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Browse Search Dictionary Quizzes Money Subscribe Subscribe Login Koine Table of Contents Koine * Introduction Fast Facts * Facts & Related Content * Quizzes Media * Images More * More Articles On This Topic * Contributors * Article History Home Geography & Travel Languages KOINE ancient Greek language Actions Cite Share Give Feedback External Websites Print Cite Share Feedback Alternate titles: Hellenistic Greek language, New Testament Greek By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica • Edit History -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Key People: Gēorgios N. Hatzidakis ...(Show more) Related Topics: Greek language Attic dialect ...(Show more) See all related content → Koine, the fairly uniform Hellenistic Greek spoken and written from the 4th century bc until the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian (mid-6th century ad) in Greece, Macedonia, and the parts of Africa and the Middle East that had come under the influence or control of Greeks or of Hellenized rulers. Based chiefly on the Attic dialect, the Koine had superseded the other ancient Greek dialects by the 2nd century ad. Koine is the language of the Greek translation of the Old Testament (the Septuagint), of the New Testament, and of the writings of the historian Polybius and the philosopher Epictetus. It forms the basis of Modern Greek. See also Greek languages. The divergences of the Koine from classical norms gave rise in the 1st century ad to a purist movement known as Atticism, which had little effect on the everyday spoken language although it influenced the written language, causing it to have archaizing tendencies. Britannica Quiz Languages & Alphabets Parlez-vous français? ¿Habla usted español? See how M-U-C-H you know about your A-B-Cs in other languages. This article was most recently revised and updated by Kathleen Kuiper. Attic dialect Table of Contents Attic dialect * Introduction Fast Facts * Related Content * Quizzes More * More Articles On This Topic * Contributors * Article History Home Geography & Travel Languages ATTIC DIALECT dialect Actions Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Copy Citation Share Share Share to social media Facebook Twitter URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Attic-dialect Give Feedback External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! External Websites * Internet Archive - "Syntax of the Greek Language; Especially of the Attic Dialect, for the Use of Schools" Print Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Copy Citation Share Share Share to social media Facebook Twitter URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Attic-dialect Feedback External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! External Websites * Internet Archive - "Syntax of the Greek Language; Especially of the Attic Dialect, for the Use of Schools" By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica • Edit History -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Key People: Manuel Moschopoulos ...(Show more) Related Topics: Koine Ionic-Attic Old Attic ...(Show more) See all related content → Attic dialect, Ancient Greek dialect that was the language of ancient Athens. Its closest relative was the Ionic dialect of Euboea. With the ascendance of the Athenian empire in the course of the 5th century bc, Attic became the most prestigious of the Greek dialects and as a result was adopted later as the standard language by the Macedonian kings. Moreover, it became in Hellenistic times the language of the Macedonian rulers in the Middle East and Egypt. This later phase of Attic is called Koine, a dialect common to all Greeks. In literature, Attic is the dialect of Athenian comedy and, interspersed with Doric lyric elements, of tragedy. In the second half of the 5th century bc, it also became the dialect of Greek prose, not only for such Athenian writers as Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato, Lysias, Isocrates, and Demosthenes but also for foreigners such as the orator and Sophist Gorgias of Leontini (Sicily). During the Roman period, prose writers such as Plutarch and Lucian were Atticists: they preferred to use the classical Attic dialect of the 5th and 4th centuries bc, rather than the spoken Koine of their own time. Britannica Quiz Languages & Alphabets Parlez-vous français? ¿Habla usted español? See how M-U-C-H you know about your A-B-Cs in other languages. Load Next Page Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Koine". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Oct. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Koine-Greek-language. Accessed 5 October 2022. Copy Citation Share Share to social media Facebook Twitter URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Koine-Greek-language Share Share to social media Facebook Twitter URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Koine-Greek-language verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Koine". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Oct. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Koine-Greek-language. Accessed 5 October 2022. Copy Citation Update Privacy Preferences