistan, and to all soldiers beginning in 2015 after UCP was discontinued for combat zones. </p>
<p>MOLLE is a fully integrated, modular load bearing system consisting of a load-bearing vest with butt pack, main ruck with sustainment pouches and sleeping bag compartment attached to an external frame. The MOLLE system
allows for versatility and greater load distribution. So all the equipment that would normally be carried on suspenders can be attached in whatever configuration the individual soldier wants. Attached gear included
canteen, ammo pouches, etc.</p>
<p>Camelbak/hydration bladder: The CamelBak hydration system is the new canteen. It is a plastic water bladder connected to a length of hose that fits into an insulated bag that can be strapped on the carrier's back or
attached to a rucksack.</p>
<p>CamelBak was developed by bike racers who needed hydration on the move but could not slow down to use a bottle or other water source.</p>
<p>M40 and M50 Gas Mask: The new gas mask had the same basic design, with improved field of vision glasses and ballistic capability. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f09b-Modal08" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f09b-Modal08title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f09b-Modal08title">Weaponry</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h4>M4 and M4 A-1 Carbines</h4>
<p>M4 was lighter and a shortened version of the M16 rifle. It was first issued in the mid-1990s and was more prevalent during the initial years of OEF/OIF than the M16A2. The M4 has semi-automatic and three-round burst.
The improved M4 Carbine incorporated a new rail system to allow attachments of various types of electronics and weapons like a laser pointer, flashlight, shotgun, grenade launcher, etc. </p>
<p>In 2010 the Army decided to only issue the M4A1, which has semi-automatic and fully automatic firing modes. Existing M4s were upgraded to M4A1.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- ITEM 10 MODALS--> <!-- DONE -->
<div class="item-model-group">
<div class="modal fade" id="f10-Modal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f10-Modal01title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> <strong>Advanced Combat Helmet</strong>, or ACH, is based on the PASGT helmet with a few changes. The helmet reduced the area covering the ears and eyes, significantly reducing its weight. It has increased bullet
protection, provides more head mobility and includes a pad suspension system and a four-point chinstrap. It also is able to interface with tactical headsets and microphones, and includes a mounting bracket for night
vision goggles.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="f10-Modal02" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="f10-Modal02title" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<h3 class="modal-title" id="f10-Modal02title">Clothing</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button>
</div>
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<div class="modal-body">
<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p> The Army switched to the <strong>Operational Camouflage Pattern</strong> uniform based on soldiers’ feedback about the digital camouflage. Special Forces were already using the OCP design in 2006 in Afghanistan.
Iraq-deployed soldiers had to still wear UCP uniforms. The now-standard issued OCP uniform is still made of 50/50 cotton-nylon blend and ripstop fabric. </p>
<p>The upgraded OCP <strong>Army Combat Uniform Coat</strong> has buttons and a zipper with two slanted breast pockets. The camouflage sleeves are fitted with cargo pockets with Velcro panels, enabling the soldier to wear
identification and infrared identification tags. </p>
<p>The upgraded OCP <strong>Army Combat Uniform Shirt</strong> incorporates a full torso made of coyote-tan, elastic-nylon material for better cooling when wearing body armor. It also has pockets on the sleeves. (Not
pictured) </p>
<p>The upgraded OCP <strong>Army Combat Uniform Trousers</strong> have reinforced areas including the seat and joint areas. Trouser knees can be fitted with rigid pads to protect soldiers against hard surfaces. </p>
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
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<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
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<div class="dgov-grid">
<div class="dgov-col-lg-12 dgov-col-md-12">
<p>The <strong>Army Combat Boot</strong> is a lightweight combat boot used in temperate weather, issued in tan or coyote leather. These are made of high-grade nylon and leather and are waterproof, fireproof and breathable.
Soles provide grip in mountainous terrain. Mountain Combat and Hot Weather boots also are issued for variable climates.</p>
</div>
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</div>
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<li>Emerson, William K., Encyclopedia of the United States Army Insignia and Uniforms, 1996</li>
<li>Cole, David, Survey of U.S. Army, Uniforms, Weapons and Accoutrements, 2007</li>
<li>Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of the Korean War, 1992</li>
<li>Morel, Aurelien, The Uniforms and Gear of the U.S. Army Soldier, 2012</li>
<li>Cox, Michael, www.military.com & www.kitup.military.com [Numerous articles from both websites]</li>
<li>Brayley, Martin J., Modern Body Armour, 2011</li>
<li>Halberstadt, Hans, Battle Rattle: The Stuff a Soldier Carries, 2006</li>
<li>Born, Kevin M, & Barnes, Alexander F., Desert Uniforms, Patches, and Insignia of the US Armed Forces, 2016</li>
<li>Arques, Antonio, Grunt: A Pictorial Report on the US Infantry’s Gear and Life During the Vietnam War 1965-1975, 2014</li>
<li>Tobey, John E., ed, The Columbia Rifles Research Compendium, 2nd Ed., 2006</li>
<li>Brown, Patrick, “For Fatigue Purposes…”: The Army Sack Coat of 1857-1872, 2003</li>
<li>Kochan, James L, & Rickman, David, The United States Army 1812-1815, 2000</li>
<li>Chartrand, René, A Most Warlike Appearance: Uniforms, Flags and Equipment of the United States in the War of 1812, 2011</li>
<li>Chartrand, René, Uniforms and Equipment of the United States Forces in the War of 1812, 1992</li>
<li>Lemons, Charles, Uniforms of the US Army Ground Forces 1939-1945, Volumes 1-3, 2011</li>
<li>Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of the Vietnam War, 1989</li>
<li>Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of World War II, 1991</li>
<li>Werner, Brett, Uniforms, Equipment and Weapons of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, 2006</li>
<li>Schmidt, Peter A., U.S. Military Flintlock Muskets and Their Bayonets: The Early Years, 1790-1815, 2006</li>
<li>Schmidt, Peter A., U.S. Military Flintlock Muskets and Their Bayonets: The Later Years, 1816 Through the Civil War, 2006</li>
<li>Katcher, Philip R.N., Uniforms of the Continental Army, 1981</li>
<li>Reilly, Robert M., United States Martial Flintlocks, 1986</li>
<li>Neuman, George C., Battle Weapons of the American Revolution, 1998</li>
<li>Bartocci, Christopher, Black Rifle II: The M16 Into the 21st Century, 2004</li>
<li>U.S. Army Regulation 670-1, 2005</li>
<li>www.olive-drab.com</li>
<li>“Program Executive Office Soldier Portfolio FY 2017: Ensuring Soldier Dominance,” 2017</li>
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<li>Rodney Foytik, Reference Historian, Research and Instruction, U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center</li>
<li>David Accetta, Chief Public Affairs, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research</li>
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<li><strong>Revolutionary War:</strong> Frederick, Jared </li>
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<li><strong>Civil War (Fatigue):</strong> SPC Spence, Javon</li>
<li><strong>Civil War (Dress):</strong> McConnell, Aaron </li>
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COMMON THREADS
ARMY
Since the U.S. Army's founding on June 14, 1775, its uniforms have evolved to
match military tactics and technology – with warfighters constantly equipped
with gear that increases survivability, mobility and lethality.
Scroll the interactive display below to see how the uniform has changed over
time.
Disclaimer: Over the years, styles, environments, technology and missions
changed. In an attempt to simplify those complex details, we are featuring only
enlisted combat uniforms and their regulation equipment.
Dive In
UNIFORM EVOLUTION
Swipe through the timeline to see how the Army's uniform has evolved. Scroll the
uniform image to rotate the model or click to learn more.
Click through the timeline to see how the Army's uniform has evolved. Use the
scroll bar to rotate the model or click to learn more.
1775-1783
1812-1815
1861-1865
1917-1918
1941-1945
1950-1953
1965-1975
1990-1991
2000-2005
2019-2021
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
REVOLUTIONARY WAR
Continental Army uniforms varied throughout the war because of material
shortages and difficulty transporting goods, but American soldiers generally
wore uniforms similar to the British and French armies – then the elite forces
of the world.
The Army established uniform regulations in 1779 and made efforts to standardize
small arms and equipment, with some success by the end of the war.
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
WAR OF 1812
Army regiments were all outfitted differently during the War of 1812, except for
militia uniforms. Designs continued to follow European military trends and by
1813, lace bindings were no longer featured so regulation uniforms could be mass
produced and quickly distributed to troops.
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
CIVIL WAR
By the middle of the Civil War, military uniforms were mostly standardized for
U.S. troops, known as "regulars," and the state-raised volunteer regiments.
While there was still some variety, a regulation uniform for the enlisted foot
soldier had emerged.
Wool in summer? An Army historian explains
VARIATIONS
* Dress Coat
* Fatigue Blouse
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
Uniform
WORLD WAR I
The turn of the century marked a uniform change for the Army. The M1910 service
uniform, issued for work and field use, was the service's first uniform that was
solely one color. It was olive drab green wool in winter and khaki cotton in
summer – and for the first time, it didn't include a blue coat or trousers. By
the time the U.S. entered World War I, the winter service uniform had become the
standard field/combat choice for the American Expeditionary Forces, or AEF, in
Europe.
Trench Warfare Made Pistols, Knives Important
How African Americans Served In WWI
VARIATIONS
* Frontline Infantry
* French Style
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
WORLD WAR II
World War II was truly global and required multi-environment clothing.
In 1943, for the first time, a new uniform was developed specifically for
combat. Until then, three basic uniforms: a winter wool service uniform, a khaki
cotton summer service uniform and a fatigue (work) uniform, were modified and
improved. As the war progressed, fatigue uniforms made of herringbone twill, or
HBT, also became more prominent in the combat zone.
VARIATIONS
* M1941
* M1943
* HBT
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Winter Gear
Body Armor
KOREAN WAR
Soldiers in Korea used much clothing and equipment consisting of original and
revised patterns from World War II. Given Korea’s rugged, mountainous terrain
and frigid climates, however, it quickly became evident that troops fighting
there needed additional winter clothing.
Why Uniform "Name Tape" IDs Came About
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Front Equipment
Body Armor
VIETNAM WAR
In the decade following the Korean War, from 1954 to 1964, the Army's uniforms,
small arms and equipment changed dramatically.
Due to Vietnam's tropical climate, the field uniforms (jungle fatigues) would be
a new lightweight design. The change of small arms from the M-1 rifle to the
M-14 rifle and later to the M-16A1 rifle resulted in a radical change to the
Army’s field equipment.
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Body Armor
DESERT STORM (GULF WAR)
The push to standardize uniforms for the U.S. armed forces continued in the
years leading up to the Gulf War. The Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU) was
introduced on a large-scale in 1982 as part of a major uniform change. This was
famously known as the "Chocolate Chip" pattern. Technological advances in
materials and body armor added to the safety of troops in war and improved
comfort.
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weaponry
Body Armor
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Body Armor
OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM
At the beginning of the 21st century, the military services began developing
their own warfighting clothing, boots, body armor and equipment. The slight
differences in uniform direction were meant to meet the specific mission of each
service branch.
The Army continued to improve uniform technology throughout the global war on
terror. The Army Combat Uniform, specifically developed for use with body armor,
replaced the Battle Dress Uniform after the ACU's introduction in 2004.
VARIATIONS
* Early 2000s
* Late 2000s
Headgear
Clothing
Footwear
Equipment
Weapons
Body Armor
MODERN
Since operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, advancements continue in
garment material, body armor and equipment. With newer technology, such as
flame-retardant and permethrin-infused clothing, soldiers are further protected
from burns and insect-borne diseases.
HEADGEAR
×
TRICORNE HAT:
This cocked hat was made of black felt and often bound around the edge of the
brim with white wool tape. A white trim of wool tape represented foot troops and
yellow trim represented artillery troops. A black cockade made from ribbon was
attached to the left front, held by a cord and button. This was changed to black
and white when France joined the war in support of the United States.
CLOTHING
×
COATS:
The Continental Army uniform coat was made of dark blue wool – a direct contrast
to the British Army’s red uniforms.
The collar, cuffs and lapels were trimmed with a variety of colors depending on
the region: white for New England; buff for New York and New Jersey; red for the
mid-Atlantic states; and blue for the southern states.
WAISTCOAT (VEST):
Worn under the coat and over the shirt, the waistcoat was generally single
breasted with a standing collar and two small front pockets.
SHIRTS:
Shirts were usually made of coarse, white or natural linen and were long and
loose fitting, with full, long sleeves and a large collar. (Not pictured)
NECK STOCK:
Worn over the shirt collar and fastened around the neck with a buckle, clasp or
tie-string, the neck stock helped soldiers maintain a military posture. They
were typically black and made of woven horsehair, leather or linen.
OVERALLS:
Overalls were usually made of white wool for winter service and white linen for
summer service. Trousers were usually tailored to fit looser and baggier than
breeches.
BREECHES:
A common form of civilian garment, breeches were worn early in the war. Full in
the seat and tight in the leg, the breeches extended just below the knee. They
were often made of wool or linen, and in some cases, leather. (Not pictured)
General George Washington considered overalls to be a superior item of clothing,
and by the end of 1778, they had been adopted by most American regiments,
replacing breeches.
During the first few years of the war, substantial stocks of uniforms were made
in centers, such as Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Charleston. These
uniforms were made of locally woven cloth or cloth imported from France.
FOOTWEAR
×
Shoes were low quarter, black leather with buckles or ties (laces).
There was no distinction between left and right shoes.
EQUIPMENT
×
The most common form of knapsack was a square linen bag with a large flap that
was usually painted to provide protection in damp weather. It was used to hold
spare clothing, personal items and a folded blanket under the flap. (not
pictured)
The haversack was a white, linen bag for carrying food, utensils and small
personal items.
The canteen which was used to carry liquids, usually water, was a round, wooden
“cheese box” drum. It had a wooden stopper and was held by a leather shoulder
strap.
The two crossbelts were usually made of “whitened buff” leather, although tanned
leather or a woven linen was sometimes used.
One of the belts extended from the left shoulder to the right hip and supported
the cartridge box. This was also generally leather, and had a wooden block
inside with holes drilled in the top to hold pre-rolled paper cartridges,
usually about two dozen rounds.
The other belt, which hung in the opposite direction and featured a buckle or
breastplate to adjust length, supported the scabbard for the bayonet. The
blackened, tanned leather scabbard was sized to fit the bayonet's blade.
WEAPONS
×
The British short land service musket, also known as the second model Brown Bess
musket, was a smoothbore, flintlock musket that fired a .75-caliber lead ball.
By the end of the war, the M1766 Charleville provided by French allies was the
most prevalent weapon in the Continental Army’s inventory.
HEADGEAR
×
The “tombstone” shako cap was a tall, black, flat-top cap with a slight
extension at the top. Initially made of felt, it was changed to leather for
better weather protection. A cap plate bore the unit insignia and a white wool
plume. A braided cord with tassels was yellow or white: Yellow represented
artillery, and white was for infantry.
CLOTHING
×
COATEE:
This tight-fitting uniform garment was waist length in front and had short tails
at the back. The single-breasted coatee had 10 metal button closures and a high
standing collar trimmed with white lace. Dark blue was the regulation color, but
due to dye shortages – most dyes came from Europe – gray, brown and green wools
were also used.
At the time, there were no branch colors as we have today. Foot troops used
silver or white trim; all others used gold or yellow trim.
WAISTCOAT:
Also called a vest, it was single-breasted with a tall, standing collar and went
over the shirt and under the coatee. The summer waistcoat was white linen and in
winter, it was wool. (Not pictured)
SHIRTS:
Generally made of course, white or natural linen, shirts were long and loose
fitting with full, long sleeves and a large collar. The shirt also doubled as a
sleeping garment. (Not pictured)
NECK STOCK:
Worn over the shirt collar to help soldiers maintain military posture, neck
stocks were usually black leather and fastened with a brass clasp.
TROUSERS:
Full in the seat with tight legs ending at the ankles, trousers had replaced
both breeches and overalls by the War of 1812. Like the waistcoat, trousers were
white linen for summer and blue, white or gray wool for winter.
GAITERS:
Also called leggings, gaiters served to keep dirt out of the shoes and to
protect the legs in rough terrain. They were worn over trouser legs and stopped
just below the knee. Gaiters were black wool or painted black canvas with a
button closure on the outer side and a strap under the boot.
FOOTWEAR
×
The blackened, tanned leather shoes usually had the rough side facing out. Small
wooden pegs held together the leather soles and the rest of the boot was sewn
together with linen thread.
There was no distinction between the left and right shoes.
EQUIPMENT
×
Soldiers used a linen knapsack to carry spare clothing, personal items and a
folded blanket under the flap, which was painted light blue with the letters
“U.S.” in an oval and secured by three leather straps. Everything that wasn't
worn against the body was painted as a waterproofing technique.
The white linen haversack carried food, utensils and small personal items.
Generally a round, wooden “cheese box” drum, the canteen held liquids, usually
water. It had a wooden stopper and hung from a leather strap, and most were
painted sky blue according to regulations, with white "U.S." letters painted on
the face.
The crossbelts were made of “whitened buff” leather or dyed black. (a more
efficient choice).
The black leather cartridge box contained a wooden block with holes drilled in
the top to hold pre-rolled paper cartridges. Under the block, a tin tray with
three compartments held spare flints, a musket tool and a cleaning rag. A belt
that hung crosswise from the left shoulder supported the weight of the box.
The other belt supported the scabbard for the bayonet and was worn from right
shoulder to left hip. It also featured an oval breast plate used to adjust the
length. The scabbard was made of black leather and was sized to fit the blade of
the bayonet.
WEAPONS
×
M1795 SPRINGFIELD MUSKET:
The first American model musket to be issued that was manufactured at the
Springfield Arsenal in Massachusetts and by several private contractors,
including Eli Whitney. It was a direct copy of the French Charleville musket
used in the Revolutionary War.
HEADGEAR
×
The M1858 Army hat, referred to as the dress hat or Hardee Hat, was made of
black felt with a three-inch brim looped up on one side and held with a stamped
brass eagle (from the Arms of the United States). The branch insignia for the
infantry was a looped hunting horn with the regimental number in the center and
the company letter on top. The forage cap - described under Fatigue Uniform -
was also issued.
CLOTHING
×
COATS:
The two coats issued the most to foot troops throughout the war were the 1858
dress coat and the sack coat, or fatigue blouse.
Infantry, cavalry and light artillery units wore the sack coat which was made of
dark blue, loosely woven flannel wool, reached just below the waistline and came
in four sizes. Single-breasted with four brass coat buttons and a simple roll
collar, the sack coat was meant for work or detail, but was more prevalent on
the battlefield by the end of the war than the dress coat.
The 1858 dress coat, also known as a frock to civilians, was made of dark blue
wool with skirts extending halfway to the knees. It was single-breasted with
nine brass general service eagle buttons in front and a standing collar hooked
together at the neck. The sleeves had pointed cuffs, open at the seam and
secured with two small brass general service buttons. The edge of the collar and
the cuffs were piped with a welt of cloth in the branch color (sky blue for
infantry). This coat was more commonly worn by infantry soldiers earlier in the
war and by certain infantry and heavy artillery units throughout.
SHIRTS:
Army-issue shirts were pullover style and made of white domet flannel – a cotton
or cotton and wool flannel. They were coarse, inexpensive and easy to
manufacture. (Not pictured)
TROUSERS:
Enlisted soldiers wore full-cut, straight leg, cuffed, creaseless trousers with
vertical side pockets, made of sky blue kersey – a kind of coarse wool. A small
tightening belt known as a yoke helped them fit properly. They were issued in
four sizes, without belts or suspenders, though soldiers could wear their own.
DRAWERS:
White cotton long drawers buttoned at the waist in front and sometimes had
adjustment ties on each side. There were also ties at the bottom of each leg
that fastened under the instep and prevented the legs from riding up. (Not
Pictured)
FOOTWEAR
×
Shoes, known as Jefferson bootees, were ankle-high, laced, smooth blackened
leather with soles held together by small wooden pegs.
They were very similar to the 1812 shoe except they were now made specifically
for left and right feet.
EQUIPMENT
×
The double-bag knapsack, made of black painted or enameled cotton cloth, held
soldiers’ spare clothing and personal items. It could also carry the blanket,
ground cloth/poncho, partial tent called a shelter half, and shelter half poles
and pins (if those were retained by the soldier).
The haversack, a canvas painted or enameled black bag, featured a shoulder strap
of the same material. A large flap was secured in front with a leather strap and
buckle. A white inner cloth bag was used to carry rations, eating utensils and
other small items.
The M1858 canteen was an oblate spheroid made of pressed tin with three strap
loops around the edge and a pewter spout with a cork stopper at the top. The
cork was capped with tin and had an iron ring and chain attached at the top. The
body of the canteen was covered in sky blue or brownish gray fabric.
There was no government-issued personal identification or first aid kit at this
time.
The M1861 cartridge box was made of black leather with a large outer flap.
Attached to the center of the flap was an oval, lead-filled brass plate with a
raised rim and the letters “U.S.” A tin inner liner divided two upper and two
lower compartments, each holding 10 rounds of .58 caliber cartridges.
WEAPONS
×
Most notable were the .577-caliber British M1853 Enfield rifle-musket and
.58-caliber M1861 and M1863 Springfield rifle-muskets. The American-made weapons
each had a triangular bayonet.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
A blackened buff leather waist belt added to the uniform had a brass plate or
buckle that was stamped with “U.S.” and filled with lead in the back to give it
weight. An attached black leather percussion cap pouch contained primers for the
rifle or musket. A sewn-in strip of sheep’s wool kept musket caps from falling
out.
HEADGEAR
×
The forage cap originally was intended to be worn during fatigue or foraging
duty rather than during garrison or dress duties. It was made of dark blue wool
with a leather bill in front and a leather chinstrap held in place by a small
brass general service eagle button on each side. While light and comfy, the cap
didn’t offer good protection from extreme weather. Soldiers also received the
M1858 Army hat.(see Civil War Dress Uniform for a description of this hat)
CLOTHING
×
COATS:
The two coats issued the most to foot troops throughout the war were the 1858
dress coat and the sack coat, or fatigue blouse.
Infantry, cavalry and light artillery units wore the sack coat which was made of
dark blue, loosely woven flannel wool, reached just below the waistline and came
in four sizes. Single-breasted with four brass coat buttons and a simple roll
collar, the sack coat was meant for work or detail, but was more prevalent on
the battlefield by the end of the war than the dress coat.
SHIRTS:
Army-issue shirts were pullover style and made of white domet flannel – a cotton
or cotton and wool flannel. They were coarse, inexpensive and easy to
manufacture. (Not pictured)
TROUSERS:
Enlisted soldiers wore full-cut, straight leg, cuffed, creaseless trousers with
vertical side pockets, made of sky blue kersey – a kind of coarse wool. A small
tightening belt known as a yoke helped them fit properly. They were issued in
four sizes, without belts or suspenders, though soldiers could wear their own.
DRAWERS:
White cotton long drawers buttoned at the waist in front and sometimes had
adjustment ties on each side. There were also ties at the bottom of each leg
that fastened under the instep and prevented the legs from riding up. (Not
Pictured)
FOOTWEAR
×
Shoes, known as Jefferson bootees, were ankle-high, laced, smooth blackened
leather with soles held together by small wooden pegs.
They were very similar to the 1812 shoe except they were now made specifically
for left and right feet.
EQUIPMENT
×
The double-bag knapsack, made of black painted or enameled cotton cloth, held
soldiers’ spare clothing and personal items. It could also carry the blanket,
ground cloth/poncho, partial tent called a shelter half, and shelter half poles
and pins (if those were retained by the soldier).
The haversack, a canvas painted or enameled black bag, featured a shoulder strap
of the same material. A large flap was secured in front with a leather strap and
buckle. A white inner cloth bag was used to carry rations, eating utensils and
other small items.
The M1858 canteen was an oblate spheroid made of pressed tin with three strap
loops around the edge and a pewter spout with a cork stopper at the top. The
cork was capped with tin and had an iron ring and chain attached at the top. The
body of the canteen was covered in sky blue or brownish gray fabric.
There was no government-issued personal identification or first aid kit at this
time.
The M1861 cartridge box was made of black leather with a large outer flap.
Attached to the center of the flap was an oval, lead-filled brass plate with a
raised rim and the letters “U.S.” A tin inner liner divided two upper and two
lower compartments, each holding 10 rounds of .58 caliber cartridges.
WEAPONS
×
The .577-caliber British M1853 Enfield rifle-musket and .58-caliber M1861 and
M1863 Springfield rifle-muskets, made in America, were common late in the war
and each had a triangular bayonet.
The M1842 Springfield musket which was common earlier in the war, was
smooth-bore – which was not very accurate – .69-caliber and had a triangular
bayonet. It was less common to see by the end of the war. (Not pictured)
The black leather bayonet scabbard which hung from the waist belt was sized to
fit the blade of the bayonet. It had a brass tip on the bottom and was stitched
at the top to a curved leather piece with a belt loop called the frog.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
A blackened buff leather waist belt added to the uniform had a brass plate or
buckle that was stamped with “U.S.” and filled with lead in the back to give it
weight. An attached black leather percussion cap pouch contained primers for the
rifle or musket. A sewn-in strip of sheep’s wool kept musket caps from falling
out.
HEADGEAR
×
Soldiers sent to Europe as part of the AEF received the soft cloth overseas cap,
which was based on British and French designs. They could carry it in a pocket
when wearing the helmet. (Not pictured)
U.S. troops initially used the British version of the M1917 steel helmet – known
as the “Brodie” helmet – but the U.S. was producing and fielding its own copy by
1918. Meant to deflect overhead shell fragments, the helmet was not bulletproof.
It had a rounded crown, flared brim, leather lining and a chin strap that
fastened inside it. It was painted a brownish olive green and given a sand
texture to make it less reflective.
CLOTHING
×
M1912/M1917 Service Uniform made of olive drab wool and cotton liner, the
single-breasted service coat had four flapped pockets and five buttons. Its
short standing collar hooked and displayed two discs: One had “U.S.” on it
originally and later bore the regimental number; the other had the branch emblem
and, generally, the company letter.
Soldiers also were issued M1916 shirts – pullover flannel garments in olive drab
that each had a collar, two pockets, three buttons on the placket and sleeve
reinforcement over the elbows. (Not pictured)
Men were issued olive drab wool service breeches, which fit with the style of
the time – flaring out at the thigh, tapering at the knee and fitting tightly at
the calf, where they ended with a lace-up closure.
Called spiral puttees, leg wraps were wool cloth strips that were several feet
long, wrapped tightly around the top of the boot and extended to just below the
knee. Effective in protecting the legs from underbrush, dirt, mud and more in
the trenches, leg wraps replaced canvas leggings.
FOOTWEAR
×
(pictured) The ankle-high, lace-up M1917 trench boots were made of chrome
vegetable-tanned cowhide, rough-side out. They replaced the ineffective russet
leather marching shoe and foreign-made boots. When they proved inadequate under
prolonged combat conditions, the Army adopted the M1918 trench boot (later known
as the Pershing boot), which was made of the same cowhide as the 1917, but was
sturdier and better suited for the trenches. It had hobnails for traction, steel
heel plates like a horseshoe and steel toecaps to prevent undue wear.
EQUIPMENT
×
Olive drab or khaki in color, the M1910 Haversack was a lightweight canvas pack
that held an M1910 entrenching tool (shovel, pick-mattock or ax) and cover, meat
pan, mess gear, condiment can, extra clothing, sewing kit and toiletries –
although combat troops rarely had all of these items when in action. The M1907
bayonet and scabbard attached to the left side of the haversack flap. A lower
extension held blankets, shelter half, poles and pegs that could quickly be
dropped when going into action.
WEAPONS
×
Soldiers were equipped with the bolt-action M1903 Springfield Rifle which held
five rounds of .30-caliber ammunition in an internal magazine. The M1905
bayonet, a 16-inch knife that was no longer triangular, was attached to the gun
or carried in a leather and canvas scabbard when not in use. Versions of this
rifle continued to be used through the Korean War.
Because of shortages, the M1903 was supplemented with a similar weapon of
British design, the M1917 Enfield Rifle. It held six rounds and was about a
pound lighter than the M1903. The M1917 bayonet was nearly identical to the
M1905 although not interchangeable.
WWI marked the first time the U.S. would use the M1911 Colt .45-caliber
automatic pistol. M1909 and M1917 .45-caliber revolvers were also used.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
BANDOLEER:
A khaki cloth bandoleer with a strap so it could be worn over the shoulder, was
stitched to form six pockets that would each hold two extra ammo clips. (not
pictured)
M1910 CARTRIDGE BELT:
A series of straps and metal grommets connected the haversack to the M1910
Cartridge Belt, which helped with weight distribution. The belt was made of
webbed cotton canvas and featured a brass buckle. Each side had five pockets for
five-round clips of.30-caliber ammunition. An aluminum kidney-shaped canteen and
cup hung from the belt in a canvas cover, along with a newly introduced first
aid pouch.
GAS MASK:
The British small box respirator contained in a canvas haversack and worn on the
chest, was the primary protection against newly introduced chemical warfare
(chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas). The snug rubberized facepiece was
connected by a hose to an activated charcoal filter, a concept derived from
American coal miners. Soldiers received an American-made version of the gas mask
by the end of the war.
UNIFORM
×
Four African-American infantry regiments deployed overseas and were assigned to
the French army for combat service. They retained their primary uniform
components (coat, shirt, breeches, leg wraps and boots), but everything else was
generally of French patterns.
HEADGEAR
×
CAP:
A soft cloth cap similar to the WWI overseas cap or garrison cap, was used at
camp, but not on the front lines. The cap was olive drab wool serge or khaki
cotton with piping on the edge of the side flaps, and the color was dependent on
the branch. (Not pictured)
M1 HELMET:
This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic
protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or
ability to fire weapons. The olive drab helmet was also finished with sand/cork
to give it a less reflective texture and came with a two-piece webbed chinstrap.
It had a separate liner made of plastic impregnated cotton that molded to shape.
A canvas webbing suspension system allowed for a custom fit. Like the WWI
helmet, they were meant to deflect shell fragments and were not bulletproof.
CLOTHING
×
EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS
FIELD JACKETS:
There were two versions of field jackets: the 1941 and 1943. (Pictured)
1943:This darker-colored olive drab cotton-poplin jacket phased out the 1941
version. It was single-breasted with hidden buttons and added two interior
pockets, a detachable hood, a cotton-poplin liner and an internal synching tie
to draw it in for a better fit. It was also more wind- and water-resistant. The
1941 olive drab cotton-poplin windbreaker-style jacket was lined with wool
flannel. It had a zipper, a roll collar, buttons and slanted front pockets. It
was loose and economical, so it replaced the service coat in the field.
OVERCOATS:
Made of wool melton, a thick, dense fabric with a soft surface. (Not pictured)
SERVICE SHIRTS:
Button-up style in olive drab wool flannel. The collar was designed to be worn
with a necktie. Shirts had two breast pockets and securable cuffs. (Not
pictured)
P1937 TROUSERS:
Made of olive drab wool serge, these were worn for service and in the field.
They were unlined, had a button fly, diagonal side pockets, one pocket in the
rear, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. By this time, breeches
were only used by mounted cavalry soldiers.
M1943 TROUSERS:
Issued in the middle of the war, these unlined cotton poplin trousers were a
darker shade of olive drab. Adjustment tabs were added to the ankles and waist,
and they could be worn over wool trousers in cold weather. (Not pictured)
M1938 LEGGINGS:
The khaki or olive drab cotton canvas leggings were worn with the field service
shoe. They were laced up the side with a cord and secured with hooks and
eyelets. An adjustable strap went under the soldier’s instep. Troops who
received combat boots that were issued starting in 1943 no longer needed the
leggings. Puttees had also been phased out because there was no more trench
warfare. (Not pictured)
PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS
U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, not in Europe,
because Germans wore it there. However, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The
uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for jungle and tan scheme for the
beach. (Not pictured)
JACKETS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab-colored jackets
because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. This single-breasted
jacket had five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and a roll collar
designed to be worn open at the neck. While herringbone twill was designated a
jungle-desert combat outfit, some were issued to troops participating in the
Normandy invasion that had added protection from chemical agents.
TROUSERS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab-colored trousers because
it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. Unlined, the trousers had a button
fly, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. Each side had a large
flap-secured cargo pocket.
FOOTWEAR
×
Field service shoes were initially ankle-high and made of roughout leather
(softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable
synthetic rubber. By 1943, the combat service boot was introduced with these
same features, but also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top. Pacific
soldiers were also often issued olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots with black
rubber soles that were tall and laced in the front using hooks and eyelets.
Shoe Pacs were rubber boots issued for winter climates and worn with a felt
liner insert to wick out water. These were worn in place of the regular boot.
(Not pictured)
EQUIPMENT
×
Trigger-finger mittens were introduced. Not many other changes were made to the
style of equipment since large quantities of what had been manufactured during
WWI were still on hand.
This soldier wears the M1928 haversack, which was nearly identical to the M1910
version, with the addition of a few quick-release buckles.
The M1910 entrenching tool from WWI is attached. There’s also a M1936 Musette
bag for extra storage.
Metal grommets attached to the straps of the haversack and could attach to more
equipment such as the M1910 aluminum canteen and cup, their cotton canvas cover
and the M1910 first aid packet and pouch.
The new M1945 Combat & Cargo Pack also came out but was issued only in limited
numbers by war’s end. It was two pieces that could be worn together or
separately. (Not pictured)
Since chemical warfare was expected after WWI, many variations were fielded
during WWII. The M2A1 & M2A2 series gas masks (not pictured) and the M3
lightweight gas mask were used during the early part of the war. Each mask
connected to a filter canister by a hose. In 1944, D-D ay troops were among
those issued the M5 assault gas mask in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter
canister screwed directly into the cheek of the facepiece and became the pattern
for the development of postwar gas masks.
WEAPONS
×
Newer firepower was introduced although soldiers continued to use variations of
the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI.
M1 GARAND .30-CALIBER RIFLE:
Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semi-automatic
rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. An
expendable “en bloc” steel clip held eight rounds of ammo each.
M1 .30-CALIBER CARBINE:
This lightweight carbine was used by rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned
officers and specialist troops. The carbine used a shorter, less powerful
.30-caliber cartridge with a 15-round magazine.
BAYONETS:
The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI.
Then came a new version, the M1942, which was also 16 inches but had plastic
grips instead of wood, an anti-corrosion coating on the metal and a cotton
scabbard. In 1943, a 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created and
remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match.
ADDITIONAL WEAPONS:
Machete-like bolo knives, Colt. 45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning
Automatic Rifles and the M3A1 submachine gun.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
A six-pocket cloth bandoleer carried with a strap over the shoulder was used for
M1 Garand and M1903 rifle .30-caliber ammunition clips.
The M1923 Dismounted Cartridge Belt provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 more
eight-round en bloc clips for the M1 Garand rifle.
HEADGEAR
×
CAP:
While this soft cloth cap was similar in appearance to the WWI overseas cap, it
was now known as the garrison cap and worn at camp but not on the front lines.
It was olive drab wool serge or khaki cotton. There was piping on the edge of
the side flaps and the color was branch-dependent. (Not pictured)
M1 HELMET:
This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic
protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or
ability to fire weapons. Olive drab in color, it was also finished with sand or
cork for a less reflective texture. The helmet featured a two-piece webbed
chinstrap and had a separate liner made of plastic impregnated cotton that
molded to shape. A canvas webbing suspension system allowed for a custom fit.
The M1941 wool knit cap was sometimes worn underneath the helmet.
CLOTHING
×
EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS
FIELD JACKETS:
There were two versions of field jackets: the 1941 and 1943. (Pictured)
1943:This darker-colored olive drab cotton-poplin jacket phased out the 1941
version. It was single-breasted with hidden buttons and added two interior
pockets, a detachable hood, a cotton-poplin liner and an internal synching tie
to draw it in for a better fit. It was also more wind- and water-resistant. The
1941 olive drab cotton-poplin windbreaker-style jacket was lined with wool
flannel. It had a zipper, a roll collar, buttons and slanted front pockets. It
was loose and economical, so it replaced the service coat in the field
OVERCOATS:
Made of wool melton, the overcoat was of thick, dense fabric with a soft
surface. (Not pictured)
SERVICE SHIRTS:
Button-up style in olive drab wool flannel, the shirts had two breast pockets
and securable cuffs. The collar was designed to be worn with a necktie. (Not
pictured)
P1937 TROUSERS:
Made of olive drab wool serge, these were worn for service and in the field. The
button fly, unlined trousers had diagonal side pockets, one pocket in the rear,
belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. At that time, breeches were only
used by mounted cavalry soldiers.
M1943 TROUSERS:
Issued during the middle of the war, the M1943 trousers were an unlined darker
shade of olive drab made of cotton poplin. Adjustment tabs were added to the
ankles and waist and they could be worn over wool trousers in cold weather. (Not
pictured)
M1938 LEGGINGS:
The khaki or olive drab cotton canvas leggings were worn with the field service
shoe.They were laced up the side with a cord and secured with hooks and eyelets.
An adjustable strap went under the soldier’s instep. Troops who received combat
boots that were issued starting in 1943, no longer needed the leggings. Puttees
had also been phased out because there was no more trench warfare. (Not
pictured)
PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS
U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, NOT in Europe,
because Germans wore it there. However, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The
uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for jungle and tan color scheme
for the beach. (Not pictured)
JACKETS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab jackets because
it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. This single-breasted jacket had
five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and a roll collar that was
designed to be worn open at the neck. While herringbone twill was designated a
jungle-desert combat outfit, some were issued to troops participating in the
Normandy Invasion that had added protection from chemical agents.
TROUSERS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab trousers because it was
more airy than wool and dried quicker. They were unlined and had a button fly,
belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. Each side had a large
flap-secured cargo pocket.
FOOTWEAR
×
Field service shoes were initially ankle-high and made of roughout leather
(softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable
synthetic rubber. By midwar, the M1943 combat service boot was introduced with
these same features, but also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top.
Pacific soldiers were also often issued olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots
with black rubber soles. They were tall and laced in the front using hooks and
eyelets.
Shoe Pacs was a rubber boots were issued for winter climates and were to be worn
with a felt liner insert to wick out water. These were to be used in place of
the regular boot. (Not pictured)
EQUIPMENT
×
Trigger-finger mittens were introduced and there were few changes made to the
style of equipment since large quantities of what had been manufactured during
WWI were still on hand. This soldier wears a bedroll. The M1943 entrenching
shovel had a triangular front edge and folding steelhead that could lock at
various degrees.
The new M1945 combat and cargo pack (Not pictured) that was in two parts that
could be worn separately was also released, but it was issued in limited numbers
by war’s end.
Since chemical warfare was expected after WWI, many variations were fielded
during WWII. The M2A1 and M2A2 series gas masks (not pictured) and the M3
lightweight gas mask were used during the early part of the war. Each connected
to a filter canister by a hose. In 1944, D-Day troops were among those issued
the M5 assault gas mask in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter canister
screwed directly into the cheek of the facepiece and became the pattern for the
development of postwar gas masks.
WEAPONS
×
Soldiers used variations of the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI, but newer
firepower was also introduced:
M1 GARAND .30-CALIBER RIFLE:
Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semiautomatic
rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. It used an
expendable “en bloc” steel clip, each holding eight rounds of ammo.
M1 .30-CAL CARBINE:
This lightweight carbine was used by rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned
officers and specialist troops. The carbine used a shorter, less powerful
.30-caliber cartridge with a 15-round magazine.
BAYONETS:
The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI.
Then came a new version, the M1942, which was also 16 inches but had plastic
grips instead of wood, an anticorrosion coating on the metal and a cotton
scabbard. In 1943, a shorter 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created.
Remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match and issued.
ADDITIONAL WEAPONS:
Machete-like bolo knives, Colt. 45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning
Automatic Rifles and the M3A1 submachine gun.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
The M1923 dismounted cartridge belt provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 additional
clips for the M1 Garand rifle. Metal grommets attached to the straps of the
haversack and could attach to more equipment if needed, such as the stainless
steel canteen, its cup, their cotton canvas cover and a first aid pouch.
The M6 gas mask carrier and a six-pocket cloth bandoleer were carried over the
shoulder for the M1 Garand and M1903 rifle .30-caliber ammunition clips. A
dinner k-ration was also carried in the left breast pocket.
HEADGEAR
×
CAP:
Similar in appearance to the WWI overseas cap, this soft cloth covering was now
known as the garrison cap. Made of olive drab wool serge or khaki cotton, the
cap was used in camp, not on the front lines. There was piping on the edge of
the side flaps; its color was branch-dependent. (Not pictured)
M1 HELMET:
This manganese steel upgrade from the WWI helmet provided greater ballistic
protection, was stable to wear and didn’t interfere with the soldier’s vision or
weapon-firing capabilities. Painted olive drab, the helmet was finished with
sand/cork to give it a less reflective texture. It had a canvas webbing
suspension system to custom-fit the head, a separate liner made of plastic
impregnated cotton that molded to shape and a two-piece webbed chinstrap.
CLOTHING
×
HERRINGBONE TWILL:
material was prevalent in both the European and Pacific theaters in Olive Drab
No. 7 shade. It was used for jackets and trousers because it was more airy than
wool and dried quicker. A one-piece coverall was an option for fatigue and field
use, but it wasn’t very useful in the field. Troops preferred the two-piece.
U.S. troops first used camouflage in WWII in the Pacific theater, not in Europe,
because Germans wore it there. Still, it wasn’t prevalent in the Pacific. The
uniforms were reversible: A green color scheme for the jungle and a tan scheme
for the beach.
JACKETS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these unlined olive drab-colored jackets
because it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. These single-breasted
jackets had five buttons, two flap-secured breast pockets and roll collars that
were designed to be worn open at the neck. Herringbone twill was designated a
jungle-desert combat outfit, though some with added protection from chemical
agents were issued to troops participating in the Normandy invasion.
TROUSERS:
Herringbone twill cotton was used for these olive drab-colored trousers because
it was more airy than wool and dried quicker. The trousers were unlined and had
a button fly, belt loops and suspender buttons on the inside. Each side had a
large flap-secured cargo pocket.
M1938 LEGGINGS:
Puttees, which wrapped around the lower leg, had been phased out with the end of
trench warfare. M1938 leggings, made of khaki or olive drab cotton canvas, laced
up the side with a cord and were secured with hooks and eyelets. They were worn
with the field service shoe and had an adjustable strap that went under a
soldier’s instep. Troops that received combat boots, which were issued beginning
in 1943, no longer needed these leggings.
FOOTWEAR
×
Field service shoes initially were ankle-high and made of roughout leather
(softer than in WWI) or smooth russet. Soles and heels were now made of durable
synthetic rubber. By 1943, the combat service boot was introduced with these
same features, and also included a two-buckle leather cuff at the top. Pacific
soldiers often also received tall olive drab cotton canvas jungle boots that
laced in the front using hooks and eyelets and had black rubber soles (not
pictured).
Shoe Pacs were rubber boots issued for winter climates and worn with a felt
liner insert to wick out water. These were worn in place of the regular boot.
(Not pictured)
EQUIPMENT
×
Other than the introduction of trigger-finger mittens, few changes were made to
the style of field equipment issued, since large quantities of equipment
manufactured during WWI were still on hand. This soldier wears the M1928
haversack, which was nearly identical to the M1910 version, with the addition of
a few quick-release buckles. He has the M1910 entrenching tool and the
late-issue M5 assault gas mask in a waterproof carrier. This mask’s filter
canister screwed directly into the cheek of the facepiece and became the pattern
for the development of postwar gas masks.
Metal grommets attached to the straps of the haversack and could attach to more
equipment if needed, such as the M1910 aluminum canteen and cup, their cotton
canvas cover and the M1924 first aid packet and pouch.
The new M1945 Combat & Cargo Pack also came out, but it was issued in limited
numbers by war’s end. It was two pieces that could be worn together or
separately. (Not pictured)
WEAPONS
×
Soldiers still used variations of the M1903 Springfield rifle from WWI, but
newer firepower was also introduced:
M1 GARAND .30-CALIBER RIFLE:
Introduced in 1936, this was the first gas-operated, clip-loaded semi-automatic
rifle in the world, giving the U.S. significant firepower advantage. It used an
expendable “en bloc” steel clip that held eight rounds of ammunition.
M1 .30-CAL CARBINE:
Rear-echelon troops, noncommissioned officers and specialist troops used this
lightweight carbine, which took a 15-round magazine.
BAYONETS:
The M1 and M1903 rifles could both be fitted with the M1905 bayonet used in WWI.
Then came a new version, the M1942, which was still 16 inches but had plastic
grips instead of wood, an anti-corrosion coating on the metal and a cotton
scabbard. In 1943, a shorter 10-inch version of the M1942 bayonet was created.
Remaining M1905 and M1942 versions were cut down to match and issued.
ADDITIONAL WEAPONS:
Machete-like bolo knives, Colt .45 pistols, Thompson submachine guns, Browning
automatics and M3A1 submachine guns.
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
The M1923 Dismounted Cartridge Belt provided 10 canvas pockets for 10 clips of
.30-caliber ammunition for the M1 Garand Rifle.
HEADGEAR
×
M1 HELMET:
This was the same helmet used in WWII. However, many of the helmets in storage
had been sold at a surplus, creating a shortage for Korea. Manufacturing of new
helmets began in 1951.
CAPS:
Soldiers wore the M1943 & M1951 Pile Field Caps among other caps in Korea.
Designed for wet, cold winter conditions, the pile caps were soft, olive drab
cotton poplin with wool lining, and had turn-up visors and ear flaps of
synthetic fur-like material that could be worn up or down. They were meant to be
worn under the M1 combat helmet.
Other caps included the herringbone twill fatigue cap for work duty in temperate
weather, the M1943 cotton field cap worn during dry, cold winters and the M1951
lightweight windproof cotton field cap with rounded visor and retractable
earflaps for all environments.
CLOTHING
×
The M1943 field jacket, herringbone twill jacket, M1943 trousers and herringbone
twill trousers were the same as in World War II, in the darker olive drab shade.
Most soldiers wore the M1943 field jacket until the introduction of the M1951
version during the war. Made of cotton poplin, the M1951 jacket was mostly the
same as its predecessor, but with a zippered front instead of buttons and a
detachable mohair frieze liner for extra warmth.
FOOTWEAR
×
The M1943 combat boots and shoe pacs from WWII were issued until those stocks
were exhausted, at which point soldiers received the M1949 version – a high
lace-up russet leather boot with rubber heels and soles. In 1951, the insulated
rubber combat boot, known as the “Mickey Mouse,” was issued to replace the
combat boots and shoepacs.
EQUIPMENT
×
Much of the gear remained the same as in WWII. The M1945 Combat and Cargo Pack
also was used in Korea, but was a darker olive drab. The pack consisted of three
components:
The OD canvas combat pack carried essential items like food, tools, clothing and
other personal items (pictured here). It also had attachments to carry an
entrenching shovel and M1 bayonet. Web straps held a sleeping bag, parka or
overcoat.
The OD canvas field cargo pack (not pictured) attached to the bottom of the
combat pack using three web straps and held the shelter half, poles and pegs,
spare clothing and personal items. It also had a suitcase-like handle, allowing
it to be both carried separately and quickly dropped when going into action.
Cotton web pack suspenders could hold the combat pack or, using metal spring
clips, support the weight of the WWII-era cartridge belt.
The M9A1 Field Protective Mask (not pictured) issued after 1951 was a light gas
mask with a rubber-molded facepiece, laminated glass, aluminum eyepieces and a
filter canister that screwed onto the mask’s left cheek. It came with an olive
drab cotton canvas carrier bag.
As in WWII, troops in Korea used the M1943 entrenching shovels, which had a
triangular front edge and folding steel head that could lock at various degrees.
Also issued was the M1951, which was identical to the M1943 except for the
addition of a short folding pick blade.
Soldiers received the same canteens, covers and cups as in WWII. The first aid
pouch was mostly the same, as was the bandoleer, which now held clips for the
M1.
WEAPONS
×
M1 GARAND .30-CALIBER RIFLE:
This rifle was still widely issued, as were most other WWII weapons. The
Thompson submachine gun, however, was replaced by the M2 Carbine.
M1 KNIFE BAYONET:
This 10-inch knife blade bayonet replaced the prior 16-inch versions at the end
of WWII.
WINTER GEAR
×
OVERCOATS:
Overcoats were a dark olive drab cotton poplin with a snow-colored reversible
side for camouflage. It closed with a zipper and buttons, had four front pockets
and a fixed hood with a removable liner.
M1951 PARKA:
Parkas had an olive green cotton canvas outer shell with a fur-lined hood and
detachable mohair frieze liner for extra insulation. They could be worn over the
field jacket in very cold conditions and were supposed to be issued instead of
overcoats, but front line troops often complained they weren’t getting them.
PONCHOS:
Olive drab ponchos were made of nylon twill coated in vinyl resin for
waterproofing. The lightweight poncho was more practical than a raincoat in the
field because it could be used as a groundsheet or to cover gear. A hooded
version was authorized by September 1951.
HANDWEAR:
Black, water-resistant leather gloves had wool-nylon blend inserts that could be
worn on either hand. Trigger-finger mittens with inserts were also issued. The
mittens had a strap and loop to stow the trigger finger if needed, and the back
of the glove was lined with insulation. (Not pictured)
UNDERGARMENTS:
To combat the frigid temperatures in Korea, soldiers by 1951 were issued
cotton-wool blend undershirts, shrink-resistant wool-nylon blend field shirts,
wool boot socks to go over regular socks, crisscrossed suspenders and
cotton-wool long underwear. (Not pictured)
M1951 WOOL AND FIELD TROUSERS:
Olive green wool serge trousers had a waistband with belt loops, suspender
straps, waist adjustment straps and four pockets. The field trousers were an
olive green cotton poplin shell worn over the wool trousers in wet, frigid
conditions. A detachable mohair frieze liner could be attached inside the shell
for added warmth. (Not pictured)
Mufflers made of wool were sometimes issued. (Not pictured)
BODY ARMOR
×
M1952A ARMOR BODY FRAGMENTATION PROTECTIVE VEST:
The Army and Marines began testing combat body armor in Korea in 1951. While
Marines standardized one vest, the Army developed a superior one. This model,
the M1952A, was 8½ pounds, with 12 layers of ballistic nylon in an olive green
cover. It was adjustable and had two chest pockets and a thin strip of webbing
to carry grenades. The M1952A was issued to troops through the end of the war,
except for a few months when production problems resulted in the Marine Corps
vest being provided instead. (Not pictured)
HEADGEAR
×
M1 HELMET:
The M1 steel helmet and liner were virtually the same as those used in World War
II, and many of those helmets were still in use. In 1969, new liners made of
ballistic nylon with removable suspension began replacing the older pattern
liners.
Cotton camouflage covers were prevalent in a design known as the "Mitchell"
pattern. They were reversible, with leaf camouflage in green colors on one side
and brown colors on the other. The covers had buttonholes for inserting natural
foliage for additional camouflage, and an olive green elastic camouflage helmet
band that could hold items such as insect repellent bottles.
The Mitchell pattern camouflage helmet cover was worn until the Woodland pattern
for the Battle Dress Uniform replaced it in the early 1980s.
The Tropical Hat, also known as the Boonie Hat, was made of olive green shade
107 cotton cloth and had a 2½-inch wide brim with a flat-top crown. It featured
an adjustable nylon lace chinstrap, two half-inch screened ventilation eyelets
on each side and a ¾-inch nylon-webbing headband for inserting natural
camouflage.
CLOTHING
×
Commonly known as jungle fatigues, the tropical combat uniform evolved over time
but the basic features remained the same.
TROPICAL COMBAT JACKET:
The jacket was made of a tightly woven, lightweight, cotton twill material and
later cotton ripstop, in olive green shade 107. It was a bush-style design with
two slanted bellows-type chest pockets with button flaps and two lower bellows
pockets with button flaps below the waist. Olive green shade 107 cotton T-shirts
were also commonly worn in the hot weather, replacing white T-shirts worn early
in the war.
UTILITY SHIRT:
Between 1965 and 1967, the utility uniform was the primary combat clothing worn
in Vietnam. The shirt, originally called a jacket, was made of olive green shade
107 cotton sateen. Initially, it was single-breasted with a fall collar, two
patch chest pockets with button flaps, a straight bottom and plain sleeves. (Not
pictured)
TROPICAL COMBAT TROUSERS:
The trousers were also made of a tightly woven, lightweight, cotton twill
material and later cotton ripstop, in olive green shade 107. They had two front
pockets, two rear pockets and two bellows-type cargo pockets on the legs. The
trousers had a button fly and a drawcord at the bottom of each leg for
protection from insects.
UTILITY SHIRT AND TROUSERS:
Between 1965 and 1967, the utility uniform was the primary combat clothing worn
in Vietnam. The shirt, originally called a jacket, was made of olive green shade
107 cotton sateen. Initially, it was single-breasted with a fall collar, two
patch chest pockets with button flaps, a straight bottom and plain sleeves. The
matching utility trousers had two front patch pockets, two rear pockets with
buttoned flaps, hemmed bottoms and a button fly. (Not pictured)
ERDL Camouflage Pattern, also known as the “Leaf” pattern, was a combination of
dark green, light green, brown and black shades. Only Special Forces and special
operations troops wore this pattern, which was developed in 1948 by the Engineer
Research and Development Lab and first used in 1967 in Vietnam. It was issued in
both cotton poplin and ripstop fabric for the Tropical Combat Uniform.
FOOTWEAR
×
The Army started with Pattern 1956 Combat Boots, which were a high, lace-up boot
with rubber heels and rubber soles. Because they didn’t work well in the humid
jungle environment, the Tropical Combat Boot (jungle boots) quickly replaced
them. These boots had canvas tongues and upper parts, which was more breathable
and dried faster than leather. They had a vibram-type rubber tread and later, a
Panama-style sole with fatter tread and nylon to support the ankles. Steel
plates were added to soles to mitigate wounds caused by punji sticks - simple
spikes, made out of wood or bamboo
EQUIPMENT
×
The M1956 Load-Carrying Equipment was made of olive drab shade 7 cotton web
canvas. The set was a complete replacement for the personal field equipment used
during World War II and the Korean War. Each of the add-on components has a
unique metal slide keeper for attaching to the belt or to other equipment: The
set included:
M1956 INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT BELT:
This was a web belt with three rows of eyelets. It could be adjusted in length
from both ends and had a ball-type buckle.
M1956 COMBAT SUSPENDERS:
The suspenders were an “H” design and both the front and rear straps had hooks
at the end. A metal loop connected to the support strap of an ammunition case. A
first-aid pouch or flashlight could also be attached.
M1961 COMBAT FIELD PACK:
Known as the “Butt Pack,” this pack featured a large storage compartment with a
rubberized waterproof lining. Troops typically wore the pack attached to the
pistol belt at the center of the back with the suspenders' rear straps clipped
to eyelets at the corners of the bag.
M1956 FIRST AID/COMPASS CASE:
As the name implies, this small case was one of two used to hold either a field
compass or the field dressing packet. It had a single slide keeper on the back
that attached it to either the belt or the web keeper on the suspenders.
CANTEEN:
The olive drab plastic polyethylene 1-quart canteen was first produced in 1962
and replaced the M1910 aluminum model. It featured a plastic screw cap with a
plastic attaching strap. The M1956 Canteen Cover had felt lining and was
designed to carry the 1-quart plastic canteen and stainless steel cup. It was
attached to the belt with a pair of slide keepers.
Soldiers typically wore two or more canteens to ensure they had the proper
amount of hydration in Vietnam's tropical, humid climate.
The M1951 Combination Entrenching Tool had a straight wooden handle, folding
shovel head and short folding pick blade. The cotton canvas M1956 Entrenching
Tool Cover could accommodate either the M1943 shovel or the M1951 combination
entrenching tool. A bayonet hanger on the front and slide keepers on the back
attached to the belt or rucksack.
The M1956 Sleeping Bag Carrier allowed a sleeping bag to be carried on the M1956
Suspenders. The carrier was intended for use with the M-1949 Mountain Sleeping
Bag. (Not pictured)
In Vietnam, U.S. infantrymen often used the poncho liner in combination with the
poncho to create a lightweight sleeping bag. The carrier straps were equally
well-suited to this hybrid sleeping equipment.
In 1967, the nylon/plastic M1967 Modernized Load-Carrying Equipment replaced the
previous canvas iteration. The new equipment was lighter, more breathable and
dried faster. It was mostly issued as components to go with the M1956 and not
often given out as a whole set. (Not pictured)
WEAPONS
×
The M16 rifle was the most-issued weapon. It has been in Army service since
1965. The gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle in 5.56 mm used a 20-round external
box magazine. By the end of the war, the 30-round external box magazine was
introduced. It was capable of semi-automatic and full-automatic fire.
The M14 rifle also was issued early in the Vietnam War. Like the M16, it was
also a gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle using 20-round external box magazines,
but fired a more powerful 7.62mm/.308 caliber round. It was much heavier than
the M16 to reduce the recoil of the heavier bullet. It was capable of
semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. (Not pictured)
FRONT EQUIPMENT
×
M1956 UNIVERSAL AMMO CASE:
The universal ammunition case was originally designed to hold magazines for the
Browning automatic rifle and bandoleers containing six 8-round clips of M1
ammunition. In Vietnam, the 20-round M16 magazines proved too short for the
universal pouch and as a result, a sock was often put in the bottom to raise the
magazines up for faster retrieval. A shorter M1956 M16A1 ammo case was
introduced to solve the problem. Both cases attached to the pistol belt via two
slide keepers. They both had a supporting strap that clipped to the metal loop
on the suspenders and straps on both sides for attaching hand grenades.
M3 BANDOLEER:
The olive green cotton M3 bandoleer had seven pockets, each designed to have a
cardboard sleeve that held a 10-round clip of 5.56 mm ammunition for the M16
rifle. In Vietnam, troops would often carry a 20-round M16 magazine in each of
the bandoleer's seven pockets and would frequently carry two or three on field
operations.
BODY ARMOR
×
Soldiers used the M1952A Fragmentation Protective Vest, an improved version of
the body armor used in the Korean War, throughout the Vietnam War. The
protective vest was made of 12 layers of ballistic nylon in an olive green nylon
cover. The cover was fitted with epaulettes and a concealed frontal zipper
covered by a flap. There were lace-up adjustments on each side and two patch
cargo chest pockets. Thin strips of webbing stitched above each pocket were to
be used as grenade carriers. (Not pictured)
The M1969 Fragmentation Protective Vest improved upon the M1952A design by
adding a ¾-inch collar and eliminating the original shoulder epaulets. (Not
pictured)
HEADGEAR
×
PERSONNEL ARMOR SYSTEM FOR GROUND TROOPS (PASGT) HELMET
The helmet was ballistic fiberglass, trademarked as Kevlar, to protect from
bullets and fragmenting munitions. The helmet's profile was smaller to fit the
head better, with ear protection and better visibility. Inside was an integrated
strap suspension system. Soldiers wore either the “Chocolate Chip” or Woodland
pattern helmet covers.
Kevlar paved the way for radical changes in protective helmets and body armor.
It is much stronger than steel, lightweight and ultra protective. Earlier Kevlar
designs provided low-velocity protection.
CLOTHING
×
The Desert Battle Dress Uniform was a six-color, unified set that included a
coat, trousers, field cap and helmet. The DBDUs were made of 50/50 cotton-nylon
blend fabric. The cut was an upgrade from the uniform worn in Vietnam. The coat
pockets were horizontal rather than slanted. As during the Vietnam War, the
cargo-style trousers had large pockets on the left and right sides and
drawstring pant legs.
Troops wore a combination of Woodland and desert-style BDUs. Woodland camouflage
was developed in the 1970s and used in jungle and European operations, replacing
ERDL camo. It had a large-leaf four-color pattern with four pockets that had
concealed buttons. They were either 100% cotton or 50/50 nylon-cotton.
The six-color “Chocolate Chip” design lasted until about 1993. The “Chocolate
Chip” camouflage pattern was developed using the deserts of the southwestern
United States as a model. When troops arrived in the Middle East, the pattern
was not practical in the Middle Eastern desert backdrop. The three-color Desert
Camouflage Uniform replaced it in the early 1990s and remained in use in desert
environments until the mid-2000s.
FOOTWEAR
×
Soldiers commonly wore either the all-black leather boots, olive drab
nylon-canvas and leather jungle boots or the tan, nylon-canvas and leather
desert boots.
EQUIPMENT
×
The basic concept of the equipment had not changed since the M1967 gear used in
Vietnam.
The All-purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment, or ALICE, was
introduced in 1972. It included nylon Y-shaped suspenders and a nylon equipment
belt and was designed for use in all environments. ALICE could still be
intermixed with the M1956/1967 gear.
Some elements of ALICE lasted into the early part of Operation Enduring Freedom
and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The M17A2 Gas Mask was very similar to the M17 issued in Vietnam.
In addition to the gas mask, some troops were issued Mission Oriented Protective
Posture, or MOPP, suits, which were protective outer garments worn in chemical
warfare.
WEAPONS
×
The M16A2 was the primary weapon used by front-line soldiers. It had a heavier
barrel to accommodate a heavier 5.56 mm bullet and used 30-round magazines. The
M16A2 had a semi-automatic and three-round burst.
BODY ARMOR
×
Fragmentation Protective Vest, Ground Troops (not pictured) is part of the PASGT
system. It is made of spun Kevlar. The vest shell was either a Woodland or
six-color desert scheme pattern. It was designed to stop low-velocity shrapnel
and fragments but lacked the ballistic capability to stop high-velocity bullets.
HEADGEAR
×
PERSONNEL ARMOR SYSTEM FOR GROUND TROOPS (PASGT) HELMET
The helmet was ballistic fiberglass, trademarked as Kevlar, to protect from
bullets and fragmenting munitions. The helmet's profile was smaller to fit the
head better, with ear protection and better visibility. Inside was an integrated
strap suspension system. Soldiers wore either the “Chocolate Chip” or Woodland
pattern helmet covers.
Kevlar paved the way for radical changes in protective helmets and body armor.
It is much stronger than steel, lightweight and ultra protective. Earlier Kevlar
designs provided low-velocity protection.
CLOTHING
×
From 2001 to 2005, soldiers wore a mixture of Woodland BDU pattern gear and the
new Desert Camouflage Uniform pattern gear. The DCU had only three colors
instead of the DBDU’s six. The DCUs were made of ripstop fabric in a 50/50
cotton-nylon blend. The trousers were cargo-style.
GLOVES:
Combat Vehicle Crewman, or CVC, gloves provided flame-retardant hand protection.
FOOTWEAR
×
The Army changed over to a new nylon and leather, desert-colored jungle boot.
EQUIPMENT
×
The Enhanced Tactical Load Bearing Vest was issued beginning in 1995. The ETLBV
was one-size-fits-all, had four inward slanting Magazine Pouches that could
carry a total of six 30-round magazines, two grenade pouches, mesh panels for
more breathability, and two quick-release buckles in the front. Lower straps
from the ETLBV secured the Equipment Belt (not pictured). Canteens and other
equipment could be attached to the belt.
GAS MASK: (NOT PICTURED)
The M40 and M50 Joint Service General Protective Masks (as part of the Joint
Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology)
WEAPONRY
×
M4 AND M4A1 CARBINE:
The M4 was a lighter, shortened version of the M16 rifle. First issued in the
mid-1990s, the M4 was more prevalent during the initial years of OEF/OIF than
the M16A2. It has a semi-automatic and three-round burst.
BODY ARMOR
×
OUTER TACTICAL VEST (OTV):
In 1999, the military introduced the Interceptor Body Armor, or IBA, also known
as the Outer Tactical Vest.
It was the first Army body armor issued across the Army that was designed to
stop high-velocity bullets.
Previous vests featured layers of nylon material designed to stop low-velocity
shrapnel and fragments.
The IBA had bullet-stopping capabilities superior to PASGT. The outer shell
protected against fragments and low-velocity rounds and could be integrated with
the ETLBV system. Small Arms Protective Inserts are rigid ceramic composite
plates with an outer layer of Kevlar or similar material that are inserted into
the front and back pockets of the vest, giving the vest greater capacity to stop
rifle rounds.
IBA also could be fitted with additional parts to extend protection: a groin
protector, the Deltoid Axillary Protection System (made of four components for
the shoulder areas), a throat protector, and a yoke and collar. The pieces could
be mixed and matched as needed for the mission or by soldier preference.
However, these components were not bulletproof.
The vest was issued in various camo patterns. It included the Modular
Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) system. The MOLLE pocket attachment
system is a webbing grid on the front and back that could accommodate holsters,
pouches and other gear. Equipment could now be attached in whatever
configuration the soldier needed.
HEADGEAR
×
Advanced Combat Helmet, or ACH, was based on the PASGT helmet and went through a
few changes. The helmet reduced the area covering the ears and eyes,
significantly decreasing its weight. It had increased bullet protection and more
head mobility, and included a pad suspension system and four-point chinstrap. It
could interface with tactical headsets and microphones and included a mounting
bracket for night vision goggles.
Military Combat Eye Protection, or MCEP, included a number of ballistic masks
and goggles designed to protect the eyes of soldiers against shrapnel, UV rays,
lasers, dust and wind.
CLOTHING
×
The Army Combat Uniform, or ACU, replaced the Battle Dress and Desert Camouflage
uniforms and became standard issue in 2005. It was issued in two different
camouflage patterns based on the area of deployment: the Universal Camouflage
Pattern and later the Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern. The set
includes ripstop trousers, a coat, a patrol cap and moisture-wicking T-shirt and
socks. The Universal Camouflage Pattern was the Army's digitally-based
camouflage, a gray, tan and foliage-green pixelated blend. Most ACUs had
hook-and-loop fasteners except the coat, which had a zipper. The Army eventually
replaced most of the hook-and-loop closures with buttons for current-day
uniforms.
The coat initially had a Mandarin collar and a zipper covered with hook-and-loop
fasteners. There were several pockets with hook-and-loop closures. The name and
Army tape attached above the front pockets were removable.
2015 brought several changes based on soldiers' feedback: The Mandarin collar
was removed; buttons replaced Velcro except on unit shoulder sleeve insignia;
name and Army tapes and rank insignia could now be sewn on; in lieu of Velcro,
cord and barrel locks on pockets were removed; and the pen pocket on the sleeve
went from three to two slots.
The trousers had four cargo pockets: one on each ankle and one on each thigh.
The trousers had reinforced knees and the shirts had reinforced elbows; these
reinforced areas could be fitted with foam protection pads. Trousers also
included a drawstring leg cuff.
When the ACU was introduced, there were about 20 significant updates to the
uniform that separated it from the DCU, DBDU and BDUs.
Separate knee and elbow pads became standard issue. Elbow and knee pad pouches
were later added to the coat and trousers.
The Flight Glove is a short aramid and leather glove that allowed maximum
dexterity and protected hands from fire, cuts and other injuries.
FOOTWEAR
×
The Army Combat Boot (ACB) is a lightweight, waterproof, fireproof and
breathable combat boot made of high-grade nylon and used in temperate weather.
The soles provide grip in mountainous terrain.
The UCP ACU, made out of a breathable flame resistant fabric, was also known as
the FR-ACU. Flame resistant uniforms previously were only issued to aircrew and
armored vehicle personnel.
EQUIPMENT
×
The Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment, or MOLLE, system was introduced
in 1997 but wasn’t issued widely until 2003. Issued first in Woodland and then
Desert camo, the MOLLE was switched to the Universal Camouflage Pattern in 2006.
In 2009, the MOLLE OCP/Multicam was issued to soldiers deployed to Afghanistan.
Beginning in 2015, it was issued to all soldiers after UCP was discontinued for
combat zones.
MOLLE is a fully integrated, modular load-bearing system consisting of a
load-bearing vest with butt pack, main ruck with sustainment pouches and
sleeping bag compartment attached to an external frame. The MOLLE system allows
for versatility and greater load distribution. All the equipment that would
normally be carried on suspenders or pistol belts can be attached in whatever
configuration the individual soldier wants. Attached gear includes a canteen,
first aid pouch and ammo pouches.
The CamelBak Hydration Bladder system supplemented the one-quart and two-quart
canteens to provide an alternative hydration method. It is a plastic water
bladder connected to a length of hose that fits into an insulated bag that can
be strapped on the carrier's back or attached to a rucksack. Soldiers can easily
drink from the bite valve while on the move.
CamelBak was developed by bike racers who needed hydration on the move but could
not slow down to use a bottle or other water source.
M40 AND M50 GAS MASK:
The new gas mask had the same basic design, with improved field of vision
glasses and ballistic capability.
WEAPONS
×
M4 AND M4A1 CARBINES:
The M4 was a lighter, shortened version of the M16 rifle. First issued in the
mid-1990s, it was more prevalent than the M16A2 during the initial years of
OEF/OIF. The M4 has a four position adjustable stock and is capable of
semiautomatic fire and three-round burst. The improved M4 Carbine incorporated a
new rail system to allow attachments of various types such as a laser pointer,
flashlight, shotgun and grenade launcher.
In 2010 the Army decided to only issue the M4A1, which has semiautomatic and
fully automatic firing modes. Existing M4s were upgraded to M4A1.
BODY ARMOR
×
In 2007, the Army introduced the Improved Outer Tactical Vest, or IOTV, which
provided increased protection over the OTV. Improvements included a
side-opening, built-in quick-release system. Other new features included a
ballistic collar, quick release assembly cord, front plate carrier, rear plate
carrier, groin protector, lower back protector and elastic cummerbund assembly.
Enhanced Small Arms Protective Inserts, or ESAPI, plates replaced SAPI beginning
in 2005. The rigid ceramic composite plates have an outer layer of Kevlar or
similar material that are inserted into the front, back and side pockets of the
vest, giving it greater ballistic protection capabilities against high-velocity
rifle rounds.
The Soldier Plate Carrier System, or SPCS, debuted in 2009. Its level of
protection against high-velocity threats was on par with the IOTV but it allowed
for a wider range of motion. The SPCS was lighter but had fewer flexible panels
and less protection against low-velocity fragments. (Not pictured)
IOTV also could be fitted with additional parts such as a groin protector to
extend protection. The vest was issued in various camo patterns. It included the
Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) system. The MOLLE pocket
attachment system, consisting of a webbing grid on the front and back, could
accommodate holsters, pouches and other gear. Equipment could now be attached in
whatever configuration the individual soldier needed.
EQUIPMENT
×
The Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment, or MOLLE, system was introduced
in 1997, but wasn’t issued widely until 2003. Issued in Woodland camo, then the
Desert camo, the MOLLE was switched to gray-tone universal digital color in
2006. In 2009, the MOLLE OCP/Multicam was issued to soldiers deployed to
Afghanistan, and to all soldiers beginning in 2015 after UCP was discontinued
for combat zones.
MOLLE is a fully integrated, modular load bearing system consisting of a
load-bearing vest with butt pack, main ruck with sustainment pouches and
sleeping bag compartment attached to an external frame. The MOLLE system allows
for versatility and greater load distribution. So all the equipment that would
normally be carried on suspenders can be attached in whatever configuration the
individual soldier wants. Attached gear included canteen, ammo pouches, etc.
Camelbak/hydration bladder: The CamelBak hydration system is the new canteen. It
is a plastic water bladder connected to a length of hose that fits into an
insulated bag that can be strapped on the carrier's back or attached to a
rucksack.
CamelBak was developed by bike racers who needed hydration on the move but could
not slow down to use a bottle or other water source.
M40 and M50 Gas Mask: The new gas mask had the same basic design, with improved
field of vision glasses and ballistic capability.
WEAPONRY
×
M4 AND M4 A-1 CARBINES
M4 was lighter and a shortened version of the M16 rifle. It was first issued in
the mid-1990s and was more prevalent during the initial years of OEF/OIF than
the M16A2. The M4 has semi-automatic and three-round burst. The improved M4
Carbine incorporated a new rail system to allow attachments of various types of
electronics and weapons like a laser pointer, flashlight, shotgun, grenade
launcher, etc.
In 2010 the Army decided to only issue the M4A1, which has semi-automatic and
fully automatic firing modes. Existing M4s were upgraded to M4A1.
HEADGEAR
×
Advanced Combat Helmet, or ACH, is based on the PASGT helmet with a few changes.
The helmet reduced the area covering the ears and eyes, significantly reducing
its weight. It has increased bullet protection, provides more head mobility and
includes a pad suspension system and a four-point chinstrap. It also is able to
interface with tactical headsets and microphones, and includes a mounting
bracket for night vision goggles.
CLOTHING
×
The Army switched to the Operational Camouflage Pattern uniform based on
soldiers’ feedback about the digital camouflage. Special Forces were already
using the OCP design in 2006 in Afghanistan. Iraq-deployed soldiers had to still
wear UCP uniforms. The now-standard issued OCP uniform is still made of 50/50
cotton-nylon blend and ripstop fabric.
The upgraded OCP Army Combat Uniform Coat has buttons and a zipper with two
slanted breast pockets. The camouflage sleeves are fitted with cargo pockets
with Velcro panels, enabling the soldier to wear identification and infrared
identification tags.
The upgraded OCP Army Combat Uniform Shirt incorporates a full torso made of
coyote-tan, elastic-nylon material for better cooling when wearing body armor.
It also has pockets on the sleeves. (Not pictured)
The upgraded OCP Army Combat Uniform Trousers have reinforced areas including
the seat and joint areas. Trouser knees can be fitted with rigid pads to protect
soldiers against hard surfaces.
FOOTWEAR
×
The Army Combat Boot is a lightweight combat boot used in temperate weather,
issued in tan or coyote leather. These are made of high-grade nylon and leather
and are waterproof, fireproof and breathable. Soles provide grip in mountainous
terrain. Mountain Combat and Hot Weather boots also are issued for variable
climates.
EQUIPMENT
×
MOLLE II MEDIUM RUCKSACK:
The MOLLE II further improves the original MOLLE system which provides soldiers
with added benefits including versatility, greater load distribution and
customized attachments.
WEAPONS
×
M4A1 CARBINE:
Since the mid-2010s, all carbines issued have been in the M4A1 configuration.
Similar to the M4, the M4A1 continues to allow attachments of various types of
electronics and weapons, including a laser pointer, flashlight, shotgun and
grenade launcher.
BODY ARMOR
×
The Modular Scalable Vest is a bullet-resistant vest that was introduced in
2018. It weighs about 5 pounds less than the Improved Outer Tactical Vest. It
also is scalable, allowing the wearer to tailor the vest to better fit mission
requirements.
WOOL IN SUMMER? AN ARMY HISTORIAN EXPLAINS
×
TRENCH WARFARE MADE PISTOLS, KNIVES IMPORTANT
×
HOW AFRICAN AMERICANS SERVED IN WWI
×
WHY UNIFORM "NAME TAPE" IDS CAME ABOUT
×
REFERENCES
* Emerson, William K., Encyclopedia of the United States Army Insignia and
Uniforms, 1996
* Cole, David, Survey of U.S. Army, Uniforms, Weapons and Accoutrements, 2007
* Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of the Korean War, 1992
* Morel, Aurelien, The Uniforms and Gear of the U.S. Army Soldier, 2012
* Cox, Michael, www.military.com & www.kitup.military.com [Numerous articles
from both websites]
* Brayley, Martin J., Modern Body Armour, 2011
* Halberstadt, Hans, Battle Rattle: The Stuff a Soldier Carries, 2006
* Born, Kevin M, & Barnes, Alexander F., Desert Uniforms, Patches, and Insignia
of the US Armed Forces, 2016
* Arques, Antonio, Grunt: A Pictorial Report on the US Infantry’s Gear and Life
During the Vietnam War 1965-1975, 2014
* Tobey, John E., ed, The Columbia Rifles Research Compendium, 2nd Ed., 2006
* Brown, Patrick, “For Fatigue Purposes…”: The Army Sack Coat of 1857-1872,
2003
* Kochan, James L, & Rickman, David, The United States Army 1812-1815, 2000
* Chartrand, René, A Most Warlike Appearance: Uniforms, Flags and Equipment of
the United States in the War of 1812, 2011
* Chartrand, René, Uniforms and Equipment of the United States Forces in the
War of 1812, 1992
* Lemons, Charles, Uniforms of the US Army Ground Forces 1939-1945, Volumes
1-3, 2011
* Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of the Vietnam War, 1989
* Stanton, Shelby, U.S. Army Uniforms of World War II, 1991
* Werner, Brett, Uniforms, Equipment and Weapons of the American Expeditionary
Forces in World War I, 2006
* Schmidt, Peter A., U.S. Military Flintlock Muskets and Their Bayonets: The
Early Years, 1790-1815, 2006
* Schmidt, Peter A., U.S. Military Flintlock Muskets and Their Bayonets: The
Later Years, 1816 Through the Civil War, 2006
* Katcher, Philip R.N., Uniforms of the Continental Army, 1981
* Reilly, Robert M., United States Martial Flintlocks, 1986
* Neuman, George C., Battle Weapons of the American Revolution, 1998
* Bartocci, Christopher, Black Rifle II: The M16 Into the 21st Century, 2004
* U.S. Army Regulation 670-1, 2005
* www.olive-drab.com
* “Program Executive Office Soldier Portfolio FY 2017: Ensuring Soldier
Dominance,” 2017
CONTRIBUTORS
HISTORIC RESEARCH & REVIEW
* Kaleb Dissinger, Curator of Uniforms, Textiles, & Personal Equipage, U.S.
Army Heritage and Education Center
* Rodney Foytik, Reference Historian, Research and Instruction, U.S. Army
Heritage and Education Center
* David Accetta, Chief Public Affairs, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research
* David Cole, former director, U.S. Army Center for Military History
* Fort McHenry Guard, National Park Service
CONCEPT CREATION, RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
* Regina Ali, Senior Graphic Designer
* Katie Lange, Social Media/Public Affairs Specialist
MULTIMEDIA
* Marvin Lynchard, Photojournalist
* Jon Poindexter, Senior Editor/Videographer
MODELS
* Revolutionary War: Frederick, Jared
* War of 1812: Johnston, Nathaniel (Fort McHenry)
* Civil War (Fatigue): SPC Spence, Javon
* Civil War (Dress): McConnell, Aaron
* WWI (AEF Infantryman): McConnell, Aaron
* WWI (Assigned to the French): PFC Guillory, Jensen
* WWII (1941-1943): Frederick, Jared
* WWII (1943-1945): Woodring, Joshua
* WWII (HBT): Howard, Austin
* Korean War: SGT Rodriguez, Nelson
* Vietnam: PFC Guillory, Jensen
* Desert Storm: Musselman, Aaron
* OEF/OIF (Early 2000s): Schneider, Garrett
* OEF/OIF (2005-2019): McConnell, Sarah
* Modern: SGT Rodriguez, Nelson
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