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WHAT IS PSYCHOSIS?

Psychosis is a mental health crisis that changes how a person perceives,
experiences and interacts with reality.

People experiencing psychosis may have hallucinations, which are sensory
experiences that seem real but aren’t, such as hearing voices or seeing things
that aren’t there. They may also have delusions, which are false beliefs that
are not based in reality, such as believing that they are being followed or that
they have special powers. A more detailed description of specific symptoms of
psychosis can be found below.




Symptoms of psychosis generally fall into three categories. 

Positive


 These are new or additional (+) experiences and include the more commonly
recognized symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. 

Negative


 These are reductions (-) or the removal of experiences and sometimes can seem
like symptoms of depression but are distinct from the individual's mood. This
can include reduced emotional expression or lack of motivation.

Cognitive


These are changes in how a person thinks and may impact their ability to do the
things they used to do easily. These symptoms can include changes in memory,
attention or planning.


WHY IS GETTING HELP EARLY IMPORTANT?

The timing of professional intervention is crucial in managing a first episode
of psychosis. Research shows that addressing symptoms of psychosis early on can
improve a person’s outcomes. In simpler terms, the sooner an individual receives
support, the better their chances are of a positive response to treatment and a
path to recovery and well-being.


WHAT IS THE BEST TREATMENT FOR PSYCHOSIS?

Every individual’s experience with psychosis is unique, meaning treatment
approaches might vary based on a person’s needs. While one-size-fits-all doesn’t
apply here, evidence-based practices emphasize a multidisciplinary approach for
optimal results. Here’s a look at some core interventions:

Medication Management


A psychiatrist or prescriber can help address distressing positive symptoms with
medication. Shared decision making includes the person in the process of
identifying optimal dosages that maximize benefits and minimize side effects
according to the person’s preferences. Finding the right medication can take
time, and having open communication about what is working and what is not can
make the process more successful.

Psychotherapy


Therapists or counselors can facilitate open and non-judgmental conversations,
as well as more structured sessions, that can assist individuals in  gaining
insights into their experiences and learn coping mechanisms and ways to navigate
life with psychosis. There are a number of therapeutic interventions for
psychosis but the evidence base has most strongly recommended Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) which focuses on reframing beliefs and
Individual Resiliency Training (IRT) which focuses on educating the individual
so they can be an active participant in their treatment. 

Family Education


Evidence has shown that outcomes improve when natural supports are educated
around psychosis, methods for communication, and have their own supports for
self care. There are a number of resources available for families including
communication tips and techniques as well as support groups to connect with
other families.

Peer Support


 For someone experiencing psychosis, there's something profound in connecting
with someone who's "been there” themselves. Certified Peer Support Workers
(CPSWs) offer a safe space for individuals to share, relate, and feel
comfortable knowing they're not alone.

Occupational Therapy


 Individuals experiencing psychosis may have changes in their thinking that can
impact their ability to function in school, work or daily living. By enhancing
and learning new daily life skills to manage symptoms, occupational therapy
supports individuals in achieving independence and improving their overall
quality of life despite the challenges posed by psychosis.


MEDICATION MANAGEMENT

A psychiatrist or prescriber can help address distressing positive symptoms with
medication. Shared decision making includes the person in the process of
identifying optimal dosages that maximize benefits and minimize side effects
according to the person’s preferences. Finding the right medication can take
time, and having open communication about what is working and what is not can
make the process more successful.


PYSCHOTHERAPY

Therapists or counselors can facilitate open and non-judgmental conversations,
as well as more structured sessions, that can assist individuals in gaining
insights into their experiences and learn coping mechanisms and ways to navigate
life with psychosis. There are a number of therapeutic interventions for
psychosis but the evidence base has most strongly recommended Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) which focuses on reframing beliefs and
Individual Resiliency Training (IRT) which focuses on educating the individual
so they can be an active participant in their treatment.


FAMILY EDUCATION

Evidence has shown that outcomes improve when natural supports are educated
around psychosis, methods for communication, and have their own supports for
self care. There are a number of resources available for families including
communication tips and techniques as well as support groups to connect with
other families.


PEER SUPPORT

For someone experiencing psychosis, there's something profound in connecting
with someone who's "been there” themselves. Certified Peer Support Workers
(CPSWs) offer a safe space for individuals to share, relate, and feel
comfortable knowing they're not alone.


OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

Individuals experiencing psychosis may have changes in their thinking that can
impact their ability to function in school, work or daily living. By enhancing
and learning new daily life skills to manage symptoms, occupational therapy
supports individuals in achieving independence and improving their overall
quality of life despite the challenges posed by psychosis.


GET HELP

Find out how to recognize the signs of psychosis and what you can do.

Learn More


IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

If you are in need of immediate assistance, please call 911 or visit your local
emergency room.

For free, private, and confidential support 24/7 by phone, text, or chat, dial
988.



A collaboration of BHSD and UNM Dept. of Psychiatry Division of Community
Behavioral Health



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