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HomeApplicationsEnvironmental Testing & Industrial HygieneAir Monitoring



AIR MONITORING



Air sampling and monitoring is an assessment of air quality determined by the
measurement of pollutants and particulates in air. It is used in industrial
environments to protect workers and prevent environmental and product
contamination. When measuring air contaminants, investigators must consider not
only the sampling method but also the phase and identity of the pollutant or
particulate of interest.

 * Air Sampling Methods
 * Classification of Air Contaminants
 * Air Monitoring Applications



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AIR SAMPLING METHODS

Active air sampling involves drawing an air sample through a type of adsorbent
media such as a sorbent tube, thermal tube, filter or impinger using an air
pump.

Passive air sampling relies on the unassisted molecular diffusion of gaseous
agents (analytes) through a diffusive surface onto an adsorbent. This method
provides a reliable, cost-effective air quality analysis, because sampling
doesn’t involve air pumping but is rather controlled by diffusion. Passive air
sampling provides detailed levels of pollutants over a period of time, from days
to months, by measuring average pollutant concentrations.

Whole air sampling involves the collection of an entire air sample by drawing
air into a containment vessel, stainless steel container, or glass canister.
This simple collection method allows testing for compounds of interest directly
from the vessel.


CLASSIFICATION OF AIR CONTAMINANTS

Air contaminants are typically classified as chemical, radiological, or
biological contaminants.

Chemical contaminants occur as gases, vapors and particulates. Common chemical
contaminants in the air are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO),
formaldehyde, lead, asbestos, ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and dust
or particles (particulate matter). Chemical contaminants are measured by active
or passive air sampling.

Radiation monitoring is used to detect non-natural, radiation signals above
naturally occurring, background radiation levels.

Biological air contaminants include bacteria, spores, fungi, yeast, microbial
toxins, and viruses released from facilities. Other biological contaminants
include irritants and allergens, such as pollen and molds. Biological
contaminants are monitored using settle or contact plates and Reuter centrifugal
samplers that use dedicated agar strips.


AIR MONITORING APPLICATIONS

Air monitoring has various industrial applications where air quality is a
concern or a health hazard. Typical applications include the monitoring of
agricultural contamination, industrial pollution, and anesthetic gas exposure.

Vapor intrusion is the vapor phase migration of volatile organic inorganic
compounds into indoor air spaces from contaminated groundwater or soil.

The production of a variety of petrochemical products often lead to the
production of hazardous byproducts that can have negative health and
environmental effects. Refinery workers and surrounding communities are at risk
of exposure by the volatilization of hazardous materials from the routine
sampling, surface spills, leaking of underground storage tanks into soil and
groundwater supplies.

By blocking pain sensations, anesthetic gases allow patients to undergo surgical
or other procedures without distress. Issues with dosing technique, equipment
leaks or failures, waste anesthetic gases, can pose a risk to healthcare
workers.

People living and working in rural areas are at risk of exposure to a wide range
of pollutants emitted from agricultural operations. Exposure to pesticides and
herbicides is a significant concern, as roughly only 85% of sprayed airborne
pesticides reach their target destination. In addition to the risk of exposure
to the active chemical agent, workers who spray or deposit these agents are also
at risk of solvent exposure.



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Related Applications

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation
technique that uses coated fibers to extract analytes of interest from a sample
before analysis by GC or HPLC.
Gas Chromatography (GC)
Gas chromatography is a common analytic technique used to separate and analyze
volatile compounds in the gas phase. GC is applied in many industries for
quality control, and to identify and/or quantify compounds in a mixture.
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical tool used to identify compounds,
determine chemical structure, and assess isotopic abundance. In MS, samples are
ionized, and the resulting ions are identified based on their mass-to-charge
(m/z) ratios.
Calibration, Qualification & Validation
Reference materials are critical to method validation, calibration,
qualification, and measurement of uncertainty. The proper selection of the
reference material best suited for the testing application is vital, as results
are only as accurate as the reference.
Bioburden Testing
Bioburden testing measures the levels of microbial contamination in water, raw
materials, and finished products.
Microbial Culture Media Preparation
Culture media provides essential nutrients for the cultivation of microbes. They
also contain inhibitors for selective growth of specific microorganisms.
Pathogen & Spoilage Testing
Pathogen testing detects pathogenic organisms that can cause disease in humans
and is usually accompanied by indicator organism testing. Microbial spoilage
testing is used for the detection of microorganisms that cause goods to
deteriorate.
Sample Preparation by Filtration
Filtration separates substances based on physical or chemical properties. Lab
samples are routinely filtered before analysis to reduce sample complexity and
increase analyte purity. This allows scientists to generate higher quality
analytical results.


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