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Submission: On February 25 via manual from FR — Scanned from FR
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Text Content
* * * ABOUT * CONTACT * VISIT SENTINELONE.COM Back * ABOUT * CONTACT * VISIT SENTINELONE.COM Advanced Persistent Threat HERMETICWIPER | NEW DESTRUCTIVE MALWARE USED IN CYBER ATTACKS ON UKRAINE Juan Andrés Guerrero-Saade / February 23, 2022 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * On February 23rd, the threat intelligence community began observing a new wiper malware sample circulating in Ukrainian organizations. * Our analysis shows a signed driver is being used to deploy a wiper that targets Windows devices, manipulating the MBR resulting in subsequent boot failure. * This blog includes the technical details of the wiper, dubbed HermeticWiper, and includes IOCs to allow organizations to stay protected from this attack. * This sample is actively being used against Ukrainian organizations, and this blog will be updated as more information becomes available. * SentinelOne customers are protected from this threat, no action is needed. BACKGROUND On February 23rd, our friends at Symantec and ESET research tweeted hashes associated with a wiper attack in Ukraine, including one which is not publicly available as of this writing. We started analyzing this new wiper malware, calling it ‘HermeticWiper’ in reference to the digital certificate used to sign the sample. The digital certificate is issued under the company name ‘Hermetica Digital Ltd’ and valid as of April 2021. At this time, we haven’t seen any legitimate files signed with this certificate. It’s possible that the attackers used a shell company or appropriated a defunct company to issue this digital certificate. HermeticWiper Digital Signature This is an early effort to analyze the first available sample of HermeticWiper. We recognize that the situation on the ground in Ukraine is evolving rapidly and hope that we can contribute our small part to the collective analysis effort. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS At first glance, HermeticWiper appears to be a custom-written application with very few standard functions. The malware sample is 114KBs in size and roughly 70% of that is composed of resources. The developers are using a tried and tested technique of wiper malware, abusing a benign partition management driver, in order to carry out the more damaging components of their attacks. Both the Lazarus Group (Destover) and APT33 (Shamoon) took advantage of Eldos Rawdisk in order to get direct userland access to the filesystem without calling Windows APIs. HermeticWiper uses a similar technique by abusing a different driver, empntdrv.sys. HermeticWiper resources containing EaseUS Partition Manager drivers The copies of the driver are ms-compressed resources. The malware deploys one of these depending on the OS version, bitness, and SysWow64 redirection. EaseUS driver resource selection The benign EaseUS driver is abused to do a fair share of the heavy-lifting when it comes to accessing Physical Drives directly as well as getting partition information. This adds to the difficulty of analyzing HermeticWiper, as a lot of functionality is deferred to DeviceIoControl calls with specific IOCTLs. MBR AND PARTITION CORRUPTION HermeticWiper enumerates a range of Physical Drives multiple times, from 0-100. For each Physical Drive, the \\.\EPMNTDRV\ device is called for a device number. The malware then focuses on corrupting the first 512 bytes, the Master Boot Record (MBR) for every Physical Drive. While that should be enough for the device not to boot again, HermeticWiper proceeds to enumerate the partitions for all possible drives. They then differentiate between FAT and NTFS partitions. In the case of a FAT partition, the malware calls the same ‘bit fiddler’ to corrupt the partition. For NTFS, the HermeticWiper parses the Master File Table before calling this same bit fiddling function again. MFT parsing and bit fiddling calls We euphemistically refer to the bit fiddling function in the interest of brevity. Looking through it, we see calls to Windows APIs to acquire a cryptographic context provider and generate random bytes. It’s likely this is being used for an inlined crypto implementation and byte overwriting, but the mechanism isn’t entirely clear at this time. Further functionality refers to interesting MFT fields ($bitmap, $logfile) and NTFS streams ($DATA, $I30, $INDEX_ALLOCATION). The malware also enumerates common folders (‘My Documents’, ‘Desktop’, ‘AppData’), makes references to the registry (‘ntuser’), and Windows Event Logs ("\\\\?\\C:\\Windows\\System32\\winevt\\Logs"). Our analysis is ongoing to determine how this functionality is being used, but it is clear that having already corrupted the MBR and partitions for all drives, the victim system should be inoperable by this point of the execution. Along the way, HermeticWiper’s more mundane operations provide us with further IOCs to monitor for. These include the momentary creation of the abused driver as well as a system service. It also modifies several registry keys, including setting the SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\CrashControl CrashDumpEnabled key to 0, effectively disabling crash dumps before the abused driver’s execution starts. Disabling CrashDumps via the registry Finally, the malware waits on sleeping threads before initiating a system shutdown, finalizing the malware’s devastating effect. CONCLUSION After a week of defacements and increasing DDoS attacks, the proliferation of sabotage operations through wiper malware is an expected and regrettable escalation. At this time, we have a very small sliver of aperture into the attacks in Ukraine and subsequent spillover into neighboring countries and allies. If there’s a silver lining to such a difficult situation, it’s seeing the open collaboration between threat intel research teams, independent researchers, and journalists looking to get the story straight. Our thanks to the researchers at Symantec, ESET, Stairwell, and RedCanary among others who’ve contributed samples, time, and expertise. SENTINELONE CUSTOMERS PROTECTED INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE HermeticWiper SHA1 Win32 EXE 912342f1c840a42f6b74132f8a7c4ffe7d40fb77 Win32 EXE 61b25d11392172e587d8da3045812a66c3385451 ms-compressed SHA1 RCDATA_DRV_X64 a952e288a1ead66490b3275a807f52e5 RCDATA_DRV_X86 231b3385ac17e41c5bb1b1fcb59599c4 RCDATA_DRV_XP_X64 095a1678021b034903c85dd5acb447ad RCDATA_DRV_XP_X86 eb845b7a16ed82bd248e395d9852f467 rule MAL_HERMETIC_WIPER { meta: desc = "HermeticWiper - broad hunting rule" author = "Friends @ SentinelLabs" version = "1.0" last_modified = "02.23.2022" hash = "1bc44eef75779e3ca1eefb8ff5a64807dbc942b1e4a2672d77b9f6928d292591" strings: $string1 = "DRV_XP_X64" wide ascii nocase $string2 = "EPMNTDRV\\%u" wide ascii nocase $string3 = "PhysicalDrive%u" wide ascii nocase $cert1 = "Hermetica Digital Ltd" wide ascii nocase condition: uint16(0) == 0x5A4D and all of them } Ukraine wiper SHARE JUAN ANDRÉS GUERRERO-SAADE Juan Andrés is a Principal Threat Researcher at SentinelOne and an Adjunct Professor of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Juan Andrés was Chronicle Security’s Research Tsar, founding researcher of the Uppercase team. Prior to joining Chronicle, he was Principal Security Researcher at Kaspersky’s GReAT team focusing on targeted attacks and worked as Senior Cybersecurity and National Security Advisor to the Government of Ecuador. His joint work on Moonlight Maze is now featured in the International Spy Museum’s permanent exhibit in Washington, DC. Prev SANCTIONS BE DAMNED | FROM DRIDEX TO MACAW, THE EVOLUTION OF EVIL CORP RELATED POSTS HACKTIVISM AND STATE-SPONSORED KNOCK-OFFS | ATTRIBUTING DECEPTIVE HACK-AND-LEAK OPERATIONS January 27 2022 WADING THROUGH MUDDY WATERS | RECENT ACTIVITY OF AN IRANIAN STATE-SPONSORED THREAT ACTOR January 12 2022 EGOMANIAC | AN UNSCRUPULOUS TURKISH-NEXUS THREAT ACTOR September 08 2021 SEARCH Search ... AMAZON POLLY SIGN UP Get notified when we post new content. * Subscribe By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the use of my personal data in accordance with SentinelOne Privacy Policy. SentinelOne will not sell, trade, lease, or rent your personal data to third parties. Thanks! Keep an eye out for new content! RECENT POSTS * Sanctions Be Damned | From Dridex to Macaw, The Evolution of Evil Corp February 23, 2022 * Log4j2 In The Wild | Iranian-Aligned Threat Actor “TunnelVision” Actively Exploiting VMware Horizon February 17, 2022 * ModifiedElephant APT and a Decade of Fabricating Evidence February 9, 2022 LABS CATEGORIES * Crimeware * Security Research * Security & Intelligence * Advanced Persistent Threat * Adversary SENTINELLABS In the era of interconnectivity, when markets, geographies, and jurisdictions merge in the melting pot of the digital domain, the perils of the threat ecosystem become unparalleled. Crimeware families achieve an unparalleled level of technical sophistication, APT groups are competing in fully-fledged cyber warfare, while once decentralized and scattered threat actors are forming adamant alliances of operating as elite corporate espionage teams. LATEST TWEET * YARA rules to detect live ongoing attacks against Ukraine, by @TomHegel from SentinelLabs #HermeticWiper #Wiper… https://t.co/Uvgzz3H1B015 hours ago * RT @jfslowik: #CTI #HermeticWiper #CyclopsBlink https://t.co/1PPVM8hKPc13 hours ago * RT @elinormills: Second Wiper Attack Strikes Systems in Ukraine and Two Neighboring Countries https://t.co/jPAroMw6WU By @KimZetter feat @s…14 hours ago * RT @silascutler: If you're looking at #Golang binaries in IDA @SentinelOne's https://t.co/Coq2UA4D2o is by far one of the most useful tools…14 hours ago * YARA rules to detect live ongoing attacks against Ukraine, by @TomHegel from SentinelLabs #HermeticWiper #Wiper… https://t.co/Uvgzz3H1B015 hours ago * RT @jfslowik: #CTI #HermeticWiper #CyclopsBlink https://t.co/1PPVM8hKPc13 hours ago RECENT POSTS * Sanctions Be Damned | From Dridex to Macaw, The Evolution of Evil Corp February 23, 2022 * Log4j2 In The Wild | Iranian-Aligned Threat Actor “TunnelVision” Actively Exploiting VMware Horizon February 17, 2022 * ModifiedElephant APT and a Decade of Fabricating Evidence February 9, 2022 SIGN UP Get notified when we post new content. * Subscribe By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the use of my personal data in accordance with SentinelOne Privacy Policy. 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