saemobilus.sae.org
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Submitted URL: https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2079
Effective URL: https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/2020-01-2079/
Submission: On November 11 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/2020-01-2079/
Submission: On November 11 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis
16 forms found in the DOMName: SearchForm — GET /search/
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<div class="search-bar">
<div class="s-b-criteria">
<div class="s-b-c-row"> <!-- Add flex-wrap:wrap with media query. -->
<div class="search-group">
<div class="search-text-container s-t-c-first">
<label for="advSearchTxt0" class="sr-only">Search Text:</label>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" id="advSearchTxt0" class="form-control search-text ui-autocomplete-input" name="conditions[0].keyword" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="Enter keyword, authors, product code..." autocomplete="off"
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<div class="s-t-c-clear-button">
<button type="button" class="clear-text tltip" data-povr="none"><i class="fa fa-times"><span class="sr-only">Clear keyword</span></i>
<div class="tltip-container" style="left: 8px;">
<div class="tltiptext">Clear keyword</div>
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<label for="advSearchType0">in: </label>
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<select id="advSearchType0" class="form-control search-type" name="conditions[0].fieldId">
<option value="fulltextPlusMeta">Metadata + Full Text</option>
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<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="authorAffiliations">Author Affiliation</option>
<option value="authorName">Author Name</option>
<option value="crossReferenceNumber">Cross Ref. Number</option>
<option value="publisherCountry">Country Published</option>
<option value="code">Doc Number</option>
<option value="doiNumber">DOI Number</option>
<option value="issueNumber">Issue</option>
<option value="journalTitle">Journal Title</option>
<option value="larger-pub">Larger Pub. Number</option>
<option value="eventName">Meeting Name</option>
<option value="publisher">Publisher</option>
<option value="title">Title</option>
<option value="journalVolumeNumber">Volume</option>
<option value="fulltextOnly">Full-Text Document Only</option>
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<input type="hidden" name="conditions[0].operator" value="" id="operatorCon[0]">
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</div>
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<div class="s-b-search-btn">
<div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" data-link-type="cta" onclick="addElements()" data-link-text="search">Search</button>
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<div class="s-b-s-b-search-tips">
<span>
<a id="searchTipButton1" data-povr="none" data-toggle="modal" data-keyboard="false" data-backdrop="static" href="#searchTipModal" class="tltip">
<i class="far fa-question-circle"><span class="sr-only">Search tips</span></i>
<div class="tltip-container" style="left: -29px;"><div class="tltiptext">Search tips</div></div></a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="s-b-advanced-search" style="">
<button type="button" class="advanced">Advanced Search</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Name: loginadvanced — POST /advanced/
<form target="overlayiframe" method="post" action="/advanced/" name="loginadvanced">
<input type="hidden" value="1" name="isOverlay">
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Name: downloadForm — GET /download/
<form id="downloadForm" name="downloadForm" action="/download/" method="get">
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Name: citationForm — POST /exportMultiple
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Name: exportForm — /exportmeta
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<input type="hidden" name="prodCode" value="2020-01-2079">
<input type="hidden" name="cid" value="1000427333">
<input type="hidden" name="formDigiLib" value="Y">
<input type="hidden" name="fromExportDl" value="Y">
<input type="hidden" name="citatonType" id="exportCitationType">
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped table-condensed table-hover" style="margin-bottom: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exportFileFormat">File Format:</label>
<select name="fileFormat" class="form-control value" id="exportFileFormat">
<option value="xlsx">.xlsx</option>
<option value="csv">.csv</option>
<option value="txt">Text</option>
</select>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="form-group" style="display:none">
<label for="num-results">Number of Results:</label>
<select name="resultsNum" class="form-control value" id="num-results">
<option value="selected">Selected</option>
<option value="25">25</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
<option value="1000">All(upto 1000)</option>
</select>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<div class="key">
<strong>Select Fields to Export</strong>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="iNum" id="checkbox-inum" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-inum"><span class="check-title">Item Number</span></label>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="contentType" id="checkbox-contype" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-contype"><span class="check-title">Content Type</span></label>
</div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="title" id="checkbox-title" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-title"><span class="check-title">Title</span></label>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="author" id="checkbox-author" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-author"><span class="check-title">Author(s)</span></label>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="affiliation" id="checkbox-affiliation" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-affiliation"><span class="check-title">Affiliation(s)</span></label>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="publisher" id="checkbox-pub" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-pub"><span class="check-title">Publisher</span></label>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="pubDate" id="checkbox-pubdt" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-pubdt"><span class="check-title">Publish Date</span></label>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="abstr" id="checkbox-abstr" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-abstr"><span class="check-title">Abstract/scope</span></label>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="citation" id="checkbox-citation" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-citation"><span class="check-title">Citation</span></label>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="check">
<input name="doi" id="checkbox-doi" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="checkbox-doi"><span class="check-title">DOI</span></label>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<button type="submit" id="exportSubmitButton" class="btn btn-primary pull-right" data-link-type="cta" data-link-text="submit">Submit</button>
</div>
</form>
Name: bookmarkForm — POST /bookmark
<form name="bookmarkForm" id="bookmarkForm" action="/bookmark" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="prodStat" value="AVL">
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<input type="hidden" name="rootProdCd" value="2020-01-2079">
<input type="hidden" name="alertId" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Toward Predictive Combustion Modeling of CNG SI Engines in 1D Simulation Tools">
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<input type="hidden" name="isAddNewFolder" id="isAddNewFolder" value="false">
<input type="hidden" name="userRole" id="userRole" value="OWNER">
<div id="bookmarkFolderLoading" style="display:none;">Please wait. Loading Project Folders...</div>
<div class="form-group" id="bookmarkFolder">
<label for="favoriteFolder" id="favorite-dialog-description">Select a project to save the publication to:</label>
<select class="form-control" id="favoriteFolder" name="folderId" onclick="hideAddFolderButton()">
</select>
<div id="favoriteFolderErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<div id="addFolder" style="display: none;">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="newFolderName">Folder Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="newFolderName" name="newFolderName" maxlength="25" class="form-control">
<div id="newFolderNameErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
<div style="display:none" class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="button" id="bookmarkFormNewFolderButton" class="btn btn-default pull-right" data-link-type="cta" style="margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0.3em;" onclick="showAddFolderButton();" data-link-text="add a new folder">Add a New Folder</button>
<div id="bookmarkWarnings" style="display:none;overflow-y: scroll;overflow-x: hidden;height: 6em;"> The following documents have already been saved to a project folder and will be moved to the selected folder <ul style="padding-left:2em;">
</ul>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</form>
Name: emailAFriendForm — POST /shareemail
<form name="emailAFriendForm" method="post" action="/shareemail" id="emailAFriendForm">
<input type="hidden" name="method" value="shareProductAjax">
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="17935bc0-cc7c-450e-b32f-12231f15bbdf"><input type="hidden" name="CID" value="1000427333">
<p id="emailShare-dialog-description" class="sr-only">Share this content via e-mail.</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="senderName">Your Name:</label><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>
<input name="senderName" type="text" class="form-control" id="senderName">
<div id="senderNameErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="senderEmail">Your Email:</label><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>
<input name="senderEmail" type="email" class="form-control" id="senderEmail">
<div id="senderEmailErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label title="Use a comma to separate multiple email addresses." for="recepients">Recipients:</label><span class="alert-red-text">* </span> <span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;opacity:0.7"> Use a comma to separate multiple email
addresses.</span>
<textarea name="recepients" class="form-control" rows="2" id="recepients"></textarea>
<div id="recepientsErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="emailMessage">Message:</label>
<textarea name="comments" class="form-control" rows="6" id="emailMessage">I saw this information from SAE International and I think you will find it very useful.</textarea>
<div id="emailMessageErrorText" class="errorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<span class="check">
<input id="cc" name="ccEmail" type="checkbox" checked="checked" value="Y">
<label for="cc">
<span class="check-title">CC me on Email</span></label>
</span>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</form>
Name: purchaseForm — POST /digitallibrary/journalPurchase.do
<form name="purchaseForm" id="pjForm" action="/digitallibrary/journalPurchase.do" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="saetkn" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="method" value="journalPurchaseAjax">
<input type="hidden" name="productCode" value="2020-01-2079">
<input type="hidden" name="journalMagCode" value="">
<strong><span class="alert-red-text">*</span> Required Field</strong>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="pjName"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Name:</label>
<input type="text" autocomplete="name" class="form-control" id="pjName" name="contactName">
<div id="pjNameErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="pjEmail"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Email:</label>
<input type="email" autocomplete="email" class="form-control" id="pjEmail" name="email">
<div id="pjEmailErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="pjPhoneNumber"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Phone Number:</label>
<input type="tel" autocomplete="tel" class="form-control" id="pjPhoneNumber" name="phoneNumber" maxlength="15">
<div id="pjPhoneNumberErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="pjComments"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Comments:</label>
<textarea class="form-control" id="pjComments" name="comments"></textarea>
<div id="pjCommentsErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
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</form>
Name: requestContentForm — POST /requestcontent/
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<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="17935bc0-cc7c-450e-b32f-12231f15bbdf"><input type="hidden" name="method" value="requestContent">
<input type="hidden" name="contentType" id="requestContentType" value="Technical Paper">
<input type="hidden" name="prodCode" id="requestProdCode" value="2020-01-2079">
<input type="hidden" name="cid" id="requestCid" value="1000427333">
<input type="hidden" name="title" id="requestTitle" value="Toward Predictive Combustion Modeling of CNG SI Engines in 1D Simulation Tools">
<p id="requestContent-dialog-description">The following form will send a content request to your subscription administrator.</p>
<div class="row" id="requestModalTitle">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="form-group"><span>Product Title:</span>
<div> Toward Predictive Combustion Modeling of CNG SI Engines in 1D Simulation Tools</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6" id="requestModalContentType">
<div class="form-group">
<span>Product Type:</span> Technical Paper
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6" id="requestModalProdCd">
<div class="form-group">
<span>Product Number:</span> 2020-01-2079
</div>
</div>
</div>
<strong><span class="alert-red-text">*</span> Required Field</strong>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstName"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>First Name</label>
<input name="firstName" type="text" class="form-control" id="firstName">
<div id="firstNameErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="lastName"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Last Name</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" id="lastName">
<div id="lastNameErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="text" class="form-control" id="email">
<div id="emailErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="phone"><span class="alert-red-text">* </span>Phone</label>
<input name="phone" type="text" class="form-control" id="phone">
<div id="phoneErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="justificationMessage"><span class="required">*</span> Request Justification (Limit: 1000 characters)</label>
<textarea class="form-control" id="justificationMessage" name="justificationMessage" style="width:100%;" rows="12" data-gramm="" data-txt_gramm_id="997d2509-c63b-748f-e1d0-d7fdb0a99709" maxlength="1000"></textarea>
<div class="errorText message" id="justificationMessageErrorText" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Name: loginForm — POST /logon/
<form action="/logon/" name="loginForm" method="post" onsubmit="return validatelogin();">
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="17935bc0-cc7c-450e-b32f-12231f15bbdf">
<div class="login-group">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="subscription_user_id">User ID:</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" maxlength="60" value="" id="subscription_user_id" name="username">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="subscription_password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" maxlength="255" name="password" id="subscription_password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="check"><input type="checkbox" id="remember_me"><label style="margin-top:4px;" for="remember_me"><span class="check-title">Remember Me</span></label></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group" id="suberrgrp" style="clear:both; padding-top:10px; display: none">
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
<i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span
id="suberr"></span><br><a data-link-type="cta" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false" data-toggle="modal" onclick="openTechSupportModal();" data-link-text="contact technical support">Contact Technical Support</a>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right" data-link-type="cta" value="Login" onclick="return doauthentication();" data-link-text="login">Login</button>
</div>
</form>
Name: ssoLoginForm — POST /ssologon/
<form action="/ssologon/" name="ssoLoginForm" method="post" onsubmit="return validateIdpLogin();">
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="17935bc0-cc7c-450e-b32f-12231f15bbdf">
<div>
<div class="login-group">
<input type="hidden" name="fedID">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="idps">Institution:</label>
<select class="form-control idp-list" name="entityID" id="idps">
<option value=""> </option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group" id="fedNameGroup" style="display:none;">
<span><strong>Federation:</strong></span>
<span id="fedName"></span>
</div>
</div>
<p> Please contact your administrator if your institution is not listed.</p>
</div>
<div class="form-group" id="intErrGrp" style="display: none">
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
<i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span id="intErr"></span><br><a data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false" data-toggle="modal" onclick="openTechSupportModal();">Contact Technical Support</a>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right" data-link-type="cta" id="institutional_submit" onclick="return doIdpauthentication();" data-link-text="login">Login</button>
</div>
</form>
Name: TechnicalSupportModalForm — POST /contact-us/
<form name="TechnicalSupportModalForm" method="post" action="/contact-us/" id="TechnicalSupportModalForm" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="hidden" name="method" value="submitTechnicalSupportForm">
<input type="hidden" name="feedbackMessageLen" id="feedbackMessageLen" value="0">
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="17935bc0-cc7c-450e-b32f-12231f15bbdf"><input name="signup" type="hidden" value="">
<input name="transkey" value="" type="hidden">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p id="TechnicalSupport-dialog-description"> Please use this form to contact SAE with your questions, comments, or feedback regarding the SAE MOBILUS platform. Use the available phone numbers or email address at the bottom of the form to
contact Customer Sales directly.</p>
</div>
</div>
<strong><span class="required">*</span> Required Field</strong>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-xs-12">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="companyName"><span class="required">*</span> Company</label>
<input name="companyName" type="text" class="form-control" id="companyName">
<div id="companyNameErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-xs-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="contactName"><span class="required">*</span> Name</label>
<input name="contactName" type="text" class="form-control" id="contactName">
<div id="contactNameErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-xs-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="phnNum"><span class="required">*</span> Phone</label>
<input name="phnNum" type="text" class="form-control" id="phnNum" maxlength="15">
<div id="phnNumErrorText" class="errorText message" style="display:none;"></div>
</div>
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SAE MOBILUS Navigation SAE MOBILUS technical resource platform * Return to Homepage * * SAE International Website * SAE MobilityRxiv * SAE MOBILUS * SAE OnQue * SAE StandardsWorks * * About Contact Legal & Policies Sprache auswählen ▼ Subscribe today! Subscribe today! Help Login SAE International SAE International SAE Mobilus Home Search Dashboard Learning Center Browse Books Committees EDGE Research Reports Events Journals Magazines Training Topics Standards Search Text: Clear keyword Clear keyword in: Metadata + Full Text Metadata Only Abstract Author Affiliation Author Name Cross Ref. Number Country Published Doc Number DOI Number Issue Journal Title Larger Pub. 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Purchase: $33.00 TOWARD PREDICTIVE COMBUSTION MODELING OF CNG SI ENGINES IN 1D SIMULATION TOOLS 1 CITATION 1 Total citation 1 Recent citation n/a Field Citation Ratio n/a Relative Citation Ratio Technical Paper 2020-01-2079 ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2079 Published September 15, 2020 by SAE International View list of content related to the publisher(s) in United States This content contains downloadable datasets This content contains downloadable datasets Annotation ability available Annotation ability available Sector: Commercial Vehicle Content related to Commercial Vehicle Event: SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting Technical Paper presented at SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting Language: English ABSTRACT In the recent years, the interest in heavy-duty engines fueled with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is increasing due to the necessity to comply with the stringent CO2 limitation imposed by national and international regulations. Indeed, the reduced number of carbon atoms of the NG molecule allows to reduce the CO2 emissions compared to a conventional fuel. The possibility to produce synthetic methane from renewable energy sources, or bio-methane from agricultural biomass and/or animal waste, contributes to support the switch from conventional fuel to CNG. To drive the engine development and reduce the time-to-market, the employment of numerical analysis is mandatory. This requires a continuous improvement of the simulation models toward real predictive analyses able to reduce the experimental R&D efforts. In this framework, 1D numerical codes are fundamental tools for system design, energy management optimization, and so on. The present work is focused on the improvement of the combustion model of natural gas spark ignition engines suitable for 1D simulation. To this aim, an extensive experimental campaign of a SI engine, customized for CNG use, is carried out at various speeds and loads, in which global engine performance and cylinder pressure traces are recorded and analyzed. Subsequently, a 1D model of the tested engine is implemented in a commercial tool and integrated with “in-house developed” sub-models for the description of in-cylinder phenomena, such as combustion, turbulence and heat transfer. The proposed numerical approach, extensively validated in the past for gasoline fueled engines, shows here the ability to reproduce with good accuracy the performance of a heavy-duty CNG fueled engine, too. In particular, the in-cylinder pressure traces, burn rates and main performance parameters, are well predicted in its whole operating plane, without requiring a case-dependent tuning. AUTHORS * Marco Riccardi Works by Marco Riccardi - University of Naples/Istituto Motori CNR Content by authors affiliated with University of Naples/Istituto Motori CNR * Carlo Beatrice Works by Carlo Beatrice - Istituto Motori CNR Content by authors affiliated with Istituto Motori CNR * Pierpaolo Napolitano Works by Pierpaolo Napolitano - Istituto Motori CNR Content by authors affiliated with Istituto Motori CNR * Daniela Tufano Works by Daniela Tufano - University of Naples Federico II Content by authors affiliated with University of Naples Federico II * Fabio Bozza Works by Fabio Bozza - University of Naples Federico II Content by authors affiliated with University of Naples Federico II * Vincenzo De Bellis Works by Vincenzo De Bellis - University of Naples Federico II Content by authors affiliated with University of Naples Federico II TOPIC * Spark ignition engines Content related to Spark ignition engines * Compressed natural gas Content related to Compressed natural gas * Natural gas Content related to Natural gas * Combustion and combustion processes Content related to Combustion and combustion processes * Engines Content related to Engines * Heat transfer Content related to Heat transfer * Mathematical analysis Content related to Mathematical analysis CITATION Riccardi, M., Tufano, D., Beatrice, C., Bozza, F. et al., "Toward Predictive Combustion Modeling of CNG SI Engines in 1D Simulation Tools," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2079, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2079. DATA SETS - SUPPORT DOCUMENTS Title Description Download Unnamed Dataset 1 Unnamed Dataset 2 Unnamed Dataset 3 Unnamed Dataset 4 ALSO IN REFERENCES 1. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/pages/vision_1_emissions_en.pdf 2. Fraidl , G. Aug. 2019 3. Pengg , H. Apr. 2018 4. Alamia , A. , Magnusson , I. , Johnsson , F. , and Thunman , H. Well-to-Wheel Analysis of Bio-Methane via Gasification, in Heavy Duty Engines within the Transport Sector of the European Union Applied Energy 170 445 454 2016 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.001 5. Blanco , H. , Nijs , W. , Ruf , J. , and Faaij , A. Potential of Power-to-Methane in the EU Energy Transition to a Low Carbon System Using Cost Optimization Applied Energy 232 323 340 2018 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.027 6. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12313-Development-of-Euro-7-emission-standards-for-cars-vans-lorries-and-buses 7. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0427 8. Maroteaux , D. http://www.sae-na.it 9. Trindade , W. , and Santos , R. Combustion Modeling Applied to Engines Using a 1D Simulation Code SAE Technical Paper 2016-36-0347 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-36-0347 10. Demesoukas , S. , Caillol , C. , Higelin , P. , and Boiarciuc , A. Zero-Dimensional Spark Ignition Combustion Modeling - A Comparison of Different Approaches SAE Technical Paper 2013-24-0022 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0022 11. Taritas , I. , Kozarac , D. , Sjeric , M. , and Sierra Aznar , M. Development and Validation of a Quasi-Dimensional Dual Fuel (Diesel - Natural Gas) Combustion Model SAE Int. J. Engines 10 2 483 500 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0517 12. Teodosio , L. , De Bellis , V. , and Bozza , F. Combined Effects of Valve Strategies, Compression Ratio, Water Injection, and Cooled EGR on the Fuel Consumption of a Small Turbocharged VVA Spark-Ignition Engine SAE International Journal of Engines 11 6 643 656 https://www.jstor.org/stable/26649121 13. Tornatore , C. , Siano , D. , Marchitto , L. , Iacobacci , A. et al. Water Injection: A Technology to Improve Performance and Emissions of Downsized Turbocharged Spark Ignited Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 10 5 2319 2329 2017 https://www.jstor.org/stable/264226160 14. Bozza , F. , De Bellis , V. , Teodosio , L. , Tufano , D. , and Malfi , E. Techniques for CO 2 Emission Reduction Over a WLTC. A Numerical Comparison of Increased Compression Ratio, Cooled EGR and Water Injection SAE Technical Paper 2018-37-0008 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-37-0008 15. De Bellis , V. , Severi , E. , Fontanesi , S. , and Bozza , F. Hierarchical 1D/3D Approach for the Development of a Turbulent Combustion Model Applied to a VVA Turbocharged Engine. Part II: Combustion Model Energy Procedia 45 1027 1036 2014 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.108 16. Franke , C. , Wirth , A. , Peters , N. 1990 17. Gatowsky , J.A. , and Heywood , J.B. Flame Photographs in a Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion and Flame 56 71 81 1984 18. North , G.L. , and Santavicca , D.A. The Fractal Nature of Premixed Turbulent Flames Combustion Science and Technology 72 4-6 215 232 1990 10.1080/00102209008951648 19. Bozza , F. , De Bellis , V. , Berni , F. , D'Adamo , A. , and Maresca , L. Refinement of a 0D Turbulence Model to Predict Tumble and Turbulent Intensity in SI Engines. Part I: 3D Analyses SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0850 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0850 20. Bozza , F. , Teodosio , L. , De Bellis , V. , Fontanesi , S. , and Iorio , A. A Refined 0D Turbulence Model to Predict Tumble and Turbulence in SI Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 12 03-12-01-0002 4271/03-12-01-0002 21. De Bellis , V. , Bozza , F. , and Tufano , D. A Comparison Between Two Phenomenological Combustion Models Applied to Different SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2184 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2184 22. De Bellis , V. , Malfi , E. , Teodosio , L. , Giannattasio , P. , and Di Lenarda , F. A Novel Laminar Flame Speed Correlation for the Refinement of the Flame Front Description in a Phenomenological Combustion Model for Spark-Ignition Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 12 3 251 271 2019 23. Blizard , N. , and Keck , J. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Turbulent Burning Model for Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 740191 1974 https://doi.org/10.4271/740191 24. Keck , J. , Heywood , J. , and Noske , G. Early Flame Development and Burning Rates in Spark Ignition Engines and Their Cyclic Variability SAE Technical Paper 870164 1987 https://doi.org/10.4271/870164 25. Peters , N. Laminar Flamelet Concepts in Turbulent Combustion Symposium (International) on Combustion 21 1 1231 1250 1988 10.1016/S0082-0784(88)80355-2 26. Bates , C.S. http://www.tvu.com/ 27. North , G.L. , and Santavicca , D.A. The Fractal Nature of Premixed Turbulent Flames Combustion Science and Technology 72 4-6 215 232 1990 10.1080/00102209008951648 28. Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals 930 New York Mcgraw-Hill 1988 007028637X 29. Lavoie , G. , Heywood , J. , and Keck , J. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Nitric Oxide Formation in Internal Combustion Engines Combustion science and technology 1 4 313 326 1970 10.1080/00102206908952211 30. Amirante , R. , Distaso , E. , Tamburrano , P. , and Reitz , R.D. Laminar Flame Speed Correlations for Methane, Ethane, Propane and their Mixtures, and Natural Gas and Gasoline for Spark-Ignition Engine Simulations International Journal of Engine Research 18 9 951 970 2017 10.1177/146808747720018 31. Amirante , R. , Distaso , E. , Tamburrano , P. , and Reitz , R.D. Analytical Correlations for Modeling the Laminar Flame Speed of Natural Gas Surrogate Mixtures Energy Procedia 126 850 857 2017 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.289 32. Teodosio , L. , Bozza , F. , Tufano , D. , Giannattasio , P. et al. Impact of the Laminar Flame Speed Correlation on the Results of a Quasi-Dimensional Combustion Model for Spark-Ignition Engine Energy Procedia 148 631 638 2018 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.151 CITED BY Close View/Annotate Content Loading, Please Wait Close Close Document Preview Content Loading, Please Wait Close Close Document Comparison Content Loading, Please Wait Close Close Download A list of downloadable items. 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