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CLEAN POWER


DIY EXPERIMENTERS STILL MAKING PROGRESS ON SOLAR CARS

While directly powering a vehicle’s electric motor with on-vehicle panels is
still pretty far out of the question, using relatively low-power solar cells to
charge a battery shows a lot more promise.

By

Jennifer Sensiba

Published

September 15, 2020
47 Comments

With home/rooftop solar, a growing number of EV drivers are doing most of their
driving on home-generated solar power. Solar panels mounted on vehicles
themselves, on the other hand, have been the subject of well-deserved
skepticism. But is this skepticism still well deserved in 2020?

Photo provided by James at RealSolarCars.com

While directly powering a vehicle’s electric motor with on-vehicle panels is
still pretty far out of the question (outside of very impractical experimental
cars), using relatively low-power solar cells to charge a battery shows a lot
more promise. Universities and companies with fairly deep pockets have been
experimenting with battery-solar vehicles for decades, with some fairly good
progress recently.

For example, Toyota has a Prius Prime prototype that adds 27 miles of driving
range per day in good conditions, while Sono Motors estimates its cars can add
19 miles of range per day with typical German solar conditions. 15-30 miles of
range isn’t enough for onboard solar to be a car’s only power source, but it can
cover most of the average driver’s needs while leaving the rest to grid charging
or home solar.



On the other hand, on-vehicle solar panels have to make financial sense to car
buyers. Sure, a vehicle with the best commercially available panels (ex. Sono
Motors), or even expensive experimental panels (ex. Toyota’s prototype) can do
amazing things, but if the panels cost too much, they negate most of the
advantage one can gain from charging with them. The price can’t exceed the
benefits if we are to expect mass adoption.

One way we can gauge a technology’s cost is how accessible it is for the DIY
crowd. If people without deep corporate or governmental pockets can successfully
use a technology, it’s probably something an automaker can offer even cheaper.
DIY experimenters don’t have the advantage of mass production, bulk purchasing
from suppliers, and an array of experts to help implement the solution. With
those advantages, the cost per mile of added daily range can be lower.

Last year, I wrote about Sam Elliot’s solar Nissan LEAF. With its degraded
battery pack, his recently-purchased used LEAF could get him to work, but
couldn’t quite get him home. His workplace doesn’t offer EV charging, so he had
to find another way to add a few more miles, leading to his solar charging
project. His recent video update tells us about his expanded slide-out solar
panels, improved…



In the above video, we learn about how Sam’s setup has improved over time. He’s
been adding additional panels, including some that slide out for more surface
area while parked. While more cells on more panels helps raise the number of
miles added, Sam still struggles with the inability to directly charge the
LEAF’s pack, instead relying on a somewhat complicated system of extra
batteries, an inverter, a timer, and an EVSE. It works, but it’s probably a lot
more trouble than most people would want in a solar car.

He interviews James, whose electronics skills helped him put that solar power
directly into a Chevy Volt’s battery pack. It required a custom circuit board
and several connections under the hood, but it didn’t require opening up the
battery pack, so it’s probably the best approach so far to add solar to cars
that weren’t built that way. On his site, he gives detailed stats for the last
several days of driving. While gaining around 1 kWh per day (around 4 miles for
a Volt) is far from impressive compared to home solar and automaker efforts,
it’s only using two solar panels to do this. Custom panels covering most of the
vehicle would give results a lot closer to what we’re seeing with Sono or Toyota
above.



Between what both the automakers and these two DIY tinkerers have done, we are
starting to see how this all could end up working in the mass market. Obviously,
surface area is going to be important for any solar-battery car. More area means
more range added, so most of the car’s surface is going to need to be covered
for flush-mounted installs. While parked, though, vehicles could do what Sam’s
LEAF and the Solarrolla/Route del Sol van do: fold out more and more panels to
get closer to the kind of power you can get from a home rooftop setup. Even Elon
Musk seems warm to the idea:





While still probably not up to what most drivers would want in a solar vehicle,
the technology is advancing rapidly and isn’t going to be worthy of skepticism
forever.


 
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In this article:solar cars

Written By Jennifer Sensiba

Jennifer Sensiba is a long time efficient vehicle enthusiast, writer, and
photographer. She grew up around a transmission shop, and has been experimenting
with vehicle efficiency since she was 16 and drove a Pontiac Fiero. She likes to
explore the Southwest US with her partner, kids, and animals. Follow her on
Twitter for her latest articles and other random things:
https://twitter.com/JenniferSensiba


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