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Research article
First published online September 20, 2023



DO UN PEACE OPERATIONS HELP FORCIBLY DISPLACED PEOPLE?

Stefano Costalli stefano.costalli@unifi.it, Jessica Di Salvatore, and Andrea
Ruggeri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-6099View all authors and affiliations
Volume 61, Issue 6
https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231186448
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ABSTRACT

Do UN missions reduce forced displacement? Facing insecure environments,
civilians are left with three choices: staying; moving to a safer community; or
moving outside their country. Their aspiration and ability to move depend on
individual characteristics and macro-level factors, such as the social, economic
and political context in which these people live. Research shows that UN
missions can impact and reset the macro-level context altered by war, especially
in the security and economic domain. However, we lack empirical evidence on
whether this impact helps UN peacekeeping tackle forced displacement and
returns. This article offers the first global analysis of whether and how UN
missions can shape aggregate population movements during civil wars. We combine
data on outflows and returns of refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs)
with data on distinct UN missions’ features that we expect to affect population
movements, namely the size of their contingents and their mandated tasks. Using
matched samples, we find that the unfolding of the outflows and inflows
processes are affected by different features of UN missions. Sizeable
deployments decrease IDPs flows and encourage their return; refugee outflows, on
the other hand, may increase in presence of UN missions. Furthermore, missions
with displacement-related mandates are associated with decreasing IDP flows
overall, but only encourage refugees’ returns.


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BIOGRAPHIES

STEFANO COSTALLI, PhD in Political Science (IMT-Lucca, 2008); Associate
Professor at the University of Florence (2019– ). Current research interests:
civil wars, political violence, peacekeeping.
JESSICA DI SALVATORE, PhD in Political Science (University of Amsterdam, 2017);
Associate Professor at the University of Warwick (2020– ). Current research
interests: peacekeeping operations, political violence.
ANDREA RUGGERI, PhD in International Relations (University of Essex, 2011);
Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of
Oxford (2014– ). Current research interests: peace operations, civil war,
political conflict.


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Journal of Peace Research
Volume 61, Issue 6
Pages: 1051 - 1068
Article first published online: September 20, 2023
Issue published: November 2024


KEYWORDS

 1. civil wars
 2. forced displacement
 3. peacekeeping
 4. refugees
 5. returns

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AUTHORS

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STEFANO COSTALLI

Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Florence
stefano.costalli@unifi.it
View all articles by this author

JESSICA DI SALVATORE

Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick
View all articles by this author

ANDREA RUGGERI

Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-6099
View all articles by this author

NOTES

stefano.costalli@unifi.it


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   2011
 * CQ Researcher
   Report
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