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Electrical Lectures ♛


EIGHT COMMON MISTAKES IN READING AND CREATING SINGLE LINE AND WIRING DIAGRAMS

Power Substation


THE LOOP ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USED TO SUPPLY BULK LOADS (INDUSTRIAL
PLANTS AND BUILDINGS)

Maintenance ♛


PRACTICAL TROUBLESHOOTING OF POWER INTERRUPTION IN FULLY OPERATIONAL 33/11 KV
SUBSTATION

Power interruptions are one of the most critical issues that require a swift and
effective remedy in a power substation. The power utility substations in the
voltage level of 33/11…...


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PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP


RELAY PROTECTION COORDINATION STUDY ON 150 KV HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION NETWORK

Premium Membership ♕

Save 50% on all EEP Academy courses with Enterprise Membership Plan and study
specialized LV/MV/HV technical articles & guides.

More Information »


LV/MV/HV TECHNICAL ARTICLES

Power Substation ♛


A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (VT) CIRCUIT SUPERVISION TECHNIQUES

Voltage transformer supervision, often referred to as VT fuse fail supervision
relay, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical systems. Its primary
objective is to detect any potential failure within…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

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Oct 16, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Power Substation


SUBSTATION DESIGN CHOICES AND REASONS FOR A NEW MODERN VS RETROFIT AND UPGRADE
AN OLD ONE

This technical article addresses some of the most important reasons, dos and
don’ts in making the substation design choices between designing a new modern
and digital substation or retrofitting the… Read more

Oct 09, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Power Substation ♛


THE ART OF THE TRANSMISSION SWITCHYARD DESIGN: THE PHYSICAL LAYOUT ENGINEERING
(CASE STUDY INCLUDED)

This article aims to shed some light on the so-called physical engineering
activity in switchyard design in conjunction with some engineering computations.
The physical layout engineering tackles the plot plan…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

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Oct 02, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

Premium Content ♛


MASTERING STABILITY TEST OF POWER TRANSFORMER: DIFFERENTIAL AND RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT (REF) PROTECTION

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential
protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two
and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

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Sep 25, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif


Cables ♛


VOLTAGE DROP ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION ESSENTIALS (MS EXCEL SHEET BONUS)

A voltage drop is the total amount of voltage loss that happens through all or
part of an electric circuit due to impedance and other factors. The more the
voltage... Read more

Nov 28, 2022 | By mohammedayman

Energy and Power


11 FACTORS THAT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE THE TRANSFORMER PRICE (BE CAREFUL WHEN
SPECIFYING)

The majority of utilities are normally extremely well aware of the economic
aspects and savings that can be obtained at all stages of the transformer’s life
cycle. This is because… Read more

Sep 18, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Maintenance ♛


FIELD SECRETS AND WARNINGS IN POWER TRANSFORMER MECHANICAL CHECK AND VISUAL
INSPECTION

Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled
power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key
checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

Good To Know! - Save 50% on all video courses by purchasing Enterprise plan.

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Sep 11, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Maintenance


THOUGHTFUL CONSIDERATIONS TO DESIGN MV/LV DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS FOR EXTENDED
SERVICE LIFE

The installation of a new MV/LV electrical substation is often part of a more
global project, and it is not always the subject of very detailed attention.
However, the consideration… Read more

Sep 04, 2023 | By Power Systems and Services

Premium Content ♛


A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO CORRECT CALCULATION FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
SETTINGS

In this technical article, we will delve into the comprehensive methodology of
calculating the differential relay settings for the GE P642 relay. Each step of
the process will be explored,…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

Good To Know! - Save 50% on all video courses by purchasing Enterprise plan.

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Aug 28, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Energy and Power ♛


TEN BIGGEST MISTAKES AND MISCONCEPTIONS IN THE DESIGN OF LOW VOLTAGE
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

To provide the end user with a safe, effective, and reliable solution, a
designer must steer clear of numerous blunders and misconceptions when creating
a low voltage distribution design. Although... Read more

Oct 03, 2022 | By mohammedayman

High Voltage


ELEVEN MOST IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS YOU CAN PERFORM WITH POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE

This technical article we will go through a number of existing applications for
conducting a wide range of electrical studies. However, the practice says that
studies involving load flow and fault… Read more

Aug 21, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Power Substation ♛


NEVER UNDERESTIMATE HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT CT SIZE IN FAULT
DETECTION AND PROTECTION

In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a
vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing
of CTs is essential to ensure their…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

Good To Know! - Save 50% on all video courses by purchasing Enterprise plan.

Log In »Purchase »

Aug 14, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Energy Generation


THE ART OF GENERATOR SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES THAT EVERY TRUE ENGINEER MUST
KNOW ABOUT

There are two main types of generator synchronization techniques: manual and
automatic. The operator performs speed and voltage adjustments on the generator
and issues the breaker closure command during a… Read more

Aug 07, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Maintenance ♛


ADVICE AND WARNINGS FOR PROPER HANDLING, EARTHING AND TESTING OF CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS

Welcome to the third and final part of our comprehensive series on current
transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Parts 1 and 2, we covered
various aspects of CT…...


PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED

This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an
annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy
studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical
engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get
additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium-
and high-voltage engineering fields.

Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best
for you or your organization.

Good To Know! - Save 50% on all video courses by purchasing Enterprise plan.

Log In »Purchase »

Jul 31, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Load More Articles



EEP - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PORTAL


ENERGY & POWER FOR ALL!


PRACTICAL HANDBOOK FOR RELAY PROTECTION ENGINEERS

This handbook covers the code of practice in protection circuitry including
standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour
codes in multicore cables, dos and donts… Read more


THE BASICS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION THAT EVERY ENGINEER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT

Protection is the branch of electric power engineering concerned with the
principles of design and operation of equipment (called ‘relays’ or ‘protective
relays’) that detects abnormal power system conditions, and… Read more


PRACTICAL GUIDELINES TO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

When designing electricity supply to a residential building, design power for
both separate groups of the switchgear and the feeding lead in general must be
determined, considering the existing or… Read more


DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SUBSTATION AND POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OF BUILDINGS

This guide enables its readers to assess electrical load of a building and thus
enabling to find out the required capacity of the switchgear, transformers etc.
It deals with 33… Read more


INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION OF MV/LV TRANSFORMER STATIONS AT LV NETWORKS

Unlike passive filters, active filters do not produce connection overvoltages,
because the charge will not be trapped in capacitors similarly. The typical
structure of active filters contains an inductor, i.e…. Read more


MOTOR STARTING CALCULATION (MS EXCEL SPREADSHEET)

A motor starting case study for any given electrical network can be performed by
reducing the network to a smaller equivalent network consisting of a source
(generator/grid), the starting motor… Read more


EFFECTS OF IMBALANCES AND NON-LINEAR LOADS IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The practical part of thesis implies creation model of distribution network that
will be able to demonstrate the effect of different non-linear loads on power
quality. Also the comparison data… Read more


CT SATURATION IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS – ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION GUIDELINES

It is possible that relatively low-ratio CTs are applied for protective relaying
of small loads fed from switchgear and motor controllers of relatively high
short-circuit capacity. Assume the worst-case scenario… Read more


DESIGN GUIDE TO ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION IN SECONDARY SUBSTATIONS

The goal of Distribution Automation in the Utility grid is real-time adjustment
to changing loads, distributed generation, and failure conditions within the
Distribution grid, usually without operator intervention. This requires… Read
more


AUDIT REPORT FOR 40 YEARS OLD 3.3KV AND 11KV SWITCHBOARDS (INCL. CONDITION
PHOTOS)

This audit report summarizes the existing condition of the 35-40 years old
Siemens’s 3.3 and 11kV switchboards and system at the time when the audit was
performed. Charts, diagrams and… Read more


MONITORING SYSTEM TO MEASURE DISTURBANCES AT LV AND MV SIDE OF SECONDARY
SUBSTATION

Secondary substation which is the focus of this thesis is the interface between
the MV and LV network. In Finland, it typically transforms the voltage level
from medium voltage (20… Read more



General
Engineering Guides

Becoming the good electrical engineer requires a lot of passion, training and
commitment. This comprehensive section is prepared as a resource for individuals
and professionals interested in the electrical engineering career path.

In this section you will find very usefull books and guides related to
electrical science in general, AC/DC electrical circuits, network protection,
electrical installations, lighting etc.

Browse
Power Substation
Handbooks

Substation engineers nowdays are involved in projects from design and
conceptualization to maintenance. Because of the wide range of industries using
electrical engineers, many engineers specialize in some of the sub-discipline of
electrical engineering.

Depending on background and expertise, projects can include systems such as
energy transmission and distribution, protection and control etc.

Browse
MS Excel Spreadsheets
(XLS, XLSX)

This section is dedicated to tools every electrical engineer can use in daily
work. These spreadsheets developed by enthusiasts will make your job much more
easier, alowing you to shorten the time used for endless calculations of power
cables, voltage drop, power factor, circuit breakers, capacitors, cable size,
power transformers etc.

Just to mention that all calculation spreadsheets are FREE for download!

Browse



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