www.pionline.com
Open in
urlscan Pro
2606:4700::6812:4105
Public Scan
Submitted URL: https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001OHRVU2ttfg4WPoCWjvFDy28_6XFiwcjjvGsmH8dRN5KTJ1X447o3zli8p617IBMGWcV3p09eouxYdRT8_qd_...
Effective URL: https://www.pionline.com/regulation/secs-push-equity-market-structure-reforms-creates-industry-divide?utm_source=p-i-edit...
Submission: On May 16 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.pionline.com/regulation/secs-push-equity-market-structure-reforms-creates-industry-divide?utm_source=p-i-edit...
Submission: On May 16 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis
4 forms found in the DOMGET /search
<form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-autocomplete-page" accept-charset="UTF-8">
<div class="form--inline clearfix">
<div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-search-phrase form-item-search-phrase form-no-label">
<span class="field-prefix">
<div class="elastic-autocomplete-mobile-search-icon-wrapper"><a class="elastic-autocomplete-mobile-search-icon" href="#"><i class="fa fa-search omnitrack" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div>
<div class="elastic-autocomplete-field-wrapper">
<input class="elastic-autocomplete-input form-autocomplete form-text ui-autocomplete-input" placeholder="Search" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-phrase" data-autocomplete-path="/admin/view_content/search_autocomplete" type="text"
id="edit-search-phrase" name="search_phrase" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" data-once="autocomplete" autocomplete="off">
<span class="field-suffix"><a href="#" class="elastic-autocomplete-search-icon"></a></span>
</div>
</span>
</div>
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-field-emphasis-image" type="hidden" name="field_emphasis_image" value="">
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search-autocomplete" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search-autocomplete" value="Search"
class="button js-form-submit form-submit">
</div>
</div>
</form>
<form id="campaign-s7xloxw1uaqlsyfuy1eq" novalidate="" class="bennet">
<span class="line">
<input type="email" name="addAcct.email" id="email" class="email" placeholder="Enter your email" required="">
<input type="submit" name="submit" class="om-submit" value="Subscribe">
</span>
<span id="industry" class="off">
<span class="line">
<select name="selection.busInd" id="busInd" style="font-family:arial;font-size:16px;" required="">
<option value="">Select your industry</option>
<optgroup label="Pension Plan Sponsor">
<option value="AA">Corporation - Non-Financial</option>
<option value="FF">Educational Institution</option>
<option value="BB">Non-Profit Institution/Association</option>
<option value="CC">Union</option>
<option value="DD">US Government - National/State/Local</option>
</optgroup><!-- Pension Plan Sponsor -->
<optgroup label="Other Asset Owner">
<option value="FE">Endowment</option>
<option value="BC">Foundation</option>
<option value="EE">International Organization - World Bank, IMF, UN, Sovereign Wealth</option>
</optgroup><!-- Other Asset Owner -->
<optgroup label="Money Manager">
<option value="OB">Asset Management Firm</option>
<option value="OC">Hedge Fund</option>
<option value="OO">Independent Investment Advisor Firm</option>
<option value="OA">Mutual Fund</option>
<option value="OD">Private Equity</option>
<option value="OF">Real Estate Investment Management/REIT</option>
<option value="OE">Venture Capital</option>
</optgroup><!-- Money Manager -->
<optgroup label="Insurance">
<option value="MM">Insurance Company</option>
</optgroup><!-- Insurance -->
<optgroup label="Banking/Trading">
<option value="NC">Broker/Dealer</option>
<option value="KK">Commercial Bank or Trust</option>
<option value="ND">Exchange</option>
<option value="NB">Investment Bank</option>
<option value="PP">Real Estate Property Mgmt/Broker</option>
<option value="LL">Thrift Institution</option>
</optgroup><!-- Banking/Trading -->
<optgroup label="Financing/Mortgage">
<option value="RR">Commercial Credit/Finance Company</option>
<option value="SS">Mortgage Company</option>
</optgroup><!-- Financing/Mortgage -->
<optgroup label="Service Provider">
<option value="QC">Accounting Firm</option>
<option value="QB">Law Firm</option>
<option value="QA">Consultant</option>
<option value="QD">Record Keeper</option>
<option value="QE">Data Services/Research</option>
<option value="QF">Marketing/Advertising/Public Relations</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Other">
<option value="XX">Other</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
<input type="submit" name="submit" class="om-submit hide" value="Subscribe">
</span>
<div id="marketing-s7xloxw1uaqlsyfuy1eq">
<input type="checkbox" id="marketing-optin-s7xloxw1uaqlsyfuy1eq" name="marketing">
<label for="marketing-optin-s7xloxw1uaqlsyfuy1eq">Send me exclusive offers, invitations and promotions from P&I and carefully curated partners</label>
</div>
<div class="privacy">View our <a href="https://www.pionline.com/privacy-policy" class="privacy-link" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> and
<a href="https://www.pionline.com/terms-of-use" class="privacy-link" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a></div>
</span>
</form>
Name: PDI_form12209209 —
<form style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" name="PDI_form12209209" id="PDI_form12209209">
<div class="css-box pds-box">
<div class="css-box-outer pds-box-outer">
<div class="css-box-inner pds-box-inner">
<div class="css-box-top pds-box-top">
<div class="css-question pds-question">
<div class="css-question-outer pds-question-outer">
<div class="css-question-inner pds-question-inner">
<div class="css-question-top pds-question-top">
<div>What asset class is best for corporate plans' growth investments when using LDI?</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="css-answer pds-answer"><span id="pds-answer12209209" role="group" aria-label="What asset class is best for corporate plans' growth investments when using LDI?">
<div class="css-answer-group pds-answer-group">
<div class="css-answer-row pds-answer-row"><span class="css-answer-input pds-answer-input"><input class="css-radiobutton pds-radiobutton" type="radio" id="PDI_answer55371971" value="55371971" name="PDI_answer12209209"></span><label
for="PDI_answer55371971" class="css-input-label pds-input-label"><span class="css-answer-span pds-answer-span">Private equity</span></label><span class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="css-answer-group pds-answer-group">
<div class="css-answer-row pds-answer-row"><span class="css-answer-input pds-answer-input"><input class="css-radiobutton pds-radiobutton" type="radio" id="PDI_answer55371972" value="55371972" name="PDI_answer12209209"></span><label
for="PDI_answer55371972" class="css-input-label pds-input-label"><span class="css-answer-span pds-answer-span">Real estate</span></label><span class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="css-answer-group pds-answer-group">
<div class="css-answer-row pds-answer-row"><span class="css-answer-input pds-answer-input"><input class="css-radiobutton pds-radiobutton" type="radio" id="PDI_answer55371973" value="55371973" name="PDI_answer12209209"></span><label
for="PDI_answer55371973" class="css-input-label pds-input-label"><span class="css-answer-span pds-answer-span">Public equity</span></label><span class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="css-answer-group pds-answer-group">
<div class="css-answer-row pds-answer-row"><span class="css-answer-input pds-answer-input"><input class="css-radiobutton pds-radiobutton" type="radio" id="PDI_answer55372014" value="55372014" name="PDI_answer12209209"></span><label
for="PDI_answer55372014" class="css-input-label pds-input-label"><span class="css-answer-span pds-answer-span">Infrastructure</span></label><span class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></div>
</div>
</span></div>
<div class="css-vote pds-vote">
<div class="css-votebutton-outer pds-votebutton-outer"><button id="pd-vote-button12209209" type="submit" class="css-vote-button pds-vote-button" value="Vote">Vote</button><span
class="css-links pds-links"><a href="javascript:PD_vote12209209(1);" class="css-view-results pds-view-results">View Results</a><br><a href="https://crowdsignal.com/pricing/?ad=poll-front" target="_blank" class="css-pd-link pds-pd-link">Crowdsignal.com</a><span
class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></span><span class="css-clear pds-clear"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
POST /regulation/secs-push-equity-market-structure-reforms-creates-industry-divide?CSAuthResp=1683118938273%3A0%3A307967%3A391%3A24%3Asuccess%3A175064D71BD4EA721E5D27562B6DB050
<form class="newsletter-signup-form" data-drupal-selector="newsletter-signup-form"
action="/regulation/secs-push-equity-market-structure-reforms-creates-industry-divide?CSAuthResp=1683118938273%3A0%3A307967%3A391%3A24%3Asuccess%3A175064D71BD4EA721E5D27562B6DB050" method="post" id="newsletter-signup-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
<div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-newsletter-email form-item-newsletter-email form-no-label">
<input class="form-email form-text" placeholder="Enter Business Email" data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter-email" type="text" id="edit-newsletter-email" name="newsletter_email" value="" size="60" maxlength="128">
</div>
<input class="omnitrack button js-form-submit form-submit" data-omnilink="footer" data-omnilocation="newsletter-component" data-omnievent="event10" data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter-button" type="submit" id="edit-newsletter-button" name="op"
value="Sign up ">
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter-parameters" type="hidden" name="newsletter_parameters" value="Sign up https://home.pionline.com/clickshare/changeServicesAdd.do CSActivate=true footer">
<input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-wm-4fngghejrr1uowsk5q24kwe8q-p5znxenjkozc88" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-WM-4FNGGhEjrr1uowsK5q24KWe8q-p5ZNXEnjkOzc88">
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter-signup-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="newsletter_signup_form">
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-field-emphasis-image" type="hidden" name="field_emphasis_image" value="">
</form>
Text Content
Menu Menu * Topics * Rankings & Awards * ETFs * ESG * Defined Contribution * Searches & Hires * Research Center * Careers * Events Topics * Alternatives * Consultants * Courts * Defined Contribution * ESG * ETFs * Face to Face * Hedge Funds * Industry Voices * Investing * Money Management * Partner Content * Pension Funds * Private Equity * Real Estate * Regulation * SECURE 2.0 * Special Reports * Washington * White Papers Rankings & Awards * 1,000 Largest Retirement Plans * Top-Performing Managers * Largest Money Managers * DC Money Managers * DC Record Keepers * Largest Hedge Fund Managers * World's Largest Retirement Funds * Best Places to Work in Money Management * Excellence & Innovation Awards * WPS Innovation Awards * Eddy Awards ETFs * Latest ETF News * Fund Screener * Education Center * Equities * Fixed Income * Commodities * Actively Managed * Alternatives * ESG Rated ESG * Latest ESG News * The Institutional Investor’s Guide to ESG Investing * ESG Sustainability - Gaining Momentum * ESG Investing | Industry Brief * Innovation in ESG Investing * 2023 ESG Investing Conference * ESG Rated ETFs Defined Contribution * Latest DC News * The Plan Sponsor's Guide to Retirement Income * DC Money Manager Rankings * DC Record Keeper Rankings * Innovations in DC * Trends in DC: Focus on Retirement Income * 2023 Defined Contribution East Conference Searches & Hires * Latest Searches & Hires News * Searches & Hires Database * RFPs Research Center * The P&I Research Center * Earnings Tracker * Endowment Returns Tracker * Corporate Pension Contribution Tracker * Pension Fund Returns Tracker * Pension Risk Transfer Database Events * View All Conferences * View All Webinars * 2023 Canadian Pension Risk Strategies * 2023 Retirement Income Skip to main content Get the latest issue of Pensions & Investments View this week’s issue Close MENU Subscribe * Sign Up Free * LOGIN * Subscribe * Topics * Alternatives * Consultants * Courts * Defined Contribution * ESG * ETFs * Face to Face * Hedge Funds * Industry Voices * Investing * Money Management * Partner Content * Pension Funds * Private Equity * Real Estate * Regulation * SECURE 2.0 * Special Reports * Washington * White Papers * Rankings & Awards * 1,000 Largest Retirement Plans * Top-Performing Managers * Largest Money Managers * DC Money Managers * DC Record Keepers * Largest Hedge Fund Managers * World's Largest Retirement Funds * Best Places to Work in Money Management * Excellence & Innovation Awards * WPS Innovation Awards * Eddy Awards * ETFs * Latest ETF News * Fund Screener * Education Center * Equities * Fixed Income * Commodities * Actively Managed * Alternatives * ESG Rated * ESG * Latest ESG News * The Institutional Investor’s Guide to ESG Investing * ESG Sustainability - Gaining Momentum * ESG Investing | Industry Brief * Innovation in ESG Investing * 2023 ESG Investing Conference * ESG Rated ETFs * Defined Contribution * Latest DC News * The Plan Sponsor's Guide to Retirement Income * DC Money Manager Rankings * DC Record Keeper Rankings * Innovations in DC * Trends in DC: Focus on Retirement Income * 2023 Defined Contribution East Conference * Searches & Hires * Latest Searches & Hires News * Searches & Hires Database * RFPs * Research Center * The P&I Research Center * Earnings Tracker * Endowment Returns Tracker * Corporate Pension Contribution Tracker * Pension Fund Returns Tracker * Pension Risk Transfer Database * Careers * Events * View All Conferences * View All Webinars * 2023 Canadian Pension Risk Strategies * 2023 Retirement Income Breadcrumb 1. Home 2. Regulation April 17, 2023 06:00 AM DIVIDE ERUPTS OVER SEC PUSH FOR REFORMS SOME OF PROPOSED CHANGES TO U.S. EQUITY MARKETS FAVORED BY INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS Brian Croce * Tweet * Share * Share * Email * * * More Reprints Print Ronan Ryan said some of the market structures haven’t been updated in 20 years. View Key Data: * BlackRock Inc. * California Public Employees' Retirement System * California State Teachers' Retirement System * State Street Global Advisors * T. Rowe Price Group * Texas Teacher Retirement System The Securities and Exchange Commission is mulling changes designed to update and reshape segments of the U.S. equity markets, with potential implications for institutional investors that have drawn praise and criticism. In December, the SEC issued four rule proposals, each with varying levels of complexity and controversy. The four proposals total more than 1,600 pages and had simultaneous public comment periods that closed March 31, drawing hundreds of responses. "These are such important changes in market structure that have not been proposed or changed in almost 20 years," said Ronan Ryan, New York-based president and co-founder of IEX Group Inc., which operates the IEX Exchange. The SEC in 2005 established Regulation National Market System, or Reg NMS, to modernize the U.S. equity system, and Mr. Ryan said the regulation needs an update. "It would be an absolute, unequivocal shame if nothing were to change," he added. Others are supportive of changes to Reg NMS but have myriad concerns with the SEC's proposals. "As a baseline matter, the SEC failed to identify a market failure that would justify the dramatic structural changes proposed, yet the proposals, individually and together, would result in fundamental changes with uncertain and consequential results," Kenneth E. Bentsen Jr., president and CEO of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, Washington, said in a statement. The proposals in question would: PLAN SPONSOR DIGEST NEWSLETTER (WEEKLY) Get the latest coverage of corporate and public defined benefit plans, as well as new developments at foundations, endowments and sovereign wealth funds. Sent every Wednesday. Select your industry Corporation - Non-Financial Educational Institution Non-Profit Institution/Association Union US Government - National/State/Local Endowment Foundation International Organization - World Bank, IMF, UN, Sovereign Wealth Asset Management Firm Hedge Fund Independent Investment Advisor Firm Mutual Fund Private Equity Real Estate Investment Management/REIT Venture Capital Insurance Company Broker/Dealer Commercial Bank or Trust Exchange Investment Bank Real Estate Property Mgmt/Broker Thrift Institution Commercial Credit/Finance Company Mortgage Company Accounting Firm Law Firm Consultant Record Keeper Data Services/Research Marketing/Advertising/Public Relations Other Send me exclusive offers, invitations and promotions from P&I and carefully curated partners View our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions * Lower trading increments and access fees on exchanges, including amending minimum pricing increments, also known as tick sizes, to establish a variable minimum pricing increment model that would apply to both the quoting and trading of NMS stocks. * Broaden the entities subject to a disclosure rule, which requires a market center that trades stocks to make public monthly electronic execution reports that include uniform statistical measures of execution quality. The entities that would have to file the reports include broker-dealers who introduce or carry 100,000 or more customer accounts; single-dealer platforms; and entities that would operate proposed qualified auctions. * Require certain retail equity orders be exposed to open auctions before such orders could be executed internally by any trading center that restricts order-by-order competition. * Establish a best execution standard for brokers, dealers, government securities brokers, government securities dealers and municipal securities dealers to use "reasonable diligence to ascertain the best market for the security and buy or sell in such market so that the resultant price to the customer is as favorable as possible under prevailing market conditions," according to an SEC fact sheet. RELATED ARTICLE SEC looks to propose, finalize dozens of rules in 2023 Pension funds back change Broadly, the proposal concerning trading increments and access fees on exchanges, and another expanding the entities required to issue reports on execution quality have support in the industry. Leaders from six major pension funds jointly submitted a comment letter backing the SEC's proposal to reduce the access fee cap for all NMS securities to $0.001 per share from the current level of $0.003. Exchanges charge access fees for execution of an order that are then frequently used to fund rebates to broker-dealers that provide liquidity on the exchange. The pension funds — the $442.9 billion California Public Employees' Retirement System, Sacramento; C$536 billion ($395.7 billion) Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, Toronto; $306 billion California State Teachers' Retirement System, West Sacramento; C$247.2 billion ($183.5 billion) Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board, Toronto; $179.3 billion Texas Teacher Retirement System, Austin; and the C$158 billion ($116.6 billion) Alberta Investment Management Corp., Edmonton — said in their comment letter that the existing cap, adopted in 2005, does not reflect the enormous efficiency gains from technology advances since that time. The existing system "clearly disadvantages institutional investors" because institutions "on average tend to seek to access rather than provide liquidity on exchanges, so the burden of high fees falls on them disproportionately," the pension funds said. RELATED ARTICLE Republican senators seek answers on SEC equities market proposals Industry pushes back But when it comes to the SEC's proposals on best execution and order competition, the industry pushback has been more pronounced. The order competition proposal, where retail trades would be sent to an open auction before they can be executed internally, is designed to bring greater competition to the marketplace, SEC Chairman Gary Gensler said in December. Currently, brokers route a far majority of stock orders to a small group of off-exchange dealers, known as wholesalers. Those wholesalers typically execute the orders internally, without any opportunity for other market participants to compete to provide better prices, the SEC said. "These everyday individual investors don't have the full benefit of various market participants competing to execute their marketable orders at the best price possible," Mr. Gensler said at the SEC's December meeting. "For example, individual investors don't necessarily get the best prices that they could get if institutional investors, like pension funds, could systematically and directly compete for their orders." However, the Council of Institutional Investors in a comment letter said their members are unlikely to expend much effort to participate in a new auction system if the rule were to go into effect. "In particular, for many institutional investors, the risk of potentially revealing their identities and trade interest to even a single dealer by participating in the proposed new auction mechanisms could materially outweigh any potential benefits of receiving the executions," CII said. "Therefore, we encourage the commission to consider various ways to incentivize the interaction of retail and institutional investors." Some commenters, including SIFMA, State Street Global Advisors, T. Rowe Price Group Inc. and Cboe Global Markets suggested that the SEC withdraw the proposal entirely. On the best execution proposal, some commenters said there are already significant regulations in place, including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's best execution rule for broker-dealers. CII in its comment letter said it supports a best execution rule out of the SEC but has concerns with a provision in the proposal that would exempt a broker or dealer when an "institutional customer, exercising independent judgment, executes its order against the broker or dealer's quotation," CII's comment letter said. CII is worried that the proposed exemption "may result in some institutional investors, particularly smaller institutional investors with less market power, not obtaining the best execution they desire." It suggested the SEC reconsider the exemption and if it's deemed necessary, to narrow its scope or make it conditional. BlackRock Inc. in its comment letter called on the SEC to eliminate the exemption for institutional customers. "We believe that this clause is antithetical to the need for best execution in less transparent markets," BlackRock said. "In fixed income markets, where orders are typically traded principally against a broker-dealer's risk or inventory, transacting on a quotation is the dominant style of execution." RELATED ARTICLE SEC approves rules on trading, best execution Challenge anticipated? Ignacio A. Sandoval, a Washington-based partner at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP and former special counsel in the office of chief counsel in the SEC's trading and markets division, said the four proposals are intended to work in concert, but don't always align. "We might be looking at these proposals holistically; unfortunately the SEC didn't," he said. Mr. Sandoval said there are gaps in the way one rule could be implemented vs. how another rule may operate. For example, there's the best execution proposal, "which the SEC is almost characterizing as best price, but you also have this requirement that retail orders go to an auction even though an auction may actually not represent best execution for a particular order," Mr. Sandoval said. In a comment letter of its own, the Department of Justice's antitrust division made a similar point and urged the SEC to further consider how the rules could interact with one another, specifically the best execution and order competition proposals. Should both proposals be adopted, "broker's best execution policies and procedures will have to take into account auctions conducted pursuant to the order competition rule and consider the competitive dynamics of those auctions compared to other ways to execute clients' orders," the DOJ said in its letter. The proposals were likely separated because the SEC is expecting a legal challenge, Mr. Sandoval said. "If the order competition rule gets struck down you still have three other stand-alone rules that haven't and can still go forward," he said. "That may have played into the strategy. Some are going to be more susceptible to challenges than others so instead of invalidating the entire package you only invalidate part of it." RELATED ARTICLE Commentary: SEC's proposed regulation best execution isn't the best for institutional investors Recommended for You SEC's Gensler discusses equity-market proposals, cryptocurrency, Reg BI Business groups challenge SEC stock buyback disclosure rule Labor Department proposes QPAM exemption following UBS, Credit Suisse merger Sponsored Content: Retirement Income | Industry Brief READER POLL May 1, 2023 What asset class is best for corporate plans' growth investments when using LDI? Private equity Real estate Public equity Infrastructure VoteView Results Crowdsignal.com What asset class is best for corporate plans' growth investments when using LDI? SEE MORE POLLS > Sponsored White Papers A Strategic Allocator's Guide to Productivity and Profits Biodiversity: why investors should care Quantifying sustainability – the numbers, the data, and the people Valuing Banks: Hidden Losses Versus Assets Research for Institutional Money Management Targeting Impact with Indexes View More Sponsored Content Partner Content The Industrialization of ESG Investment For institutional investors, ETFs can make meeting liquidity needs easier Gold: the most effective commodity investment 2021 Investment Outlook | Investing Beyond the Pandemic: A Reset for Portfolios Ten ways retirement plan professionals add value to plan sponsors Gold: an efficient hedge View More E-MAIL NEWSLETTERS Sign up and get the best of News delivered straight to your email inbox, free of charge. Choose your news – we will deliver. Subscribe Today Get access to the news, research and analysis of events affecting the retirement and institutional money management businesses from a worldwide network of reporters and editors. Subscribe Connect With Us * RSS * Twitter * Facebook * LinkedIn Our Mission To consistently deliver news, research and analysis to the executives who manage the flow of funds in the institutional investment market. About Us Main Office 685 Third Avenue Tenth Floor New York, NY 10017-4036 Chicago Office 130 E. Randolph St. Suite 3200 Chicago, IL 60601 Contact Us Careers at Crain About Pensions & Investments Advertising * Media Kit * P&I Content Solutions * P&I Careers | Post a Job * Reprints & Permissions Resources * Subscribe * Newsletters * FAQ * P&I Research Center * Site map * Staff Directory Legal * Privacy Policy * Terms and Conditions * Privacy Request Copyright © 1996-2023. Crain Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Our site uses cookies and related technologies, as described in our Datenschutzerklärung, for purposes that may include site operation, analytics, enhanced user experience, or advertising. You may choose to consent to our use of these technologies or manage your own preferences. Akzeptieren Ablehnen Einstellungen verwalten Close Close Close Close Close Close Close