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Anwar Ibrahim
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ANWAR IBRAHIM

Malaysian politician
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Also known as: Anwar bin Ibrahim
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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2024 • Article History
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
Also called: Anwar bin Ibrahim (Show more)
Born: August 10, 1947, Cherok Tok Kun, Penang, Malayan Union [now Malaysia] (age
77) (Show more)
Political Affiliation: United Malays National Organization (Show more)
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NEWS •

Anwar celebrates Malaysia’s 'Magnificent Seven' • Oct. 22, 2024, 2:35 AM ET (The
Star) ...(Show more)
PM takes a look at final touches for Budget 2025 • Oct. 21, 2024, 10:25 AM ET
(The Star)
‘No end to the betrayal’: Malaysians see Najib in Anwar’s house arrest proposal
• Oct. 20, 2024, 6:49 PM ET (South China Morning Post)
Most will still receive fuel subsidies • Oct. 19, 2024, 1:48 PM ET (The Star)
Budget 2025: No more subsidies for T15 community in residential schools, public
varsities • Oct. 18, 2024, 9:52 AM ET (The Star)
Show less

Anwar Ibrahim (born August 10, 1947, Cherok Tok Kun, Penang, Malayan Union [now
Malaysia]) is a Malaysian politician, reformer, and moderate Islamist who is the
country’s prime minister (2022– ). He held many government posts in the late
20th century before being jailed for corruption. After his release from prison,
Anwar played a key role in the redistribution of power within Malaysia’s
legislature. However, his political career was again interrupted when he was
convicted of sodomy and imprisoned until 2018.



The son of politicians, Anwar embarked on his political career in the late 1960s
at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, where he became known as an
Islamist student leader. In 1971 he founded the Muslim Youth Movement of
Malaysia, serving as its president until 1982. Despite his criticism of the
ruling National Front (Barisan Nasional; BN) coalition and its most powerful
component, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Anwar in 1982
accepted an invitation from then prime minister Mahathir bin Mohamad to join
UMNO and his government. Anwar advanced swiftly, serving as minister of culture,
youth, and sports (1983), agriculture (1984), and education (1986–91) before
being appointed minister of finance (1991–98) and deputy prime minister
(1993–98). At the helm of Malaysia’s remarkable economic prosperity during the
1990s, Anwar gained the respect of colleagues worldwide. During the Asian
financial crisis of 1997, however, he clashed with Mahathir over the
implementation of economic recovery measures. Anwar was dismissed in 1998, and
in 1999 he was jailed on charges of corruption, to which a charge of sodomy—a
criminal offense under Malaysian law—later was added.



Mahathir was succeeded as prime minister by Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2003, and
in 2004 Malaysia’s High Court overturned Anwar’s sodomy conviction, citing a
lack of evidence. Anwar subsequently held lecturing positions at the University
of Oxford; Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, Maryland; and Georgetown
University, in Washington, D.C.



In 2007, with Abdullah’s government stagnating amid scandal and social and
economic turmoil, the country’s historically disparate opposition rallied around
the reformist Anwar. Early in 2008 Anwar assumed de facto leadership of a
three-party opposition coalition, the People’s Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat; PR),
made up of the People’s Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat; PKR), the
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam SeMalaysia; Pas), and the Democratic
Action Party (DAP). Prior to general elections for the lower house of Malaysia’s
parliament in March 2008, Anwar, though banned from seeking political office
himself until April, campaigned actively on behalf of the PR. The coalition’s
message of ethnic equality, religious tolerance, and open markets—reformist
ideals long espoused by Anwar—garnered enough support to break the ruling BN’s
two-thirds majority in the parliament, which previously had been broken only
once since Malaysia gained independence in 1957.



In August 2008, as the main opposition leader, Anwar won a by-election to a seat
in the lower house, a major step in the rehabilitation of his political career.
Immediately following a landslide victory in his home district of Permatang
Pauh, Penang, he launched a strenuous campaign to bring down the government of
Abdullah, whose party, UMNO, had expelled Anwar in 1998. In mid-September Anwar
called on Abdullah to convene an emergency session of the parliament, asserting
that he had enough support to carry a no-confidence vote against the government.
The prime minister refused and threatened action against Anwar, whom he declared
a threat to the country’s security. Ultimately, Abdullah announced in October
that he would resign in March of the following year. In April 2009 Najib Razak,
also of UMNO, succeeded Abdullah, with Anwar as his chief political rival.

Another obstacle hindered Anwar’s upward political trajectory, however, when,
shortly before the 2008 elections, new charges of sodomy were brought against
him. He was eventually acquitted of those charges early in 2012 after a two-year
trial. Anwar and the PR hoped to improve on the opposition’s 2008 electoral
showing in the upcoming 2013 parliamentary polls. Although the PR netted a few
more seats in voting held in early May, the BN maintained its simple majority in
the lower chamber. Shortly before the 2014 elections in Selangor state, where
Anwar was expected to become chief minister, an appeals court overturned his
2012 acquittal, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 2015 Malaysia’s
Federal Court upheld the conviction and sentence. Anwar denied the charges,
alleging a “political conspiracy.”



When Najib Razak’s administration became embroiled in a financial scandal
involving the alleged embezzlement of billions of dollars from a state
development fund, Mahathir emerged from retirement to become a leader of the
opposition. Mahathir stated that if elected prime minister, he would seek to
obtain a royal pardon on Anwar’s behalf, a move that would allow Anwar to return
to politics. Furthermore, the 92-year-old Mahathir pledged to step down after
two years, ceding the office to Anwar. In a stunning upset, Mahathir’s
opposition coalition ended six decades of BN rule when it was victorious in
parliamentary elections held on May 9, 2018. In one of his first acts in office,
Mahathir petitioned Sultan Muhammad V to pardon Anwar, and on May 11, 2018,
Mahathir announced that the king had agreed to that request. Anwar was released
five days later.

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Resuming his political career, Anwar ran for a seat in parliament, and he was
elected in October 2018. On November 24, 2022, he was appointed Malaysia’s 10th
prime minister by the country’s king, Sultan Abdullah of Pahang, following an
inconclusive 2022 general election.


Janet Moredock The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica


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Reformation
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Reformation Key Facts
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What Very Big Thing Happened on This Day?
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 * What did the Reformation do?
 * Who were some of the key figures of the Reformation?
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World History Global Exploration
Martin Luther Lithograph of Martin Luther reading in church. (more)


REFORMATION

Christianity
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: Oct 22, 2024 • Article History
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
Also called: Protestant Reformation (Show more)
Date: c. 1517 - c. 1600 (Show more)
Location: Europe (Show more)
Context: Anabaptist Calvinism Lutheranism presbyter Protestantism (Show more)
Key People: John Calvin Thomas Cranmer Henry VIII John Knox Martin Luther
(Show more)
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Top Questions
WHERE AND WHEN DID THE REFORMATION START?

The Reformation is said to have begun when Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five
Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31,
1517.

Ninety-five ThesesLearn more about Luther’s Ninety-five Theses.
WHAT DID THE REFORMATION DO?

The Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the
three major branches of Christianity. The Reformation led to the reformulation
of certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of
Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions.
The spread of Protestantism in areas that had previously been Roman Catholic had
far-reaching political, economic, and social effects.

ProtestantismRead about the history of Protestantism.
WHO WERE SOME OF THE KEY FIGURES OF THE REFORMATION?

The greatest leaders of the Reformation undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John
Calvin. Martin Luther precipitated the Reformation with his critiques of both
the practices and the theology of the Roman Catholic Church. John Calvin was the
most important figure in the second generation of the Reformation, and his
interpretation of Christianity, known as Calvinism, deeply influenced many areas
of Protestant thought. Other figures included Pope Leo X, who excommunicated
Luther; the Holy Roman emperor Charles V, who essentially declared war on
Protestantism; Henry VIII, king of England, who presided over the establishment
of an independent Church of England; and Huldrych Zwingli, a Swiss reformer.

Martin LutherLearn more about Martin Luther’s life and legacy.
John CalvinPortrait of John Calvin by Henriette Rath; in the collection of the
Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire, Geneva.(more)

Reformation, the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in
the 16th century. Its greatest leaders undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John
Calvin. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effects, the
Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three
major branches of Christianity.



The world of the late medieval Roman Catholic Church from which the 16th-century
reformers emerged was a complex one. Over the centuries the church, particularly
in the office of the papacy, had become deeply involved in the political life of
western Europe. The resulting intrigues and political manipulations, combined
with the church’s increasing power and wealth, contributed to the bankrupting of
the church as a spiritual force. Abuses such as the sale of indulgences (or
spiritual privileges) by the clergy and other charges of corruption undermined
the church’s spiritual authority. These instances must be seen as exceptions,
however, no matter how much they were played up by polemicists. For most people,
the church continued to offer spiritual comfort. There is some evidence of
anticlericalism, but the church at large enjoyed loyalty as it had before. One
development is clear: the political authorities increasingly sought to curtail
the public role of the church and thereby triggered tension.



The Reformation of the 16th century was not unprecedented. Reformers within the
medieval church such as St. Francis of Assisi, Valdes (founder of the
Waldensians), Jan Hus, and John Wycliffe addressed aspects in the life of the
church in the centuries before 1517. In the 16th century Erasmus of Rotterdam, a
great humanist scholar, was the chief proponent of liberal Catholic reform that
attacked popular superstitions in the church and urged the imitation of Christ
as the supreme moral teacher. These figures reveal an ongoing concern for
renewal within the church in the years before Luther is said to have posted his
Ninety-five Theses on the door of the Castle Church, Wittenberg, Germany, on
October 31, 1517, the eve of All Saints’ Day—the traditional date for the
beginning of the Reformation. (See Researcher’s Note.)

Britannica Quiz
What Very Big Thing Happened on This Day?
indulgencesThe sale of indulgences in church; woodcut from the title page of
Luther's pamphlet On Aplas von Rom, published anonymously in Augsburg,
1525.(more)

Martin Luther claimed that what distinguished him from previous reformers was
that while they attacked corruption in the life of the church, he went to the
theological root of the problem—the perversion of the church’s doctrine of
redemption and grace. Luther, a pastor and professor at the University of
Wittenberg, deplored the entanglement of God’s free gift of grace in a complex
system of indulgences and good works. In his Ninety-five Theses, he attacked the
indulgence system, insisting that the pope had no authority over purgatory and
that the doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the gospel.
Here lay the key to Luther’s concerns for the ethical and theological reform of
the church: Scripture alone is authoritative (sola scriptura) and justification
is by faith (sola fide), not by works. While he did not intend to break with the
Catholic church, a confrontation with the papacy was not long in coming. In 1521
Luther was excommunicated; what began as an internal reform movement had become
a fracture in western Christendom.


Huldrych ZwingliHuldrych Zwingli, detail of an oil portrait by Hans Asper, 1531;
in the Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Switzerland.(more)

The Reformation movement within Germany diversified almost immediately, and
other reform impulses arose independently of Luther. Huldrych Zwingli built a
Christian theocracy in Zürich in which church and state joined for the service
of God. Zwingli agreed with Luther in the centrality of the doctrine of
justification by faith, but he espoused a different understanding of the Holy
Communion. Luther had rejected the Catholic church’s doctrine of
transubstantiation, according to which the bread and wine in Holy Communion
became the actual body and blood of Christ. According to Luther’s notion, the
body of Christ was physically present in the elements because Christ is present
everywhere, while Zwingli claimed that entailed a spiritual presence of Christ
and a declaration of faith by the recipients.



Another group of reformers, often though not altogether correctly referred to as
“radical reformers,” insisted that baptism be performed not on infants but on
adults who had professed their faith in Jesus. Called Anabaptists, they remained
a marginal phenomenon in the 16th century but survived—despite fierce
persecution—as Mennonites and Hutterites into the 21st century. Opponents of the
ancient Trinitarian dogma made their appearance as well. Known as Socinians,
after the name of their founder, they established flourishing congregations,
especially in Poland.

How Martin Luther launched the Protestant ReformationLearn more about the
Protestant Reformation.(more)
See all videos for this article

Another important form of Protestantism (as those protesting against their
suppressions were designated by the Diet of Speyer in 1529) is Calvinism, named
for John Calvin, a French lawyer who fled France after his conversion to the
Protestant cause. In Basel, Switzerland, Calvin brought out the first edition of
his Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536, the first systematic,
theological treatise of the new reform movement. Calvin agreed with Luther’s
teaching on justification by faith. However, he found a more positive place for
law within the Christian community than did Luther. In Geneva, Calvin was able
to experiment with his ideal of a disciplined community of the elect. Calvin
also stressed the doctrine of predestination and interpreted Holy Communion as a
spiritual partaking of the body and blood of Christ. Calvin’s tradition merged
eventually with Zwingli’s into the Reformed tradition, which was given
theological expression by the (second) Helvetic Confession of 1561.


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The Reformation spread to other European countries over the course of the 16th
century. By mid century, Lutheranism dominated northern Europe. Eastern Europe
offered a seedbed for even more radical varieties of Protestantism, because
kings were weak, nobles strong, and cities few, and because religious pluralism
had long existed. Spain and Italy were to be the great centres of the Catholic
Counter-Reformation, and Protestantism never gained a strong foothold there.


Hans Holbein the Younger: portrait of Henry VIIIHenry VIII, painting by Hans
Holbein the Younger, c. 1540.(more)

In England the Reformation’s roots were both political and religious. Henry
VIII, incensed by Pope Clement VII’s refusal to grant him an annulment of his
marriage, repudiated papal authority and in 1534 established the Anglican church
with the king as the supreme head. In spite of its political implications, the
reorganization of the church permitted the beginning of religious change in
England, which included the preparation of a liturgy in English, the Book of
Common Prayer. In Scotland, John Knox, who spent time in Geneva and was greatly
influenced by John Calvin, led the establishment of Presbyterianism, which made
possible the eventual union of Scotland with England. For further treatment of
the Reformation, see Protestantism, history of. For a discussion of the
religious doctrine, see Protestantism.


The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised
and updated by Adam Augustyn.


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Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Reformation". Encyclopedia
Britannica, 22 Oct. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation. Accessed
1 November 2024.
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External Websites
 * Ohio State University - Origins - Martin Luther and the Reformation
 * Free Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University - Protestant
   Reformation
 * McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Reformation
 * World History Encyclopedia - Protestant Reformation
 * Khan Academy - The Protestant Reformation
 * EWTN - What was the Reformation?
 * International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences - Effect of the
   Reformation on Today’s Church
 * Jewish Virtual Library - Reformation

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Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
 * Reformation - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
 * Reformation - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

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Select Citation Style
MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Reformation". Encyclopedia
Britannica, 22 Oct. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation. Accessed
1 November 2024.
Copy Citation
Share
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URL
https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation
External Websites
 * Ohio State University - Origins - Martin Luther and the Reformation
 * Free Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University - Protestant
   Reformation
 * McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Reformation
 * World History Encyclopedia - Protestant Reformation
 * Khan Academy - The Protestant Reformation
 * EWTN - What was the Reformation?
 * International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences - Effect of the
   Reformation on Today’s Church
 * Jewish Virtual Library - Reformation

Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
 * Reformation - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
 * Reformation - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)


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EXPONENTIAL INTERACTIVE, INC D/B/A VDX.TV

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

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SOVRN, INC.

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NEXXEN INC.

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YAHOO EMEA LIMITED

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ADVENTORI SAS

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TRIPLE LIFT, INC.

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XANDR, INC.

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NEORY GMBH

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NEXXEN GROUP LLC

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NEURAL.ONE

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MAGNITE, INC.

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33ACROSS

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AMAZON AD SERVER

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OPENX

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NANO INTERACTIVE GROUP LTD.

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SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS LLC

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

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PUBMATIC, INC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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COMSCORE B.V.

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FLASHTALKING

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SHARETHROUGH, INC

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

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PULSEPOINT, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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SMAATO, INC.

Cookie duration: 21 (days).

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SEMASIO GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

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CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
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GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
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CRITEO SA

Cookie duration: 390 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
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ADLOOX SA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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and interaction data

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Uses other forms of storage.


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BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED

Cookie duration: 400 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
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LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC

Cookie duration: 274 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
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LIVERAMP

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data

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GROUPM UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data, Precise location data

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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LOOPME LIMITED

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
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choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

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Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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DYNATA LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


ASK LOCALA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


AZIRA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


DOUBLEVERIFY INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and
interaction data

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


BIDSWITCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


IPONWEB GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


NEXTROLL, INC.

Cookie duration: 183 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


ID5 TECHNOLOGY LTD

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


TEADS FRANCE SAS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


PERMODO GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


PLATFORM161 B.V.

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


LIVEINTENT INC.

Cookie duration: 731 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


SEEDTAG ADVERTISING S.L

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


SMADEX, S.L.U.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


BOMBORA INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


EASYMEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


REMERGE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


ADVANCED STORE GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


MAGNITE CTV, INC.

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


DELTA PROJECTS AB

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


EMETRIQ GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Cookie duration: 25 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


ONETAG LIMITED

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


SMARTOLOGY LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


IMPROVE DIGITAL

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


NATIVO, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


BANNERFLOW AB

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


TABMO SAS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE (INCORPORATING ADMANTX)

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


WIZALY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


WEBORAMA

Cookie duration: 393 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


JIVOX CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


VISTAR MEDIA EMEA BV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data

more




View details | Privacy policy
Consent


ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, User-provided data, Browsing and
interaction data, Precise location data

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


ROCKABOX MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


EXACTAG GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


CELTRA INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


MAINADV SRL

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


GEMIUS SA

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


THE KANTAR GROUP LIMITED

Cookie duration: 914 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH LTD.

Cookie duration: 120 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


SOLOCAL SA

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


PIXALATE, INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


NUMBERLY

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


AUDIENCEPROJECT A/S

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


DEMANDBASE, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


EFFILIATION / EFFINITY

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


ARRIVALIST CO.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


SEENTHIS AB

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policy


COMMANDERS ACT

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


TRAVEL AUDIENCE GMBH

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’
profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


HUMAN

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


BLENDEE SRL

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


INNOVID LLC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction
data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


PAPIRFLY AS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


NEUSTAR, INC., A TRANSUNION COMPANY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


VERVE GROUP EUROPE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


OTTO (GMBH & CO KG)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Privacy choices,
User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


LOCALSENSOR B.V.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


ONLINE SOLUTION

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


ONFOCUS (ADAGIO)

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, Precise
location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


RELAY42 NETHERLANDS B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


GP ONE GMBH

Cookie duration: Uses session cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction
data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


LIFTOFF MONETIZE AND VUNGLE EXCHANGE

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, User-provided data,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Precise location data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


THE MEDIAGRID INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Precise location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


REPPUBLIKA RESEARCH & ANALYTICS AUSTRIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’
profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


CINT AB

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


MONET ENGINE INC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


GFK GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


REVJET

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


PROTECTED MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


CLINCH LABS LTD

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


ORACLE DATA CLOUD - MOAT

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses

more




View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


HEARTS AND SCIENCE MÜNCHEN GMBH

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


AMAZON ADVERTISING

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


MOLOCO, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


NOBID, INC.

Cookie duration: 7 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


ADTRIBA GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


ENSIGHTEN

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest


SPORTORITY UK LTD

Cookie duration: 1 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


EBAY INC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


METRIXLAB NEDERLAND B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policy
Consent


KARGO GLOBAL INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


TYPEA HOLDINGS LTD

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest


HURRA COMMUNICATIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Precise
location data

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent


KUEEZ ENTERTAINMENT LTD.

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Browsing and interaction data

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

Ad partners


AKAMAI

Privacy policy
Consent


META

Privacy policy
Consent


AUNICA

Privacy policy
Consent


BOOKING.COM

Privacy policy
Consent


C3 METRICS

Privacy policy
Consent


IBM

Privacy policy
Consent


EVIDON

Privacy policy
Consent


ADACADO

Privacy policy
Consent


INTELLIAD

Privacy policy
Consent


DSTILLERY

Privacy policy
Consent


MEDIAMATH

Privacy policy
Consent


ZMS

Privacy policy
Consent


OMNICOM MEDIA GROUP

Privacy policy
Consent


RESONATE

Privacy policy
Consent


SOJERN

Privacy policy
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