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DNA-Based
RNA-Based
Live attenuated
Inactivated Virus
Protein subunit
Replicating viral vector
Non-replicating viral vector
Virus-like particle
Other Vaccines
Overview
HOW TO READ THE SYRINGE Graphic
Timeline
HOW Vaccines work
Stages of Development
Early Manufacturing
A Race ARound the World
list of vaccines by Category

Inactivated Virus
Live attenuated
Protein subunit
DNA-Based
RNA-Based
Replicating viral vector
Non-replicating viral vector
Virus-like particle
Other Vaccines

Data sourced from FasterCures, a center of the Milken Institute.

Interactive visualization by FirstPerson, a design & storytelling company.


Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker
Rapidly evolving, check back often.

Last updated:
September 2, 2020 10:16 PM
PST
210
vaccines are in development.
30
are now in clinical testing.
The race to develop, approve, and manufacture a COVID-19 vaccine is fluid—and
urgent.

How long will it take? Some say not long.
Let's put that into perspective.
Scroll

Leading Candidates
Farthest Along*
Clinical Phase
Univ. of Oxford/AstraZeneca
III
Sinovac/Instituto Butantan
III
Wuhan Inst./Sinopharm
III
Beijing Inst./Sinopharm

III
Moderna
III
BioNTech/Fosun/Pfizer
II/III
CanSino Biologics
II
Inst. of Medical Biology
II
Anhui Zhifei Longcom
II
Novavax
II
*Ranked by entry into latest phase of development. Clinical phases move when it
is publicly reported that the product has been dosed in a trial.

Key
Inactivated Virus
Live Attenuated Virus
Protein Subunit
DNA-Based
RNA-Based
replicating viral vector
Non-Replicating VIral Vector
Virus-Like Particle
Other Vaccines
Vaccine Categories









Clinical Trial Phase
I
Phase One
II
Phase Two
III
Phase Three
RR
Regulatory Review

View on desktop for the full experience.
View data for vaccines and treatments.

HOW TO READ THE SYRINGE Graphic

There are currently
These fall into
At this time,
But not all vaccines are created equal.

210
vaccines in development 
for COVID-19.
This syringe represents vaccines currently in development. Each row is an
individual vaccine.
Inactivated Virus
Live Attenuated Virus
Protein Subunit
DNA-Based
RNA-Based
replicating viral vector
Non-Replicating VIral Vector
Virus-Like Particle
Other Vaccines
Vaccine Categories









How many are out of the pre-clinical phase?

9
different product categories / platforms.

More about the timeline, phases, manufacturing, and approaches to develop a
COVID-19 vaccine.

Clinical trial phases read in columns from left to right on the syringe.

vaccines still in the pre-clinical phase remain transparent.
30
vaccines are in one of four phases of clinical testing.

I
II
III
RR


Timeline

The vaccine development process typically takes a decade, but COVID-19 timelines
are being compressed due to the global urgency of the pandemic.
Typical Vaccine Development


Possible COVID-19 vaccine development
12-18 MOnths

~10 Years
Some suggest a timeline from start of development to public use is 12-18 months
from January 2020, when the genetic sequence of the virus that causes COVID-19
was published.

How Vaccines Work


Weak Germs Injected
Traditionally, vaccines contain the same germs, either killed or weakened, or
part of the germ that causes the disease.

Antibodies Created
They stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies, as if you were exposed
to the germ.

Immunity Developed
After getting vaccinated, one develops immunity to that disease without having
to get it first.
Vaccines don’t cure diseases.

They prevent them.

stages of development
After pre-clinical studies are completed, the multiple phases of the clinical
trial process test whether new vaccines are safe and effective before going
public—culminating in a regulatory review. Phase IV is post-approval and
monitors real-world effectiveness.
This process usually takes approximately 10 years, but governments and industry
are fast-tracking these vaccines while maintaining safety and efficacy
standards.
PRE

Pre-Clinical Phase
 * Collects data to support feasibility and safety
   
 * Involves iterative non-human testing
 * Evaluates toxic and pharmacological effects
 * Normally occurs before human testing can begin


I

Clinical phase
 * Small study of healthy people
   
 * Evaluates safety and immune response at different doses
 * Typically takes 1-2 years, but for COVID-19 trials, expected to take 3 months


II

Clinical phase
 * Studies 100s of people
   
 * Further evaluates safety, assesses efficacy, and informs optimal dose and
   vaccine schedule
 * Typically takes 2-3 years, but for COVID-19 trials, expected to take 8 months


III

Clinical phase
 * Studies 1000s of people
   
 * Further evaluates safety and efficacy
 * Typically takes 2-4 years, but for COVID-19 trials, may be combined with
   Phase II


RR

Regulatory Review
 * Government agency reviews trial data and licensing application information
   before approval
   
 * Can happen while manufacturing has started
 * Typically takes 1-2 years, but for COVID-19, expedited to take a few months


IV

Clinical Phase
 * Post-approval studies that monitor effectiveness in real-world conditions
   
 * Testing begins after vaccine has been released to public


Once a vaccine is approved, do we get it right away?

Early Manufacturing
Oftentimes developers will try to ensure that enough of a vaccine is ready to
ship the moment approval comes in by beginning the manufacturing process during
clinical trials.
But a manufacturer loses significant resources if approval doesn’t come or a
vaccine is no longer needed in the marketplace. The more vaccines produced, the
more risk incurred. To mitigate risk and encourage manufacturing, governments,
industry and international organizations are working together.
Pre
I
II
III
RR
IV

NON-IDEAL CASE
Developer manufactures mass quantities of a vaccine, but does not get approval,
leaving the public without a vaccine and resources put into manufacturing lost.
For COVID-19 vaccine development, private philanthropy has pledged to pay the
lost costs for this scenario.
Pre
I
II
III
RR
IV

GOOD CASE
Developer gets fast approval, but has not manufactured enough of a vaccine to
distribute in mass quantities. The public must wait longer for more vaccines to
become available.
Pre
I
II
III
RR
IV

BEST CASE
Developer gets fast approval and has been concurrently manufacturing the vaccine
during clinical trials.
The vaccine is now ready to distribute in mass quantities.
A race ARound the world
To expedite development and distribution of a vaccine, unprecedented
international alliances have been formed and billions have been allocated. But
simultaneous initial development will eventually give way, and only a select few
of the most promising candidates will receive funding towards eventual licensing
and distribution.
That is why many different types of vaccines are being researched and
tested—some traditional, others experimental. Each product category has its own
advantages and disadvantages, and we will likely need more than one vaccine to
protect all people around the globe.


Meet the candidates.

DNA-Based
RNA-Based
Live attenuated
Inactivated Virus
Protein subunit
Replicating viral vector
Non-replicating viral vector
Virus-like particle
Other Vaccines
Inactivated Virus
Live attenuated
Protein subunit
DNA-Based
RNA-Based
Replicating viral vector
Non-replicating viral vector
Virus-like particle
Other Vaccines
Inactivated virus
These consist of viruses grown in culture and then killed as a means to reduce
virulence (ability to infect and cause harm) and thus prevent infection from the
vaccine. One benefit is they can be given to people with weakened immune
systems. Examples include polio and influenza vaccines.
Sinovac/ Instituto Butantan/ Bio Farma
Inactivated (inactivated + alum); CoronaVac (formerly PiCoVacc)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for SARS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial began end of July 2020; Phase II began June 2020, mid-Phase II
results released August 2020; Preliminary results from Phase I/II trials
released June 2020; Received early approval for emergency use in China in August
2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04352608, NCT04383574, NCT04456595, NCT04508075, 669/UN6.KEP/EC/2020
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial began July 2020; Phase I/II early trial results released June
2020, Phase I/II interim analysis published August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ChiCTR2000031809, ChiCTR2000034780
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial began July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ChiCTR2000032459, ChiCTR2000034780
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase II began June 2020; Phase I began May 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04412538, NCT04470609
Bharat Biotech/ Indian Council of Medical Research/ National Institute of
Virology
Whole-Virion Inactivated (COVAXIN)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I of the I/II study began July 2020, initial results expected September
2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
CTRI/2020/07/026300, NCT04471519
KM Biologics
Inactivated (inactivated + alum)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for JE, Zika
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan
Inactivated, QAZCOVID-IN®

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II expected to begin September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04530357
Erciyes University
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Selcuk University
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Valneva/ Dynavax
Inactivated (Inactivated + CpG 1018), VLA2001

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Japanese Encephalitis
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Research Centre, Egypt
Inactivated whole virus

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Sinovac/ Dynavax
Inactivated (inactivated + CpG 1018)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Osaka University / BIKEN / NIBIOHN
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Inactivated

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher


Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Live attenuated virus
In contrast to inactivated virus vaccines, these vaccines, also whole viruses,
are live to elicit a stronger immune response but weakened to reduce virulence.
Examples include those for measles, mumps, and tuberculosis.
Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University/ Acıbadem Labmed Health Services A.S.
Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Meissa Vaccines 
MV-014-210

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for RSV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Start Phase 1 beginning of 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Indian Immunologicals Ltd/ Griffith University
Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Codagenix / Serum Institute of India
Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HAV, InfA, ZIKV, FMD, SIV, RSV, DENV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal data in summer 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Protein subunit
Rather than introducing whole viruses to an immune system, a fragment of the
virus is used to trigger an immune response and stimulate immunity. Examples
include the subunit vaccines against Hepatitis B and shingles.
Novavax/ Emergent BioSolutions/ Praha Vaccines/ Serum Institute of India/ AGC
Biologics/ Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies/ SK bioscience
Protein subunit; Full-length recombinant SARS COV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle
vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M (NVX-CoV2373)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)/ US Department of Defense/ Gates
Foundation
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for RSV, CCHF, HPV, VZV, EBOV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial expected to begin fall 2020; Phase IIb trial began Aug 2020;
Selected for US Operation Warp Speed July 2020; Phase I/II began end of May
2020, Phase II portion began Aug 2020; Animal study and preliminary Phase I
results released Aug 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04368988, NCT04533399
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase II began July 2020; Received approval to launch clinical trials in China
in June 2020; Phase I preliminary results expected in September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04445194, NCT04466085
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Peptide vaccine, EpiVacCorona

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II trial began end of July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04527575
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas
RBD + Adjuvant (FINLAY-FR-1)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II began August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
RPCEC00000332
Adimmune Corporation
Baculovirus-insect cells expression system, spike (S) protein (tAdimrSC-2f)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I began end of August 2020; Phase II expected to begin November 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04522089
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I began end of August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ChiCTR2000037518
Vaxine Pty Ltd/ Flinders University/ Oracle/ Medytox/ Sypharma/ Oxford
Expression Technologies
Protein subunit; recombinant spike protein with Advax adjuvant (COVAX-19)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Innovate UK
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I trial began July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04453852
University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus
Protein subunit; molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)/Queensland Government/Federal
Government (Australia)/Paul Ramsay Foundation
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Nipah, influenza, Ebola, Lassa
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I trial began July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ACTRN12620000674932p, NCT04495933
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./ GSK/ Dynavax
Protein subunit, native like trimeric subunit spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HIV, RSV, Influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CEPI partnership expanded in July 2020, Phase I trial started June 2020,
preliminary results expected August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04405908
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Subunit vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Ebola
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) / Universidad Peruana Cayetano
Heredia (UPCH)
RBD protein (baculovirus production) + FAR-Squalene adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Soligenix/ University of Hawaii at Mānoa
CiVax™ COVID-19 vaccine candidate; spike protein + novel adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Soligenix, Inc.
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Pre-clinical testing results released in July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Cambridge / DIOSynVax
Protein subunit; S protein (DIOS-CoVax2)

Funder
Funder
n/a
UK Government
Related use
Related use
n/a
Influenza, Ebola
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to begin in late fall or early 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Verndari/ University of California, Davis
Spike protein; VaxiPatch microneedle array dermal patch

Funder
Funder
n/a
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) Division of
Research, Innovation, and Ventures (DRIVe)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccines against influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Preliminary pre-clinical results are expected in the second half of 2020, Phase
I trial is expected to begin thereafter; Selected by BARDA DRIVe for support in
August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Sorrento Therapeutics
Recombinant fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain and human
IgG Fc (T-VIVA-19)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal study results released July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Heat Biologics (Zolovax)/ University of Miami/ Waisman Biomanufacturing
Protein subunit (gp-96 backbone)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for cancer (NSCLC), HIV, malaria, Zika
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal data released August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp/ NIAID/ Dynavax
S-2 P protein + CpG 1018

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to start September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04487210
Sanofi Pasteur/ GSK
Protein subunit; S protein, baculovirus production

Funder
Funder
n/a
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/ US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS)/ US Department of Defense (DoD)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Influenza, SARS-CoV (FDA approved
vaccine)
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II expected to begin in September 2020; Selected for US Operation Warp
Speed in April 2020 and awarded funding in July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

IMV, Inc., Canadian Center for Vaccinology at Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton
Killam Health Center, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Canadian Immunization
Research Network, University of Laval, Global Urgent and Advanced Research and
Development in Canada
Protein subunit; DPX-COVID-19, protein subunit, peptide antigens formulated in
LNP

Funder
Funder
n/a
National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC
IRAP), Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA), and Next Generation
Manufacturing Canada (NGen)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for cancer and infectious diseases,
including malaria and anthrax
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start by Summer 2020, results expected by Fall 2020; Phase II
expected to start in the second half of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan
Protein subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Kentucky BioProcessing (British American Tobacco)
RBD-based

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II expected to begin August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04473690
Mynvax
RBD-protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ImmunoPrecise/ LiteVax BV
Spike-based (epitope screening)

Funder
Funder
n/a
TRANSVAC2
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

InnoMedica
Protein subunit, TaliCoVax19

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Bogazici University
Peptide + novel adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center
Recombinant S protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Virginia
S subunit intranasal liposomal formulation with GLA/3M052 adjs.

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Research Centre, Egypt
Protein Subunit S, N, M & S1 protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso & Trinity Immonoefficient Laboratory, Ogbomoso,
Oyo State, Nigeria
Subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Baiya Phytopharm/ Chula Vaccine Research Center
Plant-based subunit (RBD-Fc + Adjuvant)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Intravacc/Epivax

Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-subunit x


Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of San Martin and CONICET, Argentina
Protein subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Yisheng Biopharma
Protein subunit, recombinant protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

WRAIR / USAMRIID
Protein subunit; S protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vabiotech
Protein subunit, recombinant S protein in IC-BEVS

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vaxil Bio
Protein subunit; peptide

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Alberta
Protein subunit; spike based

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Hepatitis C
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of California, San Diego
Protein subunit; plant virus nanotechnology formulated as injectable and
microneedle patch

Funder
Funder
n/a
National Science Foundation (Rapid Response Research [RAPID] grant)
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums
Protein subunit, recombinant protein, nanoparticles (based on S-protein and
other epitopes)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Quadram Institute Biosciences
OMV-based vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Flu A, plaque
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, GC Pharma
Protein subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

LakePharma, Inc.
Protein subunit, nanoparticle vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Lomonosov Moscow State University
Structurally modified spherical particles of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Neovii/Tel Aviv University
RBD-based

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan
Protein subunit, S protein + adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Osaka University / BIKEN / National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Japan
Protein subunit, VLP-recombinant protein + adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

OncoGen
Protein subunit, synthetic long peptide vaccine candidate for S and M proteins

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

MIGAL Galilee Research Institute
Protein subunit; oral E. coli-based protein expression system of S and N
proteins

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

PDS Biotechnology
PDS-0203; Versamune T-cell activating technology

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccines against cancers, HBV, influenza, and tuberculosis
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
Targeted (Langerhans cell specific) protein subunit; spike based

Funder
Funder
n/a
KHAN-1 Technology Transfer Fund I GmbH & Co KG
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Intravacc/Epivax
Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-peptide

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Innovax / Xiamen University / GSK
Protein subunit; COVID-19 XWG-03 truncated Spike proteins

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HPV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

iBio / CC-Pharming
Protein subunit; Subunit protein, plant produced

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ExpreS2ion
Protein subunit, drosophila S2 insect cell expression system VLPs

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Generex / EpiVax
Protein subunit; Ii-Key peptide

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HIV, SARS-CoV, Influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Flow Pharma
Protein subunit, peptide

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Ebola, Marburg, HIV, Zika, Influenza,
HPV therapeutic vaccine, Breast Cancer
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

EpiVax / University of Georgia
Protein subunit; S protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Inf H7N9
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

EpiVax
Protein subunit EPV-CoV-19

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

AnyGo Technology
Protein subunit, recombinant S1-Fc fusion protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

BiOMVis Srl/ University of Trento
OMV-based vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Baylor College of Medicine
Protein subunit; S1 or RBD protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for SARS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Biological E Ltd
Protein subunit; adjuvanted protein subunit (RBD)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc.
Orally delivered, heat stable subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Axon Neuroscience SE
Peptides derived from Spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Chulalongkorn University/ GPO, Thailand
RBD protein fused with Fc of IgG + Adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

AJ Vaccines
Protein subunit; S protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Pittsburgh
PittCoVacc, Protein subunit, microneedle arrays S1 subunit

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start as early as June 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan
Protein subunit, adjuvanted microsphere peptide

Funder
Funder
n/a
The Government of Saskatchewan and the Canadian Federal Government
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal testing results expected in April 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

PREVENT-nCoV consortium (AdaptVac, Institute for Tropical Medicine at University
of Tubingen, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Copenhagen,
ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, Wageningen University)/ Bavarian Nordic
Protein subunit, capsid-like particle (CLP)

Funder
Funder
n/a
European Commission (Horizon 2020 Program)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HPV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to begin by February 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

UMN Pharma (Shionogi)
Protein subunit; recombinant protein vaccine, utilizing baculovirus expression
vector system technology

Funder
Funder
n/a
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start by end of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
DNA-Based
These next-gen vaccines work through introducing viral genetic material (DNA)
that cells use to make viral proteins that induce a range of immune response
types. They can potentially be developed more quickly and easily than other
vaccines, but no DNA vaccines have been approved for human use.
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio/ Cytiva
DNA plasmid, vaccine + adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II began end of June 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04463472, NCT04527081
Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited
DNA plasmid (ZyCoV-D)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II study, Phase I began July 2020 and Phase II began August 2020,
initial results expected September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
CTRI/2020/07/026352
Genexine Consortium (GenNBio, International Vaccine Institute, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH)/ Binex/ PT Kalbe Pharma
DNA vaccine (GX-19)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I of the I/II study began end of June 2020, preliminary data expected
October 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04445389
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology/VGXI Inc./ Richter-Helm
BioLogics/Ology Bioservices/ International Vaccine Institute/ Seoul National
University Hospital
DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation; INO-4800

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI) / Gates Foundation / US Department of
Defense
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as multiple vaccine candidates
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase II/III trial expected to begin summer 2020; Phase I/IIa trial began July
2020; Animal study results released July 2020; Joined US Operation Warp Speed in
June 2020; Phase I began April 2020, interim data of ongoing study released June
2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04336410, NCT04447781
BioNet Asia
DNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II trials expected to begin in the second half of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Chula Vaccine Research Center/ National Research Council of Thailand/
BioNet-Asia
DNA with electroporation

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to begin October 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Takis/ Applied DNA Sciences/ Evvivax
DNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal results released in May 2020; Phase I to start in fall 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Statens Serum Institute, Denmark
DNA plasmid, CoVAXIX

Funder
Funder
n/a
Statens Serum Institute, Denmark
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I is expected to start in late 2020 or early 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Ege University
DNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Scancell/ University of Nottingham/ Nottingham Trent University
DNA plasmid vaccine RBD&N

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for cancer
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start in Q1 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Mediphage Bioceuticals/ University of Waterloo
msDNA vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Entos Pharmaceuticals/ Cytiva
DNA; Covigenix

Funder
Funder
n/a
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)/ Research Nova Scotia (RNS)/
Institute for Ageing (IA)
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II to start in late July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Research Centre, Egypt
DNA plasmid vaccine S, S1, S2, RBD & N

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Symvivo
bacTRL-Spike

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Immunomic Therapeutics / EpiVax / PharmaJet
DNA plasmid, needle-free delivery

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for SARS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

OPENCORONA - Cobra Biologics / Karolinska Institute
DNA with electroporation

Funder
Funder
n/a
European Commission (Horizon 2020 Program)
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start in 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
RNA-based
Similar to DNA vaccines, these experimental vaccines provide immunity through
introduction of genetic material (RNA). RNA vaccines can also be potentially
developed more quickly and easily than other vaccines. No RNA vaccines have been
approved for human use.
Moderna/ NIAID/ Lonza/ Catalent/ Rovi/ Medidata/ BIOQUAL
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)/ Biomedical Advanced Research and
Development Authority (BARDA)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for multiple candidates
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I interim data from older adult cohorts released Aug 2020; Phase III COVE
study began July 2020; Animal study results published July/Aug 2020; Phase I
interim results published July 2020; FDA granted fast track designation in May
2020; Selected for US Operation Warp Speed in April 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04283461, NCT04405076, NCT04470427
BioNTech/ Fosun Pharma/ Pfizer
3 LNP-mRNAs; BNT162

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase IIb/III trial began end of July 2020; FDA granted Fast Track designation
for two BNT162 candidates (BNT162b1 and BNT162b2) in July 2020; Selected for US
Operation Warp Speed in July 2020; Phase I/II began April 2020; preliminary data
released July 2020, additional data published August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ChiCTR2000034825, EudraCT 2020-001038-36, NCT04368728, NCT04380701, NCT04523571
Arcturus/Duke-NUS/ Catalent
LUNAR-COV19; RNA; mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for multiple candidates
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II began August 2020; Received approval to launch clinical trials in
Singapore end of July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04480957
Imperial College London/ VacEquity Global Health
RNA; LNP-nCoVsaRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
UK Government
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for EBOV, LASV, MARV, Inf (H7N9), RABV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II trial began June 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ISRCTN17072692
CureVac
RNA; mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI); European Commission; Gates
Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); German
Government; European Investment Bank (EIB)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for RABV, LASV, YFV, MERS, InfA, ZIKV,
DengV, NIPV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase IIa trial expected to begin August 2020; Phase I trial began June 2020,
results expected September/October 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04449276, NCT04515147
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/ Walvax Biotech
mRNA (ARCoV)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I trial began end of June 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
ChiCTR2000034112
Elixirgen Therapeutics/ Fujita Health University
srRNA (EXG-5003)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Clinical trials are expected to begin at Fujita Health University Hospital in
Aichi, Japan in Q1 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Daiichi-Sankyo/ University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science
RNA; mRNA (DS-5670)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Clinical studies expected to begin March 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
RNA; mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Gennova
Self-amplifying RNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Selcuk University
mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Chula Vaccine Research Center/University of Pennsylvania
LNP-mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Ziphius Therapeutics/ Ghent University
RNA; ZIP-1642, vaccine consists of a combination of mRNA molecules, encoding
multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Chimeron Bio/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and
Infectious Disease
Self amplifying RNA, self-assembling delivery system

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

RNAimmune, Inc.
RNA; several mRNA candidates

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
mRNA in targeted LPNs (Langerhans cell specific)

Funder
Funder
n/a
KHAN-1 Technology Transfer Fund I GmbH & Co KG
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

GeneOne Life Science / Houston Methodist
RNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Greenlight Biosciences
mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding RBD

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain
mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

China CDC / Tongji University / Stermina
RNA; mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain
RNA; Replicating defective SARS-CoV-2 derived RNAs

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

CanSino Biologics/Precision Nanosystems
RNA; mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Sanofi Pasteur / Translate Bio
LNP-mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start Q4 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

eTheRNA Immunotherapies / EpiVax/ Nexelis/ REPROCELL / Centre for the Evaluation
of Vaccination of the University of Antwerp
RNA; mRNA in an intranasal delivery system (cross-strain protective COV-2 mRNA)
vaccine for high-risk populations

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Start Phase I early 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

BIOCAD
RNA; liposome-encapsulated mRNA

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for cancer
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal studies begin in April 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Replicating viral vector
This involves putting a gene for a viral protein into a different virus (one
that will not cause illness but can replicate). Replication of the viral vector
also produces copies of the viral protein, which triggers an immune response to
that protein. Examples include ebola and dengue vaccines.
Institut Pasteur/ Themis/ University of Pittsburgh CVR/ Merck Sharp & Dohme
Replicating viral vector; measles vector (V591)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for West nile, CHIKV, Ebola, Lassa, Zika,
MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to begin August 2020; Animal testing began April 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04497298
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Replicating viral vector; VSV vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Replicating viral vector, recombinant vaccine based on Influenza A virus, for
the prevention of COVID-19 (intranasal)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology
and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Replicating viral vector; measles vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

IAVI/ Merck
Replicating viral vector, replication-competent VSV chimeric virus technology
(VSVdeltaG) delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Ebola, Marburg, Lassa (including
FDA-licensed Ebola vaccine, ERVEBO®)
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Selected for US Operation Warp Speed in April 2020; clinical studies to start in
2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Aurobindo
VSV-S

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited
Replicating viral vector; measles vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

DZIF - German Center for Infection Research/ CanVirex AG
Measles virus (S, N targets)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Zika, H7N9, CHIKV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Israel Institute for Biological Research/ Weizmann Institute of Science
VSV-S

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

The University of Hong Kong
Replicating viral vector, influenza vector expressing RBD

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

The Lancaster University, UK
Avian paramyxovirus vector (APMV)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Western Ontario
Replicating viral vector; VSV-S

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HIV, MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Tonix Pharma / Southern Research
Replicating viral vector; horsepox vector expressing S protein; TNX-1800

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for smallpox, monkeypox
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

KU Leuven
Replicating viral vector; YF17D Vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Intravacc/ Wageningen Bioveterinary Research/Utrecht Univ.
Newcastle disease virus vector (NDV-SARS-CoV-2/Spike)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz and Instituto Buntantan
Attenuated Influenza expressing an antigenic portion of the Spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

BIOCAD / IEM
Replicating viral vector, live viral vectored vaccine based on attenuated
influenza virus backbone (intranasal)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Wisconsin-Madison / FluGen/ Bharat Biotech
M2-deficient single replication (M2SR) influenza vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Start Phase I trial in fall 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Non-replicating viral vector
This approach is similar to replicating viral vector vaccines in that a viral
gene is added to a different, non-replicating, virus and delivered to the
vaccine recipient. No approved product of this kind has resulted to date.
University of Oxford, Oxford Biomedica, Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation
Centre, Pall Life Sciences, Cobra Biologics, HalixBV, Advent s.r.l., Merck KGaA,
the Serum Institute, Vaccitech, Catalent, and AstraZeneca/IQVIA
Non-replicating viral vector; AZD 1222 (formerly ChAdOx1)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)/ UK Government/
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/ Gavi, the
Vaccine Alliance
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for influenza, TB, Chikungunya, Zika, MenB,
plague
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial began June 2020 and expanded into US in Aug 2020; Phase II/III
trials are currently underway in the UK, Brazil and South Africa; Interim
results from ongoing Phase I/II trial released in July 2020; Selected for US
Operation Warp Speed in May 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
EudraCT 2020-001072-15, EudraCT 2020-001228-32, ISRCTN89951424, NCT04324606,
NCT04400838, NCT04444674, NCT04516746, PACTR202005681895696,
PACTR202006922165132
CanSino Biologics/Beijing Institute of Biotechnology/ Canada's National Research
Council/ / Petrovax
Non-replicating viral vector; Adenovirus Type 5 vector (Ad5-nCoV)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for EBOV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III expected to begin August 2020; Phase II began April 2020, initial
results released May 2020, mid-phase results released July 2020; Received early
approval for military use in China in June 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04313127, ChiCTR2000030906, ChiCTR2000031781, NCT04398147, NCT04341389,
NCT04526990
Gamaleya Research Institute
Adeno-based, Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo (Sputnik V)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III expected to begin September 2020; Phase I/II began June 2020; Received
early approval for use in Russia in August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04437875, NCT04436471, NCT04530396
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies/ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/ Emergent
BioSolutions/ Catalent/ Biological E
Ad26.COV2-S, Non replicating viral vector; Ad26 (alone or with MVA boost)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for Ebola, HIV, RSV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase III trial expected to begin in September 2020; Phase I/IIa began end of
July 2020; Animal study results published July 2020; Selected for US Operation
Warp Speed in February 2020 and awarded funding in August 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04436276, NCT04505722
ReiThera/ Leukocare/ Univercells/ National Institute of Infectious diseases
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Non-replicating viral vector; replication defective simian adenovirus encoding
SARS-CoV-2 S (GRAd-CoV2)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I began August 2020; Phase II/III trial expected to begin by the end of
2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
EudraCT 2020-002835-31, NCT04528641
Institut Pasteur/ TheraVectys
Intranasal lentiviral vector vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal study results released July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ImmunityBio/ NantKwest
Non-replicating viral vector; [E1-, E2b-, E3-] hAd5-COVID19-Spike/Nucleocapsid

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for flu, Chik, Zika, EBOV, LASV, HIV/SIV,
cancer
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal study results released August 2020; Selected for US Operation Warp Speed
in May 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Erciyes University
Adeno5-based

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Ankara University
Adenovirus-based

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ID Pharma
Sendai virus vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

DZIF - German Center for Infection Research/ IDT Biologika GmbH
Non-replicating viral vector; MVA-S encoded

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for many pathogens
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Research Centre, Egypt
Influenza A H1N1 vector

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Valo Therapeutics Ltd
Adenovirus-based + HLA-matched peptides (Pan-Corona)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Manitoba
Non-replicating viral vector; dendritic cell-based vaccine

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of Georgia/ University of Iowa
Non-replicating viral vector; parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine
expressing the spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd
Oral Ad5 S

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)/ GPO,
Thailand
Inactivated Flu-based SARS-CoV2 vaccine + Adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain
MVA-S

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

GeoVax / BravoVax
Non-replicating viral vector; MVA encoded VLP

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for LASV, EBOV, MARV, HIV
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Greffex
Non-replicating viral vector; Ad5 S (GREVAX™ platform)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for MERS
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain
Non-replicating viral vector, MVA expressing structural proteins

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for HIV, HCV, CHIKV, EBOV, Zika, Malaria,
Leishmania
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Bharat Biotech/ Thomas Jefferson University
Recombinant deactivated rabies virus containing S1

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vaxart / Emergent BioSolutions
Non-replicating viral vector; Oral Vaccine platform

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for InfA, CHIKV, LASV, NORV, EBOV, RVF, HBV,
VEE
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I trial to begin in the second half of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center at Mass. Eye and Ear/ AveXis, a Novartis Company/
Viralgen/ Aldevron/ Catalent/ Penn Medicine
AAVCOVID, Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase 1 to begin second half of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Altimmune / University of Alabama at Birmingham
AdCOVID; single-dose, intranasal vaccine; non replicating viral vector;
adenovirus-based NasoVAX expressing spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for influenza
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I trial to begin Q3 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Virus-like particle
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines closely resemble viruses but are
non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. Since VLPs cannot
replicate, they provide a safer alternative to attenuated viruses. Examples
include the HPV vaccine.
University of Sao Paulo
VLPs peptides/whole virus

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Saiba GmbH
VLP; virus-like particle, based on RBD displayed on virus-like particle

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Navarrabiomed, Oncoimmunology group
Virus-like particles, lentivirus, and baculovirus vehicles

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ARTES Biotechnology
VLP; eVLP

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for malaria
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Imophoron Ltd / Bristol University's Max Planck Centre
VLP; ADDomerTM multiepitope display

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

VBI Vaccines / National Research Council of Canada/ Therapure Biomanufacturing
Enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP): Pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate,
targeting COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, spike protein

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for glioblastoma, cytomegalovirus, and Zika
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I/II trial expected to begin by end of 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Bezmialem Vakif University
VLP

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Medicago Inc./ GSK
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Medicago Inc./ Dynavax
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant (CpG 1018)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I to start mid-July 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Middle East Technical University
VLP

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

OSIVAX
VLP (COVID-19 and SARS1)

Funder
Funder
n/a
European Innovation Council (EIC)
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Doherty Institute
VLP; unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Mahidol University/ The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO)/ Siriraj
Hospital
VLP + Adjuvant

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

IrsiCaixa AIDS Research/ IRTA-CReSA/ Barcelona Supercomputing Centre/ Grifols
S protein integrated in HIV VLPs

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Medicago Inc.
VLP; plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjs.

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccine candidates for flu, rotavirus, norovirus, West Nile
virus, and cancer
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I started July 2020; Phase II/III is expected to start by October 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04450004
Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
Other Vaccines
From a gene-encoded antibody vaccine to a self-assembling vaccine and more,
these are the vaccines being developed that do not fall easily into one of the
other product categories or details about its category are not publicly
available.
United Biomedical (UBI)/ c19
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Clinical testing expected to begin early September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Covaxx/ University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
Multitope Peptide-Based Vaccine (MVP); UB-612

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to begin early September 2020 in Taiwan; Phase I/II trial
expected to begin in the US in fall 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Oragenics (Noachis Terra)/ Aragen Bioscience
TerraCoV2

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I expected to start in early 2021
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Adeleke University
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

University of California, Los Angeles (Horwitz Lab)
Recombinant LVS ΔcapB – vectored vaccine expressing multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a
Same platform as vaccines against select agents and emerging pathogens
Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

NidoVax
unknown; IMT504 technology

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vault Pharma/ University of California Los Angeles
nanoparticles (vaults) as second-line defense of infection

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vivaldi Biosciences/ Esco Aster Pte Ltd
Chimeric vaccine (coronavirus and influenza)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Vir Biotechnology / GSK
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Tulane University
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
LV-SMENP-DC Dendritic cells modified with lentiviral vector expressing synthetic
minigene based on domains of selected viral proteins; administered with
antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04276896
Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
Artificial antigen-presenting cells modified with lentiviral vector expressing
synthetic minigene based on domains of selected viral proteins

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a
NCT04299724
Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children's Hospital
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Emergex Vaccines/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and
Infectious Diseases (NCBID)
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Catholic University/ Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy/
Technological Consortium in Clinical Molecular Biomedicine, Chile
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Codiak BioSciences/ Ragon Institute
exoVACC exome platform

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

AbVision
AVI-205

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Unknown
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

SK Biosciences
Unknown

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Phase I begins as early as September 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

ISR Immune System Regulation
ISR-50

Funder
Funder
n/a
Unknown
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal study results expected in Q2 2020, Phase I begins Q4 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

HaloVax (Voltron Therapeutics) / The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center at the
Massachusetts General Hospital
Self-assembling vaccine (fusion protein of a heat shock protein and Avidin, with
biotinylated immunogenic peptides)

Funder
Funder
n/a
Analog Devices Foundation
Related use
Related use
n/a

Anticipated Next Steps
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Animal study results by October 2020
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
Clinical Trials for COVID-19
n/a

Developer / Researcher

Product Description
PRE
I
II
III
RR
IV
The race to produce a COVID-19 vaccine is multifaceted—involving new research on
many levels, enormous amounts of fundraising, and unprecedented international
cooperation. Check back often with our COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker.

See both the vaccine and treatment approaches being developed at our combined
COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccine Tracker.

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covid19@milkeninstitute.org‍


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