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From Hypertension to Beyond: Unraveling the Diverse Mechanisms of Olmesartan in
Disease Modulation

   

Laiba Rind, Tarique Mahmood, Mohammed Haris Siddiqui, Farogh Ahsan, Arshiya
Shamim, Aamir Anwar, Rajnish Kumar Yadav

Olmesartan, originally known for its antihypertensive properties, exhibits
promising potential in addressing inflammation-mediated diseases. As an
angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), Olmesartan influences pivotal pathways,
including reactive oxygen species, cytokines, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MAPK. This
suggests a viable opportunity for repurposing the drug in conditions such as
ulcerative colitis, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cancer, as supported by
multiple preclinical studies. Ongoing clinical trials, particularly in
cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, suggest a broader therapeutic scope for
Olmesartan. Repurposing efforts would entail comprehensive investigations using
disease-specific preclinical models and dedicated clinical studies. The drug’s
established safety profile, wide availability, and well-understood ARB mechanism
of action offer distinct advantages that could facilitate a streamlined
repurposing process. In summary, Olmesartan’s versatile impact on
inflammation-related pathways positions it as a promising candidate for
repurposing across various diseases. Ongoing clinical trials and the drug’s
favorable attributes enhance its appeal for further exploration and potential
application in diverse medical contexts.    

       



       

   

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Protective Effects of Xanthine Derivatives Against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced
Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatic and Renal Tissues

   

Navid Omidifar, Ahmad Gholami, Mansoureh Shokripour, Mohammad Ali Nourani, Milad
Mohkam, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Bagher Khorram, Amir
Nili Ahmadabadi, Mahintaj Dara

In this study, the protective efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) as a xanthine
derivative against arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced kidney and liver damage in
mice was investigated. Thirty-six mice were divided into six groups, receiving
intraperitoneal injections of saline, ATO, PTX, or a combination for four weeks.
Blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemistry, while hepatic tissue
underwent examination for histopathological changes and assessment of oxidative
stress markers and antioxidant gene expression through Real-Time PCR. ATO
exposure significantly increased serum markers (creatinine, ALT, BUN, ALP, AST)
and induced histopathological changes in the liver. Moreover, it elevated renal
and hepatic nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and reduced
antioxidant enzyme expression (CAT, GSR, GPx, MPO, SOD), total thiol groups
(TTGs), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Conversely, PTX treatment
effectively lowered serum hepatic and renal markers, improved antioxidant
markers, and induced histopathological alterations. Notably, PTX did not
significantly affect renal and hepatic NO levels. These findings suggest that
PTX offers therapeutic potential in mitigating liver and acute kidney injuries
induced by various insults, including exposure to ATO.    

       



       

   

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