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ENGINEERS CREATE 1ST ROBOTS CAPABLE OF COMPLEX ACTIONS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY

THE TEAM DEVELOPED A REVERSIBLE CIRCUIT WITH AN ADJUSTABLE VALVE THAT USES
PRESSURE SIGNALS TO CONTROL SOFT ROBOTS, REDUCING SOFTWARE STRAIN.

Updated: Oct 09, 2024 12:14 AM EST

Jijo Malayil

2 months ago

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The design enables robots to receive complex instructions without electricity,
freeing up their 'brain' for advanced functions.

iStock

Engineers have developed an advanced method of transmitting complex instructions
to robots without using electricity. This could potentially free up more
processing space in the robot’s system for advanced functions.

King’s College London (KCL) researchers developed a novel kind of tiny circuit
that communicates through changes in fluid pressure, drawing inspiration from
the functioning of the human body.

The method enables robots to carry out tasks independently of conventional
electrical systems by transmitting a series of commands using a fluid inside the
circuit.

According to a statement by the team, this “world first opens up the possibility
of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their
built-in control centre, with this space potentially being used instead for more
complex AI-powered software.”




SOFT VALVE INNOVATION

Soft robots, known for their flexibility and safety, have become useful in
various applications, such as wearable devices and manipulators. Typically,
these robots are controlled by traditional systems using solenoid valves,
regulators, and pumps, which limits their mobility and miniaturization.

To address this, scientists are exploring new designs for soft valves and pumps,
which can be integrated into the robot’s body, improving efficiency and allowing
use in harsh environments. These soft valves, which control fluid flow by
bending tubes, reduce the need for many control inputs.

Image shows the soft hopper setup with the reconfigurable oscillator circuit
(top left) and pressure waveforms at four X values (bottom right).

Some designs can remember or forget previous states, and others can create
oscillators that work like a clock, enabling robots to perform tasks like
swimming and climbing. However, certain approaches still require many valves and
extra pressure regulation to fine-tune their operations.

“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. By
creating a hardware system independent from the software running it, we can
offload a lot of the computational load onto the hardware, in the same way your
brain doesn’t need to tell your heart to beat,” said Antonio Forte, Senior
Lecturer in Engineering at King’s College London and senior author of the study,
in a statement.





PRESSURE-BASED CONTROL

Robots now depend entirely on electricity and computer chips to operate. A
robotic “brain” composed of algorithms and software translates commands to the
robot’s body through encoders, which then carry out actions.

In soft robotics, where devices like robotic muscles are made from flexible
materials, this reliance on hard electronic components creates challenges.
Complex tasks, such as grabbing a door handle, put extra strain on the software,
as the soft materials require intricate encoding.

In order to solve this, scientists created a reversible circuit that
incorporates an adjustable valve into the robot’s hardware. This valve uses
pressure signals, which are akin to binary code, to control movements, much like
a transistor in conventional circuits.

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Because of this, robots can perform intricate movements without the use of
electricity or a centralized control system. Compared to the current fluid-based
circuits, the pressure-based approach provides more flexibility and control.

The novel circuit transfers control from software to hardware, reducing
computing load and paving the way for more powerful and adaptable robotic
systems in the future.





SCALABLE PRESSURE SOLUTIONS

The design could enable robots to function in places where electricity is not
practicable, such as radiation-prone sites like Chernobyl or sensitive
electrical spaces like MRI rooms. These robots are also intended to be used in
low-income areas with spotty access to electricity.

Anticipated challenges in scaling the circuit for larger robots include
tethering them to a continuous pressure source. To address this, pressure
circuits must be made compatible with low-pressure inputs. “This is actually
something we’re already working on, and we have taken big steps towards this
aim—we expect to have it published soon,” Mostafa Mousa, a postgraduate
researcher at KCL and co-author of the study, told Interesting Engineering.

This technology also has the potential to enhance soft robotics by overcoming
current limitations in dexterity. A single robot can perform differently by
reconfiguring its core element, the valve that alters signal frequency, without
changing any circuit components. The goal is to expand this capability, enabling
robots to perform various tasks without modifying actuators or circuits, which
would save roboticists time and energy.

The team’s current goal is to scale up their invention for more extensive uses,
integrating these circuits into drive-wheeled systems with soft engines or
robots that monitor power plants.

The details of the team’s findings were published in the journal Advanced
Science.




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ABOUT THE EDITOR

Jijo Malayil Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed
with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and
a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication,
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discourse, travel, and teach languages.


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