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cancer health center/cancer a-z list/what is kidney cancer pain like? article


WHAT DOES KIDNEY CANCER PAIN FEEL LIKE?

 * Medical Author: Karthik Kumar, MBBS
 * Medical Reviewer: Pallavi Suyog Uttekar, MD

Medically Reviewed on 2/13/2024
 * Symptoms
   * What are the symptoms of kidney cancer?
 * Causes/Risk Factors
   * What are the causes and risk factors for kidney cancer?
 * Stages
   * What are the four stages of kidney cancer?
 * Treatment
   * What is the treatment for kidney cancer by stage?


WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY CANCER?




Side and back pains that are not from an injury may also be symptoms of kidney
cancer.

A small tumor in the kidney may be painless and often an accidental finding on
sonography. Patients suffering from advanced kidney cancer may usually complain
of back pain, which may be described as a dull ache to a sharp stabbing pain
below the ribs on the back or one side of the flank. If there is a sudden
persistent pain that lasts more than a few days, a doctor visit is recommended
to rule out kidney cancer. Side and back pains that are not from an injury may
also be symptoms of kidney cancer. Pain is caused by the tumor growing and
pushing against nearby organs. It is usually felt on one side only. Larger
tumors may cause compression, stretching, or invasion of structures near the
kidney, resulting in pain in the flank, abdomen, or back. The mass may be
palpable in the abdomen on a physical exam. If the cancer spreads (metastasizes)
beyond the kidney, symptoms depend on the organs involved. The other common
signs and symptoms of kidney cancer are:

 * The early symptom of kidney cancer is blood in the urine or hematuria
   (hematuria makes the urine appear rusty or even dark red)
 * A lump or mass in the kidney area or abdomen
 * Tiredness
 * Recurrent fever
 * Loss of appetite
 * Weight loss
 * Intestinal obstruction
 * A general feeling of poor health
 * Elevated blood pressure
 * Anemia
 * Recurrent urine or bladder infections
 * For men, swollen veins around the right testicle are seen in patients with
   kidney cancer

A classic triad of symptoms: flank pain, blood in the urine, and a palpable
abdominal kidney may be seen. The above bodily changes may be warning signs of
kidney cancer, although they tend not to appear until the disease is advanced.
Keep in mind that these symptoms can also result from other conditions, such as
a bladder infection or other kidney disease.


WHAT ARE THE CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS FOR KIDNEY CANCER?



The possible causes and risk factors for kidney cancer may include:

 * Family history of kidney cancer: Apart from these risk factors, the highest
   risk is seen in patients who have inherited a disease that increases the risk
   of kidney cancer or who have parents or siblings who have had kidney cancer.
   These diseases include
   * Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome stems from a genetic mutation that causes kidney
     tumors.
   * Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma stems from a genetic mutation in
     the MET gene that causes kidney tumors.
   * Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is a skin disease that also causes kidney tumors.
 * Older age
 * Males are more prone to kidney cancers than females
 * Belonging to the African American ethnicity
 * Smoking is usually considered the most common risk factor
 * Overweight or obesity
 * Misuse of certain medicines, such as water pills (diuretics) and over the
   counter pain relievers
 * Contact with certain chemicals, such as metal cadmium, herbicides, and
   organic solvents. Being exposed to a chemical called trichloroethylene, which
   is used to remove grease from metal is also considered a risk factor
 * High blood pressure
 * Advanced or chronic kidney disease
 * Having sickle cell trait (symptoms of sickle cell anemia) is associated with
   a rare form of kidney cancer (renal medullary carcinoma)
 * Having a long-lasting infection with hepatitis C
 * Having kidney stones




WHAT ARE THE FOUR STAGES OF KIDNEY CANCER?



Kidney cancer stages include

 * Stage I: Tumor is confined to the kidney and is up to 2 34 inches (7 cm) in
   diameter.
 * Stage II: Tumor is confined to the kidney but is larger than a stage I tumor.
 * Stage III: Tumor extends beyond the kidney into surrounding tissue, major
   veins, and nearby lymph nodes.
 * Stage IV: Cancer has spread outside the kidney to one or more lymph nodes or
   other organs, such as the bowel, pancreas, or lungs.

The urologist may order additional tests to determine the size of the cancer and
whether cancer cells have spread within the body. Tests may include additional
computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging tests.


WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR KIDNEY CANCER BY STAGE?



Treatment for kidney cancer depends on many factors including the stage of
cancer and location. Often a combination of therapies will be recommended. They
are

 * Surgery
   * Laparoscopic or robotic nephrectomy (partial or radical) is performed using
     telescopic instruments inserted in the abdomen through small incisions.
   * Partial nephrectomy removes part of the kidney with the tumor.
   * Radical nephrectomy removes the whole kidney, sometimes the adrenal gland,
     tissue around the kidney, and surrounding lymph nodes.
   * Open nephrectomy (partial or radical) is performed through a flank or
     abdominal incision.
   * Laparoscopic nephrectomy removes all or part of the kidney through a series
     of small incisions in the abdomen.
   * Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy removes the entire kidney as
     well as the ureter down to the bladder using telescopic instruments
     inserted in the abdomen through small incisions.
 * Tumor ablation: This destroys the tumor without surgically removing it.
   Ablative technologies include cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation.
 * Radiation therapy: Radiation cannot cure kidney cancer, but it can alleviate
   symptoms, such as bone pain. It may be used alone or in combination with
   other therapies.
 * Targeted therapy: Drugs that attack specific cancer cells, slowing down the
   growth of cancer. Targeted therapy treats advanced kidney cancer.
 * Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy or biological therapy uses the body's immune
   system to fight cancer.


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Medically Reviewed on 2/13/2024
References
WebMD. Understanding Kidney Cancer.
https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-kidney-cancer




TOP WHAT IS KIDNEY CANCER PAIN LIKE? RELATED ARTICLES

 * ALDESLEUKIN (PROLEUKIN)
   
   Aldesleukin is an interleukin injection drug prescribed to treat wide-spread
   cancer of the kidney and skin (melanoma). Aldesleukin causes side effects in
   almost every organ, so review side effects of this drug prior to treatment.

 * BUROSUMAB
   
   Burosumab is a medication used in the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia
   (XLH) and tumor-induced bone softening (osteomalacia) associated with
   phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in adults and children. Burosumab is a human
   immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) produced using recombinant DNA technology. Side
   effects of burosumab for pediatric use may include fever (pyrexia), cough,
   injection site reactions, and others. Side effects of burosumab for adults
   may include back pain, headache, tooth infection, tooth abscess, decreased
   vitamin D, restless legs syndrome, and others.

 * FENTANYL PATCH
   
   Fentanyl transdermal patch is a synthetic narcotic prescribed for severe pain
   in patients, for example, with cancer pain. Side effects may include yawning,
   nasal discharge, twitching muscles, nausea, diarrhea, and coughing. Because
   fentanyl is an opioid, it carries the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse.
   Do not take fentanyl if pregnant or breastfeeding.

 * FOTIVDA (TIVOZANIB)
   
   Fotivda is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with advanced kidney
   cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma or RCC) that has been treated with 2 or
   more prior medicines and has come back or did not respond to treatment.
   Serious side effects include high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack
   and blood clots in the veins or arteries, bleeding problems, protein in
   urine, thyroid gland problems, wound healing problems, and others.

 * HOW IS KIDNEY CANCER DIAGNOSED?
   
   Kidney cancer is usually asymptomatic in earlier stages. The tumor is usually
   found when a patient undergoes medical tests for another reason. A doctor may
   order the following tests to confirm the diagnosis.

 * IS KIDNEY CANCER CURABLE?
   
   Kidney cancer is an uncontrolled division of cells (cancer) that begins in
   the kidney. How curable is a particular cancer depends on its stage, its cell
   type, and the stage at which it is diagnosed.

 * KETOROLAC
   
   Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for
   short-term acute pain relief that requires opioid level of pain relief
   (analgesia). Ketorolac is not used for treating minor or chronic pain.
   Serious side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal
   perforation, congestive heart failure, heart attack (myocardial infarction),
   liver failure, kidney failure, and coma (rare). Common side effects include
   headache, increase in liver enzymes, gastrointestinal symptoms, and others.
   Consult your doctor before taking ketorolac if pregnant or breastfeeding.

 * KIDNEY CANCER: SYMPTOMS, STAGES, AND TREATMENT
   
   Find out from this WebMD slide show about the symptoms, diagnosis, and
   treatment for this common type of cancer, and learn what can make you more
   likely to get it.

 * KIDNEY STONE SLIDESHOW
   
   What causes kidney stones? Where is kidney stone pain located on your body?
   Learn the symptoms and signs of kidney stone pain. Explore kidney stone
   treatment and how to prevent kidney stones.

 * MANNITOL
   
   Mannitol is a diuretic medication used to treat acute kidney failure in the
   phase of reduced urine output (oliguric phase), to increase urination and
   improve kidney function before the kidney is irreversibly damaged. Common
   side effects of mannitol include pulmonary congestion, fluid and electrolyte
   imbalance, excess acidity of body fluids and tissue (metabolic acidosis),
   electrolyte loss, dryness of mouth, thirst, dehydration, increased urination
   (marked diuresis), urinary retention, reduced or absent urination (oliguria
   or anuria), blood in urine (hematuria), acute kidney injury; increase in
   blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and other waste products (azotemia),
   and others.

 * METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE
   
   Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid analgesic medication used for
   opioid detoxification and management of severe pain that does not respond to
   alternate treatment and requires long-term opioid treatment. Methadone is
   also used to treat chronic and severe cancer pain or pain from nerve damage
   (neuropathy). The most common side effects of methadone hydrochloride include
   lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and
   injection site reactions. Methadone hydrochloride has a high potential for
   addiction, abuse, and misuse and can lead to overdose.

 * MYCOPHENOLATE
   
   Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection of
   transplant organs (heart, kidney, and liver). Common side effects of
   mycophenolate include high or low blood pressure (hypertension or
   hypotension), exacerbation of hypertension, rapid heart rate (tachycardia),
   swelling (edema), lower extremity edema, peripheral edema, blood clot
   formation (thrombosis), inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), high blood
   sugar (hyperglycemia), diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol level in the blood
   (hypercholesterolemia), high level of blood fats (hyperlipidemia), high uric
   acid level in the blood (hyperuricemia), high or low blood potassium levels
   (hyperkalemia/hypokalemia), and others. Mycophenolate can cause fetal harm
   and should not be used in pregnant women. Do not use if breastfeeding.

 * POTASSIUM CITRATE
   
   Potassium citrate is a medication used in the management of kidney conditions
   that promote formation of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), including renal
   tubular acidosis and low citrate excretion in the urine (hypocitraturia).
   Common side effects of potassium citrate include high blood potassium levels
   (hyperkalemia), abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Do not
   use if you have high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia) or a
   predisposition for hyperkalemia. Consult your doctor if pregnant or
   breastfeeding.

 * SODIUM CITRATE
   
   Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid used to neutralize excessive
   acidity (metabolic acidosis) in the body, and prevent the formation of kidney
   stones (nephrolithiasis). Common side effects of sodium citrate/citric acid
   include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, fluid retention, excessive
   alkalinity of body fluids (metabolic alkalosis), and involuntary muscle
   contractions (tetany). Consult your doctor before taking if pregnant or
   breastfeeding.

 * WAYS TO KEEP YOUR KIDNEYS HEALTHY
   
   You might know that more than a drink or two a day is bad for your health.
   But in some cases, any alcohol at all may not be a great idea.






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