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Home/News/Study unable to firmly connect legal pot and truck safety
NewsRegulationTop StoriesTrucking


STUDY UNABLE TO FIRMLY CONNECT LEGAL POT AND TRUCK SAFETY


RELATIONSHIP ‘TOO SOON TO CALCULATE’ BECAUSE MORE RESEARCH NEEDED, ACCORDING TO
ATRI

John Gallagher
· Monday, June 05, 2023
Most drivers didn't see highway safety harmed by legalized marijuana, according
to study. (Photo: Jim Allen/FreightWaves)
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Limited research on the effect of legalizing marijuana throughout the U.S. on
truck driver safety is too limited to make a hard connection between the two,
according to a new study.

Impacts of Marijuana Legalization on the Trucking Industry, released on Monday
by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI), points out that
research available so far has found that driving under the influence of
marijuana causes impairment, which does negatively affect highway safety.

In addition, initial data suggests that legalizing marijuana has negatively
impacted highway safety, particularly in the case of increases in nonfatal
crashes.

However, “it is too soon to calculate the relationship between legal marijuana
and highway safety outcomes,” ATRI emphasized.

“The impacts of impairment on individual drivers and overall highway safety have
yet to be adequately documented through research. Testing impaired individuals
through a quantitative measurement — which has been key to combating drunk
driving — remains elusive in the case of marijuana. More research is needed.”

ATRI, a nonprofit overseen by large trucking companies and the American Trucking
Associations, uses much of the report to outline marijuana legalization trends,
past research on marijuana use and driver impairment, and the current state of
federal enforcement measures aimed at detecting marijuana abusers in trucking.







Source: ATRI

The group also received responses from more than 200 carriers – most of which
employed 25 or fewer drivers – on an array of marijuana-use related questions in
a survey conducted in early 2023.

“Given their extensive driving experiences, truck drivers were asked if they
thought highway safety, in general, had been negatively impacted by legalized
recreational marijuana,” the report stated. “The majority (55.4%) indicated that
they believed highway safety had not been impacted.”

ATRI also sought updated sentiment on carriers’ truck driver hiring practices as
they related to marijuana use. The majority (56.3%) responded they were willing
to hire a driver with a prior positive drug test. However, ATRI noted, 43.7%
responded that they would not, “thus exacerbating the number one industry issue
among trucking company executives, the driver shortage.”

Most respondents (62%) were in favor of changing federal drug testing policy. Of
those, nearly half (47%) believed that a sobriety or impairment test was needed
(as opposed to a more general drug-use test) to help distinguish between drivers
that used marijuana during their personal time versus drivers who use marijuana
while on duty.

Other respondents (27.6%) felt marijuana should not be treated as a Schedule I
drug, which would lift current restrictions on drivers against using it
recreationally or under medical supervision.

Another group (14.9%) responded that stricter drug laws are needed or additional
testing options such as hair testing should be recognized, according to the
survey.



ATRI noted that if the federal government chooses to keep marijuana a prohibited
Schedule 1 drug, carriers will continue to place thousands of drivers in
prohibited status every year, with the trucking industry losing them to jobs
that do not do marijuana testing. “Ultimately this puts pressure on the
availability of CDL drivers,” ATRI stated.

“It is possible, however, that federal marijuana rules will evolve toward
legalization and ultimately marijuana will be removed from the federal Schedule
I designation. Any shift toward federal legalization would likely ease pressure
on the industry’s driver shortage.”

But to ensure that the trucking industry remains safe if such a change were to
occur, ATRI supports the development of a national impairment test standard
along with protections for carriers that choose to screen for marijuana.

“Carriers ultimately are responsible for the safe behavior of their drivers and
must maintain a zero-tolerance position for on-the-job marijuana impairment,
regardless of federal marijuana designations,” the group stated.

RELATED ARTICLES:

 * Hair drug-testing guidelines sent to White House
 * DOT issues final rule on oral fluid drug testing
 * Truckers using cocaine more than marijuana, study finds
 * Truckers’ positive drug tests up 18% in 2022

Click for more FreightWaves articles by John Gallagher.





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American Transportation Research Institutemarijuana legalizationRandom drug
testingtruck driver drug use


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JOHN GALLAGHER

Based in Washington, D.C., John specializes in regulation and legislation
affecting all sectors of freight transportation. He has covered rail, trucking
and maritime issues since 1993 for a variety of publications based in the U.S.
and the U.K. John began business reporting in 1993 at Broadcasting & Cable
Magazine. He graduated from Florida State University majoring in English and
business.
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