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IRRIGATION SYSTEM AROUND THE WORLD

March 21, 2023
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The irrigation system is a key part of modern farming. From the ancient
Egyptians to the present day, these systems have been used to transport and
distribute  water for the cultivation of crops. This article will explore some
of the most common irrigation systems found around the world and how they have
been used over the centuries.





ANCIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

The oldest known irrigation systems date back to around 6,000 B.C. in Egypt and
Mesopotamia. These systems were used for both agriculture and flood control. In
Egypt, canals and dams were built to irrigate the fields and manage the flooding
of the Nile River. In Mesopotamia, the Euphrates and Tigris rivers were used to
irrigate the fields, with canals and dams being built to manage the flow of
water.
Subcontinent ancient civilization of the Harappans also used irrigation systems.
They built sophisticated canals and reservoirs to irrigate their fields, as well
as to control flooding. These systems were highly advanced for their time and
served as an important part of the ancient economy.


MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEM

The modern irrigation systems of today are much more advanced than those of the
past. North America, the United States and Canada are the two leading countries
in terms of irrigation technology. In the United States, the majority of
irrigation systems are powered by electric pumps, while in Canada most systems
are gravity-fed.
In other parts of the world, irrigation systems vary greatly. China surface
irrigation is the most common type of system. This is the same type of system
that was used by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians. In Africa, the
majority of irrigation systems are manual and rely on traditional methods such
as furrow irrigation.




IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Irrigation systems are vital for agricultural production, but they can also have
a negative impact on the environment. In areas where the water supply is
limited, irrigation can lead to soil erosion and depletion of groundwater
reserves. In addition, poorly maintained irrigation systems can lead to the
spread of pests and plant diseases.
To minimize the environmental impacts of irrigation systems, it is important for
farmers to practice sustainable farming techniques. This includes using
water-efficient irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation and subsurface
irrigation, which use less


IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan is a developing nation with an agricultural economy, which is why
irrigation systems are an important part of its infrastructure. The majority of
its population is engaged in farming and related activities, making irrigation
essential for ensuring a successful agricultural season.
Irrigation systems in Pakistan are mostly powered by the Indus River and its
tributaries, with most of the country relying on the Indus Basin Irrigation
System (IBIS). This system provides  water for almost all of the irrigated land
in Pakistan. The IBIS also provides water from the Indus to the other rivers,
including the Chenab, Jhelum, and Ravi, which feed into the Punjab region.

The Indus Basin Irrigation System is divided into five major irrigation schemes,
which are: Lower Bari Doab, Chashma-Jhelum, Upper Chenab, Upper Jhelum and Lower
Jhelum. These schemes use the natural flow of the rivers and the artificial
channel systems to divert water to the fields and villages.
In addition to the IBIS, the government has built numerous barrages and dams to
control the flow of water and ensure a steady supply of water to the fields.
These include the four large dams along the River Indus at Tarbela, Chashma,
Mangla and Kotri. In addition, the government has built several canals, such as
the Link Canal, to bring water to the far-reaching areas of the country.



The government of Pakistan has also implemented several policies to help improve
the irrigation systems in the country. These include the provision of modern
irrigation equipment, the construction of water reservoirs, the regulation of
the water supply, the installation of irrigation systems, and the maintenance of
water distribution channels.

The government is also encouraging farmers to adopt modern farming techniques,
including the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This is helping to increase
crop yields and reduce the need for irrigation. In addition, the government is
providing incentives to farmers in the form of subsidies and loans to buy
irrigation equipment.

Irrigation systems in Pakistan have come a long way since their humble
beginnings. Today, they are helping to ensure a successful agricultural season
and are providing much-needed assistance to the farmers of the country. With the
right policies in place, these systems can continue to provide the necessary
irrigation to the fields and villages of the country.




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