capnproto.org Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700::6812:110f Public Scan

Go To Rescan
Add Verdict Report

URL:
https://capnproto.org/
Submission: On October 06 via api (October 6th 2023, 6:37:10 am UTC) from US — Scanned from DE

Summary HTTP 11 Redirects Links 12 Behaviour Indicators

Summary

This website contacted 1 IPs in 1 countries across 1 domains to perform 11 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2606:4700::6812:110f, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is capnproto.org.
TLS certificate: Issued by E1 on August 27th 2023. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time capnproto.org was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address		AS Autonomous System
11	2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6812:110f		13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
11	1

11 2606:4700::6812:110f (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

capnproto.org	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
11	capnproto.org capnproto.org	137 KB
11	1

	Domain	Requested by
11	capnproto.org	capnproto.org
11	1

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
groups.google.com
github.com
www.zlib.net
sandstorm.io
workers.dev
twitter.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
capnproto.org E1	`2023-08-27` - `2023-11-25`	3 months	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://capnproto.org/
Frame ID: 4AC61F3A1F5FC17613F8EF0DCA18EC28
Requests: 11 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Cap'n Proto: Introduction

Page Statistics

11
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

1
Domains

1
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

137 kB
Transfer

155 kB
Size

0
Cookies

12 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://groups.google.com/group/capnproto
Title: Discuss on Groups

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://github.com/capnproto/capnproto
Title: View on GitHub

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
Title: Protocol Buffers

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: http://www.zlib.net/
Title: zlib

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://github.com/Cyan4973/lz4
Title: LZ4

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://sandstorm.io/
Title: Sandstorm.io

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://workers.dev/
Title: Cloudflare Workers

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://twitter.com/BenLaurie/status/575079375307153409
Title: “the most awesome response I’ve ever had.”

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://groups.google.com/group/capnproto-announce
Title: announcement list

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://twitter.com/capnproto
Title: Twitter

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://github.com/kentonv
Title: kentonv

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://twitter.com/sailorhg
Title: sailorhg

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

11 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2 200 Primary Request / Show response
capnproto.org/ 9 KB
4 KB 551ms
480ms Document
text/html 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

ebf442743e65b2454c4e7c1fb1f5882fcc172888c1383fea48c7f3168863d096

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9

Response headers

cache-control: public, max-age=3600
cf-cache-status: EXPIRED
cf-ray: 811be4c5eb9f18e1-FRA
content-encoding: gzip
content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT
last-modified: Thu, 05 Oct 2023 15:03:18 GMT
server: cloudflare
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-content-type-options: nosniff

GET
H2 200 stylesheet.css
capnproto.org/stylesheets/ 10 KB
3 KB 27ms
27ms Stylesheet
text/css 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

62d539b96d822d284e224289a609668d647aa0a5dd58e2679953fe3767c2d1cf

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
cf-bgj: minify
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:47 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1277
cf-polished: origSize=14517
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: text/css;charset=utf-8
content-encoding: gzip
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
cf-ray: 811be4c8eee818e1-FRA
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 main.js Show response
capnproto.org/javascripts/ 4 KB
2 KB 28ms
28ms Script
text/javascript 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/javascripts/main.js

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

163be6d69db0508073d95dcc4d0d3abbaa802648f1ba4445f7b66dbb397aeb27

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
cf-bgj: minify
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:47 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1277
cf-polished: origSize=5878
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-encoding: gzip
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
cf-ray: 811be4c8eee918e1-FRA
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 logo.png
capnproto.org/images/ 61 KB
61 KB 32ms
32ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/logo.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

5ac5487d7d57a46f85bf3a3ee1011ea415b282d667337df39b6bc0eb49df5933

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:47 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1277
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c91f0b18e1-FRA
content-length: 62234
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 infinitely_faster.png
capnproto.org/images/ 16 KB
16 KB 31ms
31ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/infinitely_faster.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

79b54a25135107f6b6cfc870b19e6e4749f847eb825f4b59346c61d2b66fca40

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:47 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1277
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c94f4218e1-FRA
content-length: 16126
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 infinity-times-faster.png
capnproto.org/images/ 17 KB
18 KB 592ms
592ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/infinity-times-faster.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

0898022540cc555ba72e236201d6d3810b1241691c539a2e8f90c93af7a34ba6

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:05 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: EXPIRED
last-modified: Thu, 05 Oct 2023 08:53:23 GMT
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c94f4318e1-FRA
content-length: 17837
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:05 GMT

GET
H2 200 time-travel.png
capnproto.org/images/ 29 KB
29 KB 597ms
597ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/time-travel.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

9e9bc577a1a15547382a0cb02b43eb61916f98d888fe0270c814b86f930716fa

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:05 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: EXPIRED
last-modified: Thu, 05 Oct 2023 12:17:27 GMT
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c96f5a18e1-FRA
content-length: 29707
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:05 GMT

GET
H2 200 pygment_trac.css
capnproto.org/stylesheets/ 3 KB
607 B 34ms
34ms Stylesheet
text/css 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/pygment_trac.css

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

ed0a59a9eeee86498764795c79b24e06a707c184ab7a34550a9ba8ad32c322a7

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
cf-bgj: minify
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:48 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1276
cf-polished: origSize=4677
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: text/css;charset=utf-8
content-encoding: gzip
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
cf-ray: 811be4c91f0a18e1-FRA
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 groups-logo.png
capnproto.org/images/ 1 KB
2 KB 32ms
32ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/groups-logo.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

bc4d6cad4456a8b90ee0bb75dc49f7c265bea1c9391e5b10daeaf3c48faf27f7

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:49 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1275
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c96f5d18e1-FRA
content-length: 1482
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 blacktocat.png
capnproto.org/images/ 1 KB
1 KB 29ms
28ms Image
image/png 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/blacktocat.png

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

01609f52c83c1bf92878bcc87a15656205dcacbea51d198c72e252a87e256c11

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:04 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: HIT
last-modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:15:49 GMT
server: cloudflare
age: 1275
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 811be4c96f5e18e1-FRA
content-length: 1428
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:04 GMT

GET
H2 200 twitter.svg
capnproto.org/images/ 2 KB
1 KB 476ms
476ms Image
image/svg+xml 2606:4700::6812:110f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://capnproto.org/images/twitter.svg

Requested by

Host: capnproto.org
URL: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6812:110f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

99aac5b04cfbe572f734aaa389ce639f50d0366de463dea8f2742224c29f61b3

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: https://capnproto.org/stylesheets/stylesheet.css
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.149 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 06:37:05 GMT
content-encoding: gzip
x-content-type-options: nosniff
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
cf-cache-status: EXPIRED
last-modified: Thu, 05 Oct 2023 08:53:24 GMT
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
cf-ray: 811be4c96f6118e1-FRA
expires: Fri, 06 Oct 2023 07:37:05 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

function| initSidebar function| setupSidebar function| setupNewsSidebar function| setupSlides

0 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

capnproto.org
2606:4700::6812:110f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capnproto.org Open in urlscan Pro 2606:4700::6812:110f Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page Statistics

11 Requests

100 %HTTPS

100 %IPv6

1 Domains

1 Subdomains

1 IPs

1 Countries

137 kBTransfer

155 kBSize

0 Cookies

12 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

11 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

0 Cookies

Security Headers

Indicators

capnproto.org Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700::6812:110f Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

11
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

1
Domains

1
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

137 kB
Transfer

155 kB
Size

0
Cookies

11 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions