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Create an AWS Account
 1. AWS
 2. ...
    
    
 3. Documentation
 4. Amazon EC2
 5. User Guide for Linux Instances

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AMAZON ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD


USER GUIDE FOR LINUX INSTANCES

 * What is Amazon EC2?
 * Set up
 * Get started tutorial
 * Best practices
 * Working with AWS SDKs
 * Tutorials
    * Install LAMP
       * Amazon Linux 2023
       * Amazon Linux 2
       * Amazon Linux
   
    * Configure SSL/TLS
       * Amazon Linux 2023
       * Amazon Linux 2
       * Amazon Linux
   
    * Host a WordPress blog
       * Amazon Linux 2023
       * Amazon Linux 2
   
    * Increase size of Amazon EBS volume
       * Step 1: Launch an instance with added volume
       * Step 2: Make the data volume available for use
       * Step 3: Increase the size of the data volume
       * Step 4: Extend the file system
       * Step 5: Clean up

 * Amazon Machine Images
    * AMI types
    * Virtualization types
    * Boot modes
       * Launch an instance
       * AMI boot mode parameter
       * Instance type boot mode
       * Instance boot mode
       * Operating system boot mode
       * Set AMI boot mode
       * UEFI variables
       * UEFI Secure Boot
          * How UEFI Secure Boot works
          * Launch an instance with UEFI Secure Boot support
          * Verify whether an instance is enabled for UEFI Secure Boot
          * Create a Linux AMI to support UEFI Secure Boot
             * Create three key pairs
             * Option A: Add keys to the variable store from within the instance
             * Option B: Create a binary blob containing a pre-filled variable
               store
         
          * How the AWS binary blob is created
   
    * Find a Linux AMI
    * Shared AMIs
       * Find shared AMIs
       * Make an AMI public
       * Share an AMI with organizations or OUs
       * Share an AMI with specific AWS accounts
       * Cancel having an AMI shared with your account
       * Use bookmarks
       * Guidelines for shared Linux AMIs
   
    * Paid AMIs
    * AMI lifecycle
       * Create an AMI
          * Create an Amazon EBS-backed Linux AMI
          * Create an instance store-backed Linux AMI
             * Set up the AMI tools
             * Create an AMI from an instance store-backed instance
             * Convert to an Amazon EBS-Backed AMI
             * AMI tools reference
      
       * Modify an AMI
       * Copy an AMI
       * Store and restore an AMI
       * Deprecate an AMI
       * Deregister your AMI
       * Recover AMIs from the Recycle Bin
       * Automate the EBS-backed AMI lifecycle
   
    * Use encryption with EBS-backed AMIs
    * Monitor AMI events
    * Understand AMI billing
       * AMI billing fields
       * Find AMI billing information
       * Verify AMI charges on your bill
   
    * Amazon Linux
       * Run Amazon Linux 2 on premises
       * Kernel Live Patching
   
    * User provided kernels
    * Configure the MATE desktop connection
    * AMI quotas

 * Instances
    * Instances and AMIs
    * Instance types
       * General purpose
          * Burstable performance instances
             * Key concepts
             * Unlimited mode
                * Concepts
                * Examples
            
             * Standard mode
                * Concepts
                * Examples
            
             * Work with burstable performance instances
             * Monitor your CPU credits
      
       * Compute optimized
       * Memory optimized
       * Storage optimized
       * Accelerated computing
          * Install NVIDIA drivers
          * Install AMD drivers
          * Dual 4k on G4ad
          * Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications
          * Optimize GPU settings
      
       * Find an instance type
       * Get recommendations
       * Change the instance type
          * Compatibility
          * Troubleshoot
          * Instance store-backed instances
   
    * Mac instances
    * Instance purchasing options
       * On-Demand Instances
       * Reserved Instances
          * Regional and zonal Reserved Instances (scope)
          * Types of Reserved Instances (offering classes)
          * How Reserved Instances are applied
          * Use your Reserved Instances
          * How you are billed
          * Buy Reserved Instances
          * Sell in the Reserved Instance Marketplace
          * Modify Reserved Instances
          * Exchange Convertible Reserved Instances
          * Reserved Instance quotas
      
       * Spot Instances
          * Best practices
          * How Spot Instances work
          * Spot Instance pricing history
          * Savings
          * Work with Spot Instances
             * Example launch specifications
         
          * Spot request status
          * Rebalance recommendations
          * Spot Instance interruptions
             * Reasons for interruption
             * Interruption behavior
             * Stop
             * Hibernate
             * Terminate
             * Prepare for interruptions
             * Initiate a Spot Instance interruption
             * Spot Instance interruption notices
             * Find interrupted Spot Instances
             * Determine whether Amazon EC2 terminated a Spot Instance
             * Billing
         
          * Spot placement score
          * Spot Instance data feed
          * Spot Instance quotas
          * Burstable performance instances
      
       * Dedicated Hosts
          * Pricing and billing
          * Burstable T3 instances on Dedicated Hosts
          * Work with Dedicated Hosts
          * Work with shared Dedicated Hosts
          * Dedicated Hosts on AWS Outposts
          * Host recovery
          * Host maintenance
          * Track configuration changes
      
       * Dedicated Instances
          * Work with Dedicated Instances
      
       * On-Demand Capacity Reservations
          * Capacity Reservation pricing and billing
          * Work with Capacity Reservations
          * Work with Capacity Reservation groups
          * Capacity Reservations in cluster placement groups
          * Capacity Reservations in Local Zones
          * Capacity Reservations in Wavelength Zones
          * Capacity Reservations on AWS Outposts
          * Work with shared Capacity Reservations
          * Capacity Reservation Fleets
             * Capacity Reservation Fleet concepts
             * Work with Capacity Reservation Fleets
             * Example configurations
             * Using service-linked roles
         
          * Monitoring Capacity Reservations
             * CloudWatch metrics
             * EventBridge events
             * Utilization notifications
   
    * Instance lifecycle
       * Launch
          * Launch using the launch instance wizard
             * Old launch instance wizard
         
          * Launch using a launch template
             * Restrictions
             * Control launching instances
             * Create
             * Modify (manage versions)
             * Delete
             * Launch instances
         
          * Launch an instance from an existing instance
          * Use an AWS Marketplace instance
      
       * Stop and start
       * Hibernate
          * Overview
          * Prerequisites
          * Limitations
          * Configure an AMI to support hibernation
          * Enable hibernation for an instance
          * Disable KASLR on an instance (Ubuntu only)
          * Hibernate an instance
          * Start a hibernated instance
          * Troubleshoot
      
       * Reboot
       * Retire
       * Terminate
       * Recover
   
    * Connect
       * Connect to your Linux instance
          * Connect with SSH from Linux or macOS
          * Connect from Windows
             * Connect with OpenSSH (Recommended)
             * Connect with PuTTY
             * Connect with WSL
         
          * Connect with EC2 Instance Connect
             * Prerequisites
             * Permissions
             * Install EC2 Instance Connect
             * Connect using EC2 Instance Connect
             * Uninstall EC2 Instance Connect
         
          * Connect with Session Manager
          * Connect with CloudShell
      
       * Connect to instances without requiring a public IPv4 address
          * Permissions
          * Security groups
          * Create an EC2 Instance Connect Endpoint
          * Connect to an instance
          * Log connections
          * Remove EC2 Instance Connect Endpoint
          * Service-linked role
          * Quotas
      
       * Connect your instance to a resource
          * Tutorial: Connect an EC2 instance to an RDS database
             * Option 1: Automatically connect – EC2 console
                * Task 1: Create an RDS database – optional
                * Task 2: Launch an EC2 instance – optional
                * Task 3: Automatically connect your EC2 instance to your RDS
                  database
                * Task 4: Verify the connection configuration
            
             * Option 2: Automatically connect – RDS console
                * Task 1: Launch an EC2 instance – optional
                * Task 2: Create an RDS database and automatically connect it to
                  your EC2 instance
                * Task 3: Verify the connection configuration
            
             * Option 3: Manually connect (create security groups)
                * Task 1: Launch an EC2 instance – optional
                * Task 2: Create an RDS database – optional
                * Task 3: Manually connect your EC2 instance to your RDS
                  database
            
             * Clean up
   
    * Configure instances
       * Manage software
          * Update software
          * Add repositories
          * Find and install software packages
          * Prepare to compile software
      
       * Manage users
       * Processor state control
       * I/O scheduler
       * Set the time
       * Optimize CPU options
          * Rules for specifying CPU options
          * CPU cores and threads per CPU core per instance type
          * Specify CPU options for your instance
          * View the CPU options for your instance
      
       * CPU features
          * AMD SEV-SNP
             * Requirements
             * Considerations
             * Concepts and terminology
             * Working with AMD SEV-SNP
             * Attestation with AMD SEV-SNP
      
       * Change the hostname
       * Set up dynamic DNS
       * Run commands at launch
       * Instance metadata and user data
          * Use IMDSv2
             * How IMDSv2 works
             * Transition to using IMDSv2
             * Supported SDKs
         
          * Configure the instance metadata options
             * For new instances
             * For existing instances
         
          * Retrieve instance metadata
          * Work with instance user data
          * Retrieve dynamic data
          * Instance metadata categories
          * Example: AMI launch index value
          * Instance identity documents
             * Verify using the PKCS7 signature
             * Verify using the base64-encoded signature
             * Verify using the RSA-2048 signature
         
          * Instance identity roles
   
    * Amazon EI
    * Identify instances

 * Fleets
    * EC2 Fleet
       * EC2 Fleet request types
          * EC2 Fleet 'instant' type
      
       * EC2 Fleet configuration strategies
          * Plan an EC2 Fleet
          * Allocation strategies for Spot Instances
          * Attribute-based instance type selection
          * On-Demand backup
          * Capacity Rebalancing
          * Maximum price overrides
          * Control spending
          * Instance weighting
      
       * Work with EC2 Fleets
   
    * Spot Fleet
       * Spot Fleet request types
       * Spot Fleet configuration strategies
          * Plan a Spot Fleet request
          * Allocation strategies for Spot Instances
          * Attribute-based instance type selection
          * On-Demand in Spot Fleet
          * Capacity Rebalancing
          * Spot price overrides
          * Control spending
          * Instance weighting
      
       * Work with Spot Fleets
       * CloudWatch metrics for Spot Fleet
       * Automatic scaling for Spot Fleet
          * Target tracking scaling policies
          * Step scaling policies
          * Scheduled scaling
   
    * Monitor fleet events
       * EC2 Fleet event types
       * Spot Fleet event types
       * Create EventBridge rules
          * For EC2 Fleet events
          * For Spot Fleet events
   
    * Tutorials
       * Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with instance weighting
       * Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with On-Demand as the primary capacity
       * Tutorial: Launch On-Demand Instances using targeted Capacity
         Reservations
       * Tutorial: Use Spot Fleet with instance weighting
   
    * Example configurations
       * EC2 Fleet example configurations
       * Spot Fleet example configurations
   
    * Fleet quotas

 * Monitor
    * Automated and manual monitoring
    * Best practices for monitoring
    * Monitor the status of your instances
       * Instance status checks
       * State change events
       * Scheduled events
          * Define event windows for scheduled events
   
    * Monitor your instances using CloudWatch
       * Enable detailed monitoring
       * List available metrics
       * Get statistics for metrics
          * Get statistics for a specific instance
          * Aggregate statistics across instances
          * Aggregate statistics by Auto Scaling group
          * Aggregate statistics by AMI
      
       * Graph metrics
       * Create an alarm
       * Create alarms that stop, terminate, reboot, or recover an instance
   
    * Automate using EventBridge
    * Monitor memory and disk metrics
       * Deprecated: Collect metrics using the CloudWatch monitoring scripts
   
    * Log API calls with AWS CloudTrail

 * Networking
    * Regions and Zones
    * Instance IP addressing
       * Multiple IP addresses
   
    * Instance hostname types
    * Bring your own IP addresses
    * Elastic IP addresses
    * Network interfaces
       * Best practices for configuring network interfaces
       * Scenarios for network interfaces
       * Requester-managed network interfaces
       * Assign prefixes
          * Work with prefixes
   
    * Network bandwidth
    * Enhanced networking
       * Elastic Network Adapter (ENA)
       * ENA Express
       * Intel 82599 VF
       * Operating system optimizations
       * Network performance metrics
       * Troubleshoot ENA
       * Improve network latency on Linux instances
   
    * Elastic Fabric Adapter
       * Get started with EFA and MPI
       * Get started with EFA and NCCL
          * Use a base AMI
          * Use an AWS Deep Learning AMI
      
       * Work with EFA
       * Monitor an EFA
       * Verify the EFA installer using a checksum
   
    * Placement groups
       * Share a placement group
       * Placement groups on AWS Outposts
   
    * Network MTU
    * Virtual private clouds

 * Code examples
    * Actions
       * Add tags to resources
       * Allocate an Elastic IP address
       * Associate an Elastic IP address with an instance
       * Create a security group
       * Create a security key pair
       * Create and run an instance
       * Delete a security group
       * Delete a security key pair
       * Delete a snapshot
       * Describe Availability Zones
       * Describe Regions
       * Describe instance status
       * Describe instances
       * Describe snapshots
       * Disable detailed monitoring
       * Disassociate an Elastic IP address from an instance
       * Enable monitoring
       * Get data about Amazon Machine Images
       * Get data about a security group
       * Get data about instance types
       * Get details about Elastic IP addresses
       * List security key pairs
       * Reboot an instance
       * Release an Elastic IP address
       * Set inbound rules for a security group
       * Start an instance
       * Stop an instance
       * Terminate an instance
   
    * Scenarios
       * Get started with instances

 * Security
    * Infrastructure security
    * Resilience
    * Data protection
    * Identity and access management
       * IAM policies
          * Policy structure
          * Tag resources during creation
          * Control access to EC2 resources using resource tags
          * Example policies for CLI or SDK
          * Example policies for the console
      
       * AWS managed policies
       * IAM roles
       * Network access
   
    * Key pairs
       * Create key pairs
       * Tag a public key
       * Describe public keys
       * Delete a public key
       * Add or remove a public key on your instance
       * Verify the fingerprint
   
    * Security groups
       * Security group rules
       * Connection tracking
       * Default and custom security groups
       * Work with security groups
       * Security group rules for different use cases
   
    * AWS PrivateLink
    * Update management
    * Compliance validation
    * NitroTPM
       * Considerations
       * Prerequisites
       * Create a Linux AMI for NitroTPM support
       * Verify whether an AMI is enabled for NitroTPM
       * Enable or stop using NitroTPM on an instance

 * Storage
    * Amazon EBS
       * EBS volumes
          * EBS volume types
             * General Purpose SSD volumes
             * Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes
             * Throughput Optimized HDD and Cold HDD volumes
         
          * Size and configuration constraints
          * Create a volume
          * Attach a volume to an instance
          * Attach a volume to multiple instances
          * Make a volume available for use
          * View volume details
          * Replace a volume
          * Replace a root volume
          * Monitor the status of your volumes
          * Detach a volume from an instance
          * Delete a volume
          * Fault testing
      
       * EBS snapshots
          * Create snapshots
          * Delete a snapshot
          * Copy a snapshot
          * Archive snapshots
             * Guidelines and best practices for archiving snapshots
             * Required IAM permissions
             * Work with snapshot archiving
             * Monitor snapshot archiving
         
          * View snapshot information
          * Share a snapshot
          * Recover snapshots from the Recycle Bin
          * Local snapshots on Outposts
          * Amazon EBS direct APIs
             * IAM permissions for EBS direct APIs
             * Use EBS direct APIs
                * Read snapshots
                * Write snapshots
                * Use encryption
                * Use Signature Version 4 signing
                * Use checksums
                * Idempotency for StartSnapshot API
                * Error retries
                * Optimize performance
                * EBS direct APIs service endpoints
            
             * Interface VPC endpoints
             * Log API calls with AWS CloudTrail
             * Frequently asked questions
         
          * Automate the snapshot lifecycle
      
       * Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager
          * Automate snapshot lifecycles
          * Automate AMI lifecycles
          * Automate cross-account snapshot copies
          * View, modify, and delete lifecycle policies
          * AWS Identity and Access Management
             * AWS managed policies
             * IAM service roles
             * Permissions for users
             * Permissions for encryption
         
          * Monitor the lifecycle of snapshots and AMIs
             * Monitor your policies using CloudWatch Events
             * Monitor your policies using Amazon CloudWatch
      
       * EBS data services
          * Elastic volumes
             * Requirements
             * Request volume modifications
             * Monitor modifications
             * Extend a file system
         
          * EBS encryption
          * Fast snapshot restore
      
       * EBS volumes and NVMe
       * EBS optimization
       * EBS performance
          * I/O characteristics and monitoring
          * Initialize volumes
          * RAID configuration
          * Benchmark EBS volumes
      
       * EBS CloudWatch metrics
       * EBS EventBridge events
       * EBS quotas
   
    * Instance store
       * Instance store volumes
       * Add instance store volumes
       * SSD instance store volumes
       * Instance store swap volumes
       * Optimize disk performance
   
    * File storage
       * Amazon S3
       * Amazon EFS
       * Amazon FSx
   
    * Instance volume limits
    * Root device volume
    * Device names
    * Block device mappings
    * Torn write prevention

 * Resources and tags
    * Recycle Bin
       * Considerations
       * Required IAM permissions
          * Condition keys for Recycle Bin
      
       * Work with retention rules
       * Work with resources in the Recycle Bin
       * Monitor Recycle Bin
          * Monitor using EventBridge
          * Monitor using CloudTrail
   
    * Resource locations
    * Resource IDs
    * List and filter your resources
    * Tag your resources
    * Service quotas
    * Usage reports

 * Troubleshoot
    * Troubleshoot launch issues
    * Connect to your instance
    * Stop your instance
    * Terminate your instance
    * Failed status checks
    * Troubleshoot an unreachable instance
    * Boot from the wrong volume
    * EC2Rescue for Linux
       * Install EC2Rescue for Linux
       * (Optional) Verify the signature of EC2Rescue for Linux
       * Work with EC2Rescue for Linux
       * Develop EC2Rescue modules
   
    * EC2 Serial Console
       * Prerequisites
       * Configure access to the EC2 Serial Console
       * Connect to the EC2 Serial Console
       * Disconnect from the EC2 Serial Console
       * Troubleshoot your instance using the EC2 Serial Console
          * Troubleshoot your Linux instance using GRUB
          * Troubleshoot your Linux instance using SysRq
   
    * Send a diagnostic interrupt

 * Related information
 * Document history

Stop and start your instance - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
AWSDocumentationAmazon EC2User Guide for Linux Instances
Related costsFind running and stopped instancesPrerequisitesManually stop and
startAutomatically stop and start What happens when you stop an instanceWhat
happens when you start an instanceModify a stopped instanceEnable stop
protectionTest application responseTroubleshooting


STOP AND START YOUR INSTANCE

PDFRSS

You can stop and start your instance if it has an Amazon EBS volume as its root
device. The instance retains its instance ID, but can be modified as described
in the Modify a stopped instance section. When you stop an instance, the
instance shuts down. When you start an instance, the instance is typically
migrated to a new underlying host computer and assigned a new public IPv4
address.

When you stop an instance, it is not deleted. If you decide that you no longer
need an instance, you can terminate it. For more information, see Terminate your
instance. If you want to hibernate an instance to save the contents from the
instance memory (RAM), see Hibernate your On-Demand Linux instance. For
distinctions between instance lifecycle actions, see Differences between reboot,
stop, hibernate, and terminate.

AWS can schedule events for your instances, such as reboot, stop/start, or
retirement. For information about the type of scheduled events that are managed
by AWS, and how to view and receive notifications about scheduled events, see
Scheduled events for your instances.

The following diagram shows what is lost and what persists when an Amazon EC2
instance is stopped. When an instance stops, it loses any attached instance
store volumes and the data stored on those volumes, the data stored on the
instance RAM, and the assigned public IPv4 address if an Elastic IP address is
not associated with the instance. An instance retains assigned private IPv4
addresses, Elastic IP addresses associated with the instance, any IPv6
addresses, and any attached Amazon EBS volumes and the data on those volumes.



TOPICS

 * Related costs
 * Find running and stopped instances
 * Prerequisites
 * Manually stop and start
 * Automatically stop and start
 * What happens when you stop an instance
 * What happens when you start an instance
 * Modify a stopped instance
 * Enable stop protection
 * Test application response
 * Troubleshooting


COSTS RELATED TO STARTING AND STOPPING AN INSTANCE

The following costs are associated with stopping and starting an instance.

Stopping — As soon as the state of an instance changes to shutting-down or
terminated, charges are no longer incurred for the instance. You are not charged
for usage or data transfer fees for a stopped instance. Charges are incurred to
store Amazon EBS storage volumes.

Starting — Each time you start a stopped instance, you are charged for a minimum
of one minute of usage. After one minute, you are charged for only the seconds
you use. For example, if you run an instance for 20 seconds and then stop it,
you are charged for a minute of usage. If you run an instance for 3 minutes and
40 seconds, you are charged for 3 minutes and 40 seconds of usage.


FIND ALL RUNNING AND STOPPED INSTANCES

You can find all of your running and stopped instances across all AWS Regions on
a single page using Amazon EC2 Global View. This capability is especially useful
for taking inventory and finding forgotten instances. For information about how
to use Global View, see List and filter resources across Regions using Amazon
EC2 Global View.


PREREQUISITES FOR STOPPING AN INSTANCE

You can stop an Amazon EBS-backed instance. Instances backed by an instance
store volume do not support the Stop action. To better understand the
differences between the two volume types, see Storage.

To verify the root device type of an instance, you can use the Amazon EC2
console or the AWS CLI.

Amazon EC2 console

In the Amazon EC2 console, open the Instances pane and select an instance. The
Root device type is listed on the Storage tab, under Root device details.

AWS CLI

You can verify the root device type of an instance by running the
describe-instances AWS CLI command and checking the output for RootDeviceType:
ebs or instance-store. For more information, see describe-instances in the AWS
CLI Command Reference.

anchoranchor
 * Amazon EC2 console
 * AWS CLI

In the Amazon EC2 console, open the Instances pane and select an instance. The
Root device type is listed on the Storage tab, under Root device details.




MANUALLY STOP AND START AN INSTANCES

You can stop and start your Amazon EBS-backed instance using the console or the
command line.

WARNING

When you stop an instance, the data on any attached instance store volumes is
erased. Before you stop an instance, verify that you've copied any data that you
need from your instance store volumes to persistent storage, such as Amazon EBS
or Amazon S3. Instances backed by an instance store volume do not support the
Stop action.

Console

TO STOP AND START AN AMAZON EBS-BACKED INSTANCE

 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon EC2 console at
    https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances and select the instance.

 3. Choose Instance state, Stop instance. If this option is disabled, either the
    instance is already stopped or its root device is an instance store volume.

 4. When prompted for confirmation, choose Stop. It can take a few minutes for
    the instance to stop.

 5. (Optional) While your instance is stopped, you can modify certain instance
    attributes. For more information, see Modify a stopped instance.

 6. To start a stopped instance, select the instance, and choose Instance state,
    Start instance.

 7. It can take a few minutes for the instance to enter the running state.

Command line

TO STOP AND START AN AMAZON EBS-BACKED INSTANCE

Run one of the following commands:

 * AWS CLI—stop-instances and start-instances.

 * AWS Tools for PowerShell—Stop-EC2Instance and Start-EC2Instance.

 * OS commands—You can initiate a shutdown using the shutdown or poweroff
   commands. When you use an OS command, the instance stops by default. You can
   change this behavior so that it terminates instead. For more information, see
   Change the instance initiated shutdown behavior.

Using the OS halt command from an instance does not initiate a shutdown. If you
use the halt command, the instance does not terminate; instead, it places the
CPU into HLT, which suspends CPU operation. The instance remains running.

anchoranchor
 * Console
 * Command line

TO STOP AND START AN AMAZON EBS-BACKED INSTANCE

 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon EC2 console at
    https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances and select the instance.

 3. Choose Instance state, Stop instance. If this option is disabled, either the
    instance is already stopped or its root device is an instance store volume.

 4. When prompted for confirmation, choose Stop. It can take a few minutes for
    the instance to stop.

 5. (Optional) While your instance is stopped, you can modify certain instance
    attributes. For more information, see Modify a stopped instance.

 6. To start a stopped instance, select the instance, and choose Instance state,
    Start instance.

 7. It can take a few minutes for the instance to enter the running state.




AUTOMATICALLY STOP AND START YOUR INSTANCES

You can automate stopping and starting instances with the following services:

Instance Scheduler on AWS

You can use Instance Scheduler on AWS to automate the starting and stopping of
EC2 instances. For more information, see How do I use Instance Scheduler with
CloudFormation to schedule EC2 instances? Note that additional charges apply.

AWS Lambda and an Amazon EventBridge rule

You can use Lambda and an EventBridge rule to stop and start your instances on a
schedule. For more information, see How do I stop and start Amazon EC2 instances
at regular intervals using Lambda?

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

To ensure you have the correct number of Amazon EC2 instances available to
handle the load for an application, create Auto Scaling groups. Amazon EC2 Auto
Scaling ensures that your application always has the right capacity to handle
the traffic demand, and saves costs by launching instances only when they are
needed. Note that Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling terminates, rather than stops,
unneeded instances. To set up Auto Scaling groups, see Get started with Amazon
EC2 Auto Scaling.


WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU STOP AN INSTANCE

When you stop an instance, changes are registered at the OS level of the
instance, some system resources are lost, and some persist.

WHEN YOU STOP AN INSTANCE, THE FOLLOWING IS REGISTERED AT THE OS LEVEL:

 * The API request sends a button press event to the guest.

 * Various system services are stopped as a result of the button press event.
   Graceful shutdown is triggered by the ACPI shutdown button press event from
   the hypervisor.

 * ACPI shutdown is initiated.

 * The instance shuts down when the graceful shutdown process exits. There is no
   configurable OS shutdown time.

 * If the instance OS does not cleanly shut down within a few minutes, a hard
   shutdown is performed.

 * The instance stops running.

 * The instance status changes to stopping and then stopped.

 * [Auto Scaling] If your instance is in an Auto Scaling group, when the
   instance is in any Amazon EC2 state other than running, or if its status for
   the status checks becomes impaired, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling considers the
   instance to be unhealthy and replaces it. For more information, see Health
   checks for Auto Scaling instances in the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide.

WHEN YOU STOP AN INSTANCE, THE FOLLOWING IS LOST:

 * Data stored on the RAM.

 * Data stored on the instance store volumes.

 * The public IPv4 address that Amazon EC2 automatically assigned to the
   instance upon launch or start. To retain a public IPv4 address that never
   changes, you can associate an Elastic IP address with your instance.

WHEN YOU STOP AN INSTANCE, THE FOLLOWING PERSISTS:

 * Any attached Amazon EBS volumes.

 * Data stored on the attached Amazon EBS volumes.

 * Private IPv4 addresses.

 * IPv6 addresses.

 * Elastic IP addresses associated with the instance. Note that when the
   instance is stopped, you are charged for the associated Elastic IP addresses.

For information about what happens when you stop a Mac instance, see Stop and
terminate your Mac instance.


WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU START AN INSTANCE

When you start an instance, changes are registered at the instance level.

WHEN YOU START AN EC2 INSTANCE, THE FOLLOWING OCCURS:

 * In most cases, the instance is migrated to a new underlying host computer
   (though in some cases, such as when an instance is allocated to a host in a
   Dedicated Host configuration, it remains on the current host).

 * Amazon EC2 assigns a new public IPv4 address to the instance if the instance
   is configured to receive a public IPv4 address. To retain a public IPv4
   address that never changes, you can associate an Elastic IP address with your
   instance.


MODIFY A STOPPED INSTANCE

When an instance is stopped, you can treat its root volume like any other
volume, and modify it (for example, repair file system problems or update
software).

YOU CAN MODIFY THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES OF AN INSTANCE ONLY WHEN IT IS STOPPED:

 * Instance type

 * User data

 * Kernel

 * RAM disk

If you try to modify these attributes while the instance is running, Amazon EC2
returns the IncorrectInstanceState error.

YOU CAN CHANGE THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES OF A STOPPED INSTANCE USING THE AMAZON
EC2 CONSOLE OR THE AWS CLI:

 * Instance type

 * User data

 * EBS-optimization

MODIFICATION OF THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES USING THE AMAZON EC2 CONSOLE IS NOT
SUPPORTED:

 * DeleteOnTermination

 * Kernel

 * RAM disk

Modify an instance attribute

You can modify an instance attribute using the Amazon EC2 console or the command
line.

Console

To modify the following in the AWS Management Console See the following resource

Instance type

Change the instance type

User data

User data and the console

EBS–optimization

Modifying EBS–Optimization

The DeleteOnTermination attribute of the root volume

Update the block device mapping of a running instance. You are not required to
stop the instance to change this attribute.

Command line

MODIFY AN INSTANCE ATTRIBUTE USING THE COMMAND LINE

You can use the following commands to modify instance attributes. For more
information about these command line interfaces see Access Amazon EC2.

 * modify-instance-attribute (AWS CLI)

 * Edit-EC2InstanceAttribute (AWS Tools for PowerShell)

anchoranchor
 * Console
 * Command line

To modify the following in the AWS Management Console See the following resource

Instance type

Change the instance type

User data

User data and the console

EBS–optimization

Modifying EBS–Optimization

The DeleteOnTermination attribute of the root volume

Update the block device mapping of a running instance. You are not required to
stop the instance to change this attribute.



MODIFY THE ROOT VOLUME OF AN INSTANCE

You can modify the root volume of an instance by performing the following steps.

 1. Detach the volume from the stopped instance.

 2. Attach the volume to a running instance.

 3. Modify the volume.

 4. Detach the volume from the running instance.

 5. Reattach the volume to the stopped instance.

Make sure that you reattach the root volume using the storage device name
specified as the root device in the block device mapping for the instance. For
detailed steps on how to detach and attach a volume to an instance, see Detach
an Amazon EBS volume from a Linux instance and Attach an Amazon EBS volume to an
instance. For more help with specifying block device mappings, see Block device
mappings.


ENABLE STOP PROTECTION

To prevent an instance from being accidentally stopped, you can enable stop
protection for the instance. Stop protection also protects your instance from
accidental termination.

The DisableApiStop attribute of the Amazon EC2 ModifyInstanceAttribute API
controls whether the instance can be stopped. This attribute can be set using
the Amazon EC2 console, the AWS CLI, or the Amazon EC2 API. You can set the
value of this attribute when you launch the instance, while the instance is
running, or while the instance is stopped.

IMPORTANT

Setting the DisableApiStop attribute of the Amazon EC2 ModifyInstanceAttribute
API action does not prevent you from accidentally stopping an instance when you
initiate a shutdown from the instance using the OS shutdown or poweroff
commands.

STOP PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS

 * Enabling stop protection does not prevent AWS from stopping the instance when
   the there are scheduled events to stop the instance.

 * Enabling stop protection does not prevent Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling from
   terminating an instance when the instance is unhealthy or during scale-in
   events. You can control whether an Auto Scaling group can terminate a
   particular instance when scaling in by using instance scale-in protection.

 * Stop protection not only prevents your instance from being accidentally
   stopped, but also from accidental termination when using the console, AWS
   CLI, or API. However, it does not automatically set the DisableApiTermination
   attribute. Note that when the DisableApiStop attribute is set to false, the
   DisableApiTermination attribute setting determines whether the instance can
   be terminated using the console, AWS CLI, or API. For more information see
   Terminate your instance.

 * You cannot enable stop protection for instance store-backed instances.

 * You cannot enable stop protection for Spot Instances.

 * The Amazon EC2 API follows an eventual consistency model when you enable or
   disable stop protection. This means that the result of running commands to
   set the stop protection attribute might not be immediately visible to all
   subsequent commands you run. For more information, see Eventual consistency
   in the Amazon EC2 API Reference.

STOP PROTECTION ACTIONS

 * Enable stop protection for an instance at launch
 * Enable stop protection for a running or stopped instance
 * Disable stop protection for a running or stopped instance


ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR AN INSTANCE AT LAUNCH

You can enable stop protection for an instance when launching the instance using
one of the following methods.

Console

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR AN INSTANCE AT LAUNCH

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. On the dashboard, choose Launch instance.

 3. Configure your instance in the new launch instance wizard.

 4. In the wizard, enable stop protection by choosing Enable for Stop protection
    under Advanced details.

AWS CLI

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR AN INSTANCE AT LAUNCH

Use the run-instances AWS CLI command to launch the instance, and specify the
disable-api-stop parameter.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-a1b2c3d4e5example \ 
    --instance-type t3.micro \ 
    --key-name MyKeyPair \ 
    --disable-api-stop \ 
    ...

anchoranchor
 * Console
 * AWS CLI

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR AN INSTANCE AT LAUNCH

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. On the dashboard, choose Launch instance.

 3. Configure your instance in the new launch instance wizard.

 4. In the wizard, enable stop protection by choosing Enable for Stop protection
    under Advanced details.




ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

You can enable stop protection for an instance while the instance is running or
stopped using one of the following methods.

Console

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances.

 3. Select the instance, and then choose Actions>Instance settings>Change stop
    protection.

 4. Select the Enable check box, and then choose Save.

AWS CLI

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

Use the modify-instance-attribute AWS CLI command and specify the
disable-api-stop parameter.

aws ec2 modify-instance-attribute \
    --instance-id i-1234567890abcdef0 \
    --disable-api-stop

anchoranchor
 * Console
 * AWS CLI

TO ENABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances.

 3. Select the instance, and then choose Actions>Instance settings>Change stop
    protection.

 4. Select the Enable check box, and then choose Save.




DISABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

You can disable stop protection for a running or stopped instance using one of
the following methods.

Console

TO DISABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances.

 3. Select the instance, and then choose Actions, Instance settings, Change stop
    protection.

 4. Clear the Enable check box, and then choose Save.

AWS CLI

TO DISABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

Use the modify-instance-attribute AWS CLI command and specify the
no-disable-api-stop parameter.

aws ec2 modify-instance-attribute \
    --instance-id i-1234567890abcdef0 \
    --no-disable-api-stop

anchoranchor
 * Console
 * AWS CLI

TO DISABLE STOP PROTECTION FOR A RUNNING OR STOPPED INSTANCE

 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

 2. In the left navigation pane, choose Instances.

 3. Select the instance, and then choose Actions, Instance settings, Change stop
    protection.

 4. Clear the Enable check box, and then choose Save.




TEST APPLICATION RESPONSE TO STOP AND START

You can use AWS Fault Injection Simulator to test how your application responds
when your instance is stopped and started. For more information, see the AWS
Fault Injection Simulator User Guide.


TROUBLESHOOT STOPPING YOUR INSTANCE

If you stopped an Amazon EBS-backed instance and it appears "stuck" in the
stopping state, you can forcibly stop it. For more information, see Troubleshoot
stopping your instance.

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ON THIS PAGE

 * Related costs
 * Find running and stopped instances
 * Prerequisites
 * Manually stop and start
 * Automatically stop and start
 * What happens when you stop an instance
 * What happens when you start an instance
 * Modify a stopped instance
 * Enable stop protection
 * Test application response
 * Troubleshooting





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