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THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SINGULARITY

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Автор:Boris Shulitski
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The ideological foundations of technological singularity
Boris Shulitski
Шрифт:Меньше АаБольше Аа

© Boris Shulitski, 2019

ISBN 978-5-4496-3328-6

Created with Ridero smart publishing system


PREFACE

Two centuries ago, Friedrich Engels emphasized: dialectical materialism must
change its form in the course of each new major discovery in natural science. It
was evident for him, that scientific philosophy is not a dogma, but if it claims
to be a worldview, it must develop and substantially enrich itself both
in respect of its form and in content together and in parallel with the
scientific progress in science. As the history of the development of the Soviet
philosophical school showed, that this was not always the case.

In the former Soviet Union space, philosophy today is experiencing a serious
crisis, primarily because of its ignoring of the new reality that has now been
formed, which is briefly described by the term “informational society”.
Concentrating on the historically established, traditional model of the world
cognition – through the binary opposition “matter-consciousness” – still not
enough attention is paid to “information” as the third element, forming
scientific ideas about objective reality and very significant for a scientific
worldview the construction.

Meanwhile, here are found such intensively developed ways of creating
information technologies that require reflection, primarily at the worldview,
philosophical level, in order to create an adequate methodological basis for
scientific research in this area, to provide an adequate understanding of human
practice and creativity. It is important for us to understand, comprehend,
explore this new perspective from the standpoint of its informational phenomena
and give informational concept on the background of the small number of works
in this area, thereby partially compensating for the lack of knowledge and ideas
that has arisen here, covering the absolute blank that is also called tabula
rasa. It is exactly this way, that the research program by B.G. Shulitsky is
being developed, moreover, very effectively.

It is important to mention, that the author, unlike other modern research groups
and teams looking for new ways, means and methods of cognition through the
exploitation of metaphysical ideas, correctly focuses on the need
of comprehensive using of dialectical methodology as the leading epistemological
line of conceptual development in the scientific search of the third millennium.
The book attempts to apply the dialectical methodology in its generalized
interpretation, with the involvement of its informational element, which greatly
expands its capabilities, providing its effective application in a number
of interdisciplinary areas. In particular, it concerns the integrated worldview
of applied internetics, where it acquires a new appearance and new functions,
further, exploratory research of information-stimulated processes
in nanotechnology, as well as in other areas. The author raised a number
of fundamental questions. The answers to them have beenyet received by neither
science nor philosophy, but these questions are of undoubted interest for
interdisciplinary complex analysis and synthesis.

.

> Doctor of Philosophy, Leading Researcher of the Institute of Philosophy of the
> National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
> 
> > E. M. Soroko


AUTHOR PREFACE’S

> …To look at the world in a new way, you need to change the interface and
> reboot the matrix of perception. The world will reboot…
> 
> > From the movie “Matrix. Reboot”


Speaking about the practical activities of man, G. W. Hegel prophetically
pointed out the special role of its material elements – the instruments
of labour. People “seek to satisfy their interests, but because of this,
something bigger is accomplished, something that is hidden in them, but that
they were not conscious about and that was not part of their intentions…”.
“People work, set limited goals, achieve them, but at the same time something
different is achieved than these goals people actually set…”. This is something
that Hegel associates with the active nature of the Absolute Idea, which dwells
beyond human passions, interests and goals, acts as if behind people’s backs,
but at the same time is hidden inside them, solving the infinite task associated
with the function of its self-knowledge. It is here that the brilliant prophetic
insight of Hegel can be found: “The instruments of labour,” as stated
in “Logic,” stand above those final goals of man, the realization of which they
serve…”.

At present we see practical confirmation of Hegel’s brilliant insight. The
analysis of the processes, phenomena and trends of the modern technocratic world
shows that what is happening really contains elements that may be something
different than the declared goals of people; these are elements that are above
the interests and goals of people, as if staying behind their backs, concealed,
but at the same time present in people’s goals. In this regard, exploratory
research is in the field of adequate understanding and awareness of the true
role and real place of a person in the world, its objective evolutionary goals
and tasks, as well as optimization of ways to achieve them, taking into account
its personal interests, is of utter importance. This should be possible as part
of a new general scientific global picture, the formation of which has long been
in demand by the scientific and technological revolution of the last few
centuries.

One of the options of search for a new general scientific picture of the world
is a hypothetical picture of the world, which is based on certain axioms and
hypotheses. The criterion of the appropriateness of this kind of conceptual
constructions is the correspondence of the conceptual conclusions of this kind
to the real processes of the surrounding world, as well as its heuristic and
prognostic capabilities, in particular, in the field of searching for
fundamentally new, innovative technologies to be practically implemented. This
criterion allows the method of successive iterations, through a series
of hypothetical worldviews, to reach, step by step, the real worldview.

This book suggests a constructive research program focused on the formation
of one of such possible hypothetical pictures of the world and an assessment
of its correspondence to the surrounding world. An axiomatic approach is used as
the basic element, that is, an experimental matching of a key (code, cipher)
to the structure of actual reality in the form of an initial set of basic
axioms. This is a well-known principle of stepwise scientific knowledge of the
new, consisting of six stages, six steps of scientific search: “axiom →
hypothesis → concept → experiment → theory → practice”. The indisputable and
final criterion to verify the hypothetical conceptual constructions is the
correspondence of the conceptual conclusions to the real processes of the
surrounding world, as well as its heuristic and predictive capabilities that
open the way to applied innovative technologies.

At the first stage, a set of basic axioms is suggested, which has shown its
practical effectiveness (efficiency) as a key, a code to the structure and
global processes of actual reality. The starting point for the new general
scientific worldview, or let us designate it as the “energoinformational world
view”, are two basic axioms:

– Dialectics is the universal inherent basic property of actual reality (the
axiom of the universality of dialectics).

– Structurality is a universal inseparable basic property of actual reality (an
axiom of structurality).

As a consequence, the basic mechanism for structuring actual reality in the
process of its regular evolution should have a dialectical specificity. The
concept of “actual reality” includes both objective and subjective reality.

The second stage of the worldview constructing is a hypothesis. In the
conceptual framework the working hypothesis is suggested about the structure
of actual reality, using the well-known method of scientific knowledge, namely,
the method of “associative analogy”. The structure of reality is associated with
the internal hierarchical structure of modern mathematical theory. The main
content of the hypothesis is that the general internal structural organization
of modern mathematical theory reflects the fundamental features of the
structural organization of actual reality (the hypothesis of associative
analogy).

To describe the model of the structure of reality within the framework of this
hypothesis, auxiliary basic concepts (structural parts) of the substances
“information” and “energy” are introduced. The substances “information” and
“energy” are used as working concepts of the hypothesis to form a hypothetical
worldview, as well as the project of research program. A certain period ago
in natural science such concepts as “subtle matter”, “thermal matter”,
“phlogiston”, and “entelecheia” were used in the same way. Today it is believed
that these concepts were legitimate and useful as a kind of anticipation of the
field worldview, the formation of which marked the beginning of a new stage
in the development of the natural sciences. In our case, the essential concepts
of the substances “information” and “energy” are also auxiliary concepts for
generating a hypothetical worldview and research program, therefore they do not
require strict justification, they should be considered as one of the possible
options for working concepts of the hypothesis project, and nothing more.

 

You can look at the other side. There are certain mosaic representations of the
special sciences of the surrounding world that implicitly bear some information
about its general structure. The task of the researcher can be defined as the
search for a code to decrypt this information, and the search option can be an
experimental matching of the code and check it for validity. One of the
well-known axiomatic variants of such a code can be considered the binary
concept “material-ideal” (“matter-consciousness”). Repeatedly, another axiomatic
variant may be a binary concept “energy-information”. As part of the
energoinformational view of the world, it is suggested to build a system
of interrelations of new concepts using selected axioms and hypotheses and on
this basis to put a mosaic of separate fragments of knowledge, related
to special sciences into a coherent hypothetical worldview. The conformity
of the constructed hypothetical worldview with the real one is supposed to be
tested based on feedback on the hypothetical construction characteristic,
allowing it to serve as an effective matrix of scientific search for new
phenomena, processes and new technologies in the field of special scientific
disciplines.

Further, at the third stage, using this axiomatic key and the hypothesis
of associative analogy, a hypothetical picture of the surrounding world is
constructed, that is, the concept of the “energoinformational” world. In the
hypothetical energoinformational world view, aperson is the basic element of one
in the variety of interconnected and interdependent structural levels in the
multilevel hierarchical organization of the surrounding world. In such
a scenario, a person cannot be a “crown of nature”, a finite, terminated element
in the hierarchical organization of the surrounding world. The main content
of the evolutionary scenario is the process of infinite added complexity of the
structural levels hierarchy, the process of self-organization of the new
structural levels and forms of the surrounding world. A person is not able
to stop the universal cosmological scenario of the world evolution directed
to the infinite added complexity of the structural levels hierarchy,
self-organization of new forms, including rationalones, of the surrounding
world.

Indeed, one of the universal principles (concepts) of the dialectical theory is
the principle of development. According to the generally accepted definition,
development is understood as “an essential attribute of matter, an endless
process of regular self-renewal, self-organization and generation
of qualitatively new forms, including rational ones, of its being and movement.”
Taking into account the universality of the dialectic method of cognition and
in the frameworks of the concept “development”, it is obvious that organic life
as a structural level of the surrounding world organization and homo sapiens as
its highest form is one of the transitional forms of organization, suggesting
the possibility of further generation of qualitatively new, more highly
organized forms of matter, which are aimed at continuing the endless process
of its regular self-renewal, self-organization, the process of qualitative, step
by step, added complexity of the thinking matter structural forms “from simple –
to complex”, “from the particular – to the general”.

As a result, anthropocentricity is another misconception of humanity, from it is
useful to withdraw, because it inhibits the correct understanding of the
evolutionary process and the real view of the surrounding world. As history has
shown in the certain period, it was useful to abandon geocentrism in favor
of heliocentricism, so now a similar situation is emerging for the opposition
“anthropocentrism – cosmocentrism”.

To assess the adequacy of the chosen conceptual approach, a selective
comparative analysis of the processes of the hypothetical worldview and the real
processes of the surrounding world was carried out. A preliminary analysis
showed an unambiguous correlation of hypothetical and real processes
of universal meaning.

In particular, in the hypothetical view of the world at the person’s structural
level, the fundamental basic trend is human production activity aimed at forming
of the next structural level in an endless hierarchy of structural levels of the
surrounding world organization, reflecting the endless process of regular
self-renewal, self-organization and generation of qualitatively new forms of its
being and movement.

Indeed, in the real worldview the main content, the “a golden thread” (according
to K. Marx) of the historical process is human labor activity, development
of the production base and production relations related to it (social
formations). And the most noticeable tangible result of the entire historical
process is the improvement of instruments of labour, the evolution
of instruments of labour from the stick in the hands of ape-man to robotic
industries and cybernetic monsters, from the first calculating devices
to supercomputers, artificial intelligence, mechanical intelligence and the
world wide web, which is developing now completely independently and
spontaneously, like a real living organism.

In the hypothetical worldview, the evolutionary process unfolds in accordance
with the dialectical mechanism, in which the trend of evolution is oriented
towards the formation of the next structural level and manifests itself through
random mutations and natural selection. Natural selection is aimed at preserving
mutations that contribute to the formation of the next, more highly organized
structural level in the hierarchical organization of the surrounding world
structural levels. Indeed, in the real worldview, the real content of the entire
world geo-economics is endless mutations of the productive relations form, as
well as those of the structural organization of society, followed by the
approval of the most productive and technologically effective ones. Productive
and technological efficiency is determined by the level of potential for the
transformation and structuring of the world, in essence – by the level
of technology development – the level of the instruments of labour, both
physical and intellectual.

The inherent and effective mechanism for securing the “correct” social
mutations, leading to an increase in the production and technological efficiency
of societies in the hypothetical worldview, is power intra- and intersocial
conflicts. The indestructibility of power social conflicts throughout all real
centuries-old history of mankind clearly confirms their significant role in the
mechanism of the surrounding world evolution. Industrialization,
informatization, cybernetization, internetization, globalization, artificial
intelligence, the forthcoming expected and frightening technological
singularity, etc… – all of the abovementioned and actually occurring processes
fit perfectly into the framework of the dialectical mechanism of the evolution
of the homo sapiens structural level, are predictable, integral and inevitable
elements in a hypothetical view of the world. There are reasons to argue about
the correspondence between the suggested hypothetical picture of the world and
the real one.

Accordingly, further, at the fourth stage, based on a hypothetical view of the
world, a working research program is formed; the directions of priority research
in the special sciences are defined in terms of searching for specifically
prognosticated new phenomena, processes and practical innovative technologies.
As a result, the content of the fourth, experimental stage is the organization
and carrying out of specific applied works in the field of special sciences
in the areas of priority research, following from the general scientific
hypothetical worldview. The results obtained in the field of special sciences
in the form of fundamentally new phenomena, processes and innovative
technologies will be indisputable evidence confirming the performance of the
original axiomatic in the hypothetical view of the world, and at the same time
serve as the definite criterion of the correspondence of the selected code
to the real structure of the surrounding world.

The ideological aspect of the suggested concept is of particular interest.
Ideological views are a fragment of the general scientific view of the world;
they are more subject to variability than the general scientific worldview on
the knowledge of the special sciences. The worldview, in contrast to the general
scientific concept of the world, is, as a rule, general knowledge of the world
in conjunction with the system of value system, with a certain subjective
assessment of the concrete events and phenomena.

In the energoinformational concept, the three basic components of the suggested
ideological representations about the role and place of a person in the
surrounding world are three scientific disciplines – dialectical philosophy,
psychoanalysis and cybernetics. These are the three components of the code, the
three components of the key to explanation of the mechanism of human evolution,
which successfully approached the solution of the puzzle about the role and
place of homo sapiens in the structure of actual reality in the framework of the
new world view. Using three initial components, one can show the universal
dialectical mechanism of evolution of the of homo sapiens structural level,
similar to the mechanism of evolution of other structurallevels of actual
reality in accordance with the principle of self-similarity of mechanisms
of evolution at all levels of the surrounding world organization.

It should be noted that at present, there are many special scientific theories
and disciplines worthy of respect and attention, however, the three mentioned
above can be considered as one of the possible variants of experimental matching
of the code for deciphering the laws of evolutionary processes at the human
structural level, nothing more. Psychoanalysis gives the key to explanation
of the energy mechanism functioning at the person’s structural level in terms
of the first law of dialectics (internal contradiction as the psychoenergetic
source of human functioning), and cybernetics allows explaining the trend, the
direction of person’s the structural level evolution in terms of the second law
of dialectics (forming of the negation). The second law of dialectics predicts
the possibility of the appearance of a new structural level of actual reality
in the near future, following the level of homo sapiens, that is, the level
of dynamic models of the New type (new generation of information technology (IT)
systems).

At the same time, the process of changes, as evidenced by the third law
of dialectics, will have a spasmodic, explosive, singular character with
serious, perhaps even catastrophic consequences for human ideological concepts.
The dialectic mechanism for the evolution of the homo sapiens structural level
suggested within the framework of the energoinformational concept has all the
reasons to become the basis for the development of new sociocultural theories
that can adapt the human psyche to future world view cataclysms. In particular,
to become a philosophical base for a number of new rapidly developing theories,
such as theories of future technological singularity, trans- posthumanism and,
the IT industry in general.

Consequently, the energoinformational concept suggested a constructive approach
to building a general scientific picture of the world, using a hypothetical view
of the world as a basis, grounded on axioms, hypotheses and constructive basic
working concepts – the information and energy substances. Stated, and it is
necessary to emphasize once again, as one of the possible options for auxiliary
model constructs, nothing more.

Further, it is supposed to assess the adequacy of the hypothetical worldview
based on the specific results of scientific research in the framework of the
work program of experimental research aimed at finding specifically
prognosticated new phenomena, processes and innovative technologies in the field
of special sciences. And here there is required an activeinvolvement
of professionals from different areas of scientific knowledge. Philosophy now
looks like an outside contemplator, a “Cinderella” at the celebration of life,
and it should become an effective matrix of scientific research, including that
in the field of natural sciences and the rapidly developing IT industry. And
this requires the unification of different, sometimes contradictory, conceptual
approaches in an attempt to build an adequate general scientific worldview.

 

The exponential acceleration of the historical process leads to the fact that
philosophical thought does not have time to comprehend the newly opening
horizons of historical events, leads to the anachronism of philosophical
thinking. The existing variety of theories of the world historical process
(religious, secular, formational, civilizational, etc.) turns out to be helpless
and childishly naive in understanding of the real processes of the surrounding
world, for example, phenomena of artificial “intelligence” in the near future or
the upcoming technological singularity.

A radical restructuring of ideological concepts and, in particular, the
abandoning of the anthropological thesis is required. As the criterion of truth
there should be recognized the real, observed in practice, processes and
phenomena of the surrounding world, and not speculative piles of abstract
philosophical thought, peculiar to the well-known concepts of the historical
process. An unbiased and correct attitude, including that to the “carbonarist”
approaches, is a necessary and indispensable condition of the effective search
for a solution to interdisciplinary ideological problems.

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