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VIKINGS CONQUER UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST

As Viking artifacts and practices draw new attention from UNESCO and beyond,
Courthouse News visited Denmark’s Viking Ship Museum to better understand the
current Vikingmania.

Lasse Sørensen / July 5, 2024
Link copied
A clinker-boat master craftsman and his apprentice work on a vessel destined for
Faroese waters at the Viking Museum Roskilde near Copenhagen, Denmark on June
10, 2024. (Lasse Sørensen/Courthouse News)

ROSKILDE, Denmark (CN) — Viking-related subjects are having a moment. Just last
year, five so-called Viking ring fortresses were inducted into UNESCO’s World
Heritage List, the U.N. agency’s registry of culturally significant places and
practices.

The 10th-century fortresses — Aggersborg, Borgring, Fyrkat, Nonnebakken and
Trelleborg, all of them in Denmark — are just some of the latest Viking sites
and lifeways to receive international recognition. The new listings in April
inspired Norwegian officials to begin the process of nominating seven ship
burial mounds from the Viking Age into the prestigious catalog.

Across the border from Denmark in the northern German state of
Schleswig-Holstein, there’s also the Viking trading town of Hedeby. The town is
partially enclosed by the Danevirke, a fortification line that separated
Denmark’s Jutland Peninsula from the rest of the European continent. 

During the Viking Age, this trading hub helped connect merchants on the European
mainland with those in Scandinavia. It’s also on the World Heritage List after
receiving UNESCO recognition in 2018.

To better understand the current Vikingmania, I recently paid a visit to the
Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, a city some 30 kilometers or about 18.6 miles
outside the Danish capital of Copenhagen.

I met museum spokesperson Rikke Johansen in front of the museum’s main
attraction: a collection of five 1000-year-old Viking ships in the center of the
museum’s exhibition hall. The space was bright and airy, with a massive glass
wall providing what might be some of the best views of Roskilde Fjord.

These ships draw about 170,000 visitors a year to the Viking Ship Museum — but
it’s not the ships themselves that have attracted the attention of archivists at
groups like UNESCO. Rather, it’s the specialized techniques used to build them,
which UNESCO in 2021 deemed to be part of the intangible cultural heritage of
humanity.

A 1000-year-old Viking ship on display at the Viking Museum Roskilde just
outside of Copenhagen on June 10, 2024. (Lasse Sørensen/Courthouse News)

Known as clinker boats, these five- to ten-meter-long open wooden boats have
been crafted in the Nordic region for almost two millennia, using the same basic
techniques that enabled Vikings to conquer the seas.

Their keels and stems are covered by thin overlapping wooden planks, which are
themselves fastened together with metal rivets, treenails or ropes. In Viking
times, it could take a shipbuilder up to 10 years to learn the technique.

Has the clinker ships’ inclusion on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List helped
bring more tourists to the Viking Ship Museum? Johansen was ambivalent. “It’s a
bit cheeky, but I’m going to say it anyway: Sometimes I feel like we are the
ones telling others about the existence of UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural
Heritage, rather than it’s a brand talking about us,” she said.

While politicians and museum directors might celebrate the honor of a UNESCO
listing, having one does not automatically bring in the tourists. 

For that, one needs good marketing. One of the Viking Ship Museum’s main draws
is its harbor, where visitors can experience in person the craft of clinker
ship-building. At a boatyard about a five-minute walk from the main exhibition
hall, guests can watch craftsmen build the vessels using only
UNESCO-acknowledged Nordic clinker boat traditions.

The boatyard smelled of freshly cut wood. Against the sounds of knives and
hammers at work, master clinker-boat craftsmen pitched visitors on why these
boats have intangible cultural worth to all of humanity.

“There’s no doubt that this UNESCO recognition means something for all the
people involved in this trade,” said Søren Nielsen, a shipbuilder and researcher
at the museum. He started working at the museum over three decades ago,
beginning as a boat builder before eventually leading multiple projects,
including the boatyard.

Nielsen played a key role in the UNESCO application submitted by Denmark,
Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

“This was a common Nordic application,” Nielsen said. “It means something when
UNESCO recognizes this as an important element in Scandinavian identity and
finds our craft worthy of being cultural heritage of humanity.” The label gives
a boost to the clinker-boat industry, he added, helping ensure the survival of
the craft.

As if offering a trip back in time, the UNESCO label helps maintain techniques
that have been passed on for generations. “When we reconstruct ships, we without
a doubt gain an understanding of the challenges our ancestors faced,” Nielsen
said. “It starts with searching for the right wood in the forest — and that by
itself places you in the shoes of the craftsmen building the boats just 200 or
even 1000 years ago.”

The nails used in construction of clinker ships might help explain why they’re
called clinkers. Pictured at the Viking Museum Roskilde near Copenhagen on June
10, 2024. (Lasse Sørensen/Courthouse News)
Axes are a main tool when building clinker boats the traditional way. From the
Viking Museum Roskilde just outside of Copenhagen on June 10, 2024. (Lasse
Sørensen/Courthouse News)
Follow @LasseSrensen13

Categories / History, International

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