www.sentinelone.com Open in urlscan Pro
104.26.2.18  Public Scan

URL: https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/xloaders-latest-trick-new-macos-variant-disguised-as-signed-officenote-app/
Submission: On August 29 via api from SA — Scanned from DE

Form analysis 6 forms found in the DOM

GET https://www.sentinelone.com

<form autocomplete="off" method="get" action="https://www.sentinelone.com">
  <fieldset>
    <input type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search ..." value="">
    <button class="search" type="submit">
      <span class="light">
        <img class="icon-search" src="https://www.sentinelone.com/wp-content/themes/sentinelone/carbine/assets/svg/search-icon-white.svg">
        <img class="icon-down" src="https://www.sentinelone.com/wp-content/themes/sentinelone/carbine/assets/svg/navigation-close.svg">
      </span>
      <span class="dark">
        <img class="icon-search" src="https://www.sentinelone.com/wp-content/themes/sentinelone/carbine/assets/svg/search-icon.svg">
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      </span>
    </button>
  </fieldset>
</form>

GET https://www.sentinelone.com/

<form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.sentinelone.com/">
  <label>
    <span class="screen-reader-text">Search ...</span>
    <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search ..." value="" name="s">
  </label>
  <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search">
</form>

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      <div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Email" id="LblEmail" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 0px;">
          <div class="mktoAsterix">*</div>
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        <div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><input id="Email" name="Email" placeholder="Business Email" maxlength="255" aria-labelledby="LblEmail InstructEmail" type="email"
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        <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="demandbaseCompany" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="demandbaseCountry" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
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  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="demandbaseState" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="demandbaseEmployeeRange" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="subIndustry" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="dataSource" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="watchListAccountType" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="watchListAccountOwner" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="watchListAccountStatus" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoFormRow"><input type="hidden" name="watchListCampaignCode" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" value="" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoButtonRow"><span class="mktoButtonWrap mktoNative" style="margin-left: 110px;"><button type="submit" class="mktoButton">Subscribe</button></span></div>
  <div class="marketo-legal">By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the use of my personal data in accordance with SentinelOne <a href="https://www.sentinelone.com/legal/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a>. SentinelOne will not sell, trade, lease, or rent
    your personal data to third parties.</div><input type="hidden" name="formid" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor" value="1985"><input type="hidden" name="munchkinId" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor" value="327-MNM-087">
</form>

<form id="mktoForm_2816" novalidate="novalidate" class="mktoForm mktoHasWidth mktoLayoutLeft bf_form_init" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); width: 1601px;" bf_offer_id="1666929757">
  <style type="text/css"></style>
  <div class="mktoFormRow">
    <div class="mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
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      <div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Email" id="LblEmail" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 0px;">
          <div class="mktoAsterix">*</div>
        </label>
        <div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><input id="Email" name="Email" placeholder="Business Email" maxlength="255" aria-labelledby="LblEmail InstructEmail" type="email"
          class="mktoField mktoEmailField mktoHasWidth mktoRequired" aria-required="true" style="width: 164px;"><span id="InstructEmail" tabindex="-1" class="mktoInstruction"></span>
        <div class="mktoClear"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="mktoClear"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="mktoClear"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="mktoButtonRow"><span class="mktoButtonWrap mktoNative" style="margin-left: 110px;"><button type="submit" class="mktoButton">Subscribe</button></span></div>
  <div class="marketo-legal">By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the use of my personal data in accordance with SentinelOne <a href="https://www.sentinelone.com/legal/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a>. SentinelOne will not sell, trade, lease, or rent
    your personal data to third parties.</div><input type="hidden" name="formid" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor" value="2816"><input type="hidden" name="munchkinId" class="mktoField mktoFieldDescriptor" value="327-MNM-087">
</form>

<form novalidate="novalidate" class="mktoForm mktoHasWidth mktoLayoutLeft" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: -500px; left: -1000px; width: 1600px;"></form>

<form novalidate="novalidate" class="mktoForm mktoHasWidth mktoLayoutLeft" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: -500px; left: -1000px; width: 1600px;"></form>

Text Content

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Back
   
   
 * Platform
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       * Singularity Platform Welcome to Integrated
         Enterprise Security
         
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         Detection, and Response
         
       * XDR Ingestion One Home for All
         Security Data
         
       * How It Works The Singularity XDR Difference
         
       * Singularity Marketplace One-Click Integrations to Unlock the Power of
         XDR
         
   
    * Surfaces
       * Endpoint Autonomous Prevention, Detection, and Response
         
       * Cloud Autonomous Runtime Protection for Workloads
         
       * Identity Autonomous Identity & Credential Protection
         
   
    * Platform Packages
       * Singularity Complete The Standard for Enterprise Cybersecurity
         
       * Singularity Control Organization-Wide
         Protection and Control
         
       * Singularity Core Cloud-Native NGAV
         
       * Package Comparison Our Platform at a Glance
         
   
    * Platform Products
       * Singularity Cloud Container, VM, and Server Workload Security
         
       * Singularity Mobile Mobile Threat Defense
         
       * Singularity Cloud Data Security AI-Powered Threat Detection
         
       * Singularity RemoteOps Orchestrate Forensics at Scale
         
       * Singularity Identity Identity Threat Detection
         and Response
         
       * Singularity CloudFunnel Cloud-to-Cloud Telemetry Streaming
         
       * Singularity Ranger AD Active Directory Attack Surface Reduction
         
       * Singularity BinaryVault Automatic File Sample Collection
         
       * Singularity Ranger Rogue Asset Discovery
         
       * Singularity Hologram Deception Protection
         
   
   
 * Why SentinelOne?
    * Why SentinelOne?
       * Why SentinelOne? Cybersecurity Built
         for What’s Next
         
       * Our Customers Trusted by the World’s Leading Enterprises
         
       * Industry Recognition Tested and Proven
         by the Experts
         
       * About Us The Industry Leader in Autonomous Cybersecurity
         
   
    * Compare SentinelOne
       * CrowdStrike Cyber Dependent
         on a Crowd
         
       * McAfee Pale Performance,
         More Maintenance
         
       * Microsoft Platform Coverage
         That Compromises
         
       * Trend Micro The Risk of DevOps Disruption
         
       * Palo Alto Networks Hard to Deploy,
         Harder to Manage
         
       * Carbon Black Adapt Only as Quickly
         as Your Block Lists
         
       * Symantec Security Limited
         to Signatures
         
   
    * Verticals
       * Energy
         
       * Federal Government
         
       * Finance
         
       * Healthcare
         
       * Higher Education
         
       * K-12 Education
         
       * Manufacturing
         
       * Retail
         
   
   
 * Services
    * Threat Services
       * Vigilance Respond Pro
         MDR + DFIR 24x7 MDR with Full-Scale Investigation & Response
         
       * WatchTower Pro
         Threat Hunting Dedicated Hunting & Compromise Assessment
         
       * Vigilance Respond
         MDR Dedicated SOC
         Expertise & Analysis
         
       * WatchTower
         Threat Hunting Hunting for Emerging Threat Campaigns
         
      
      Services Overview
    * Support, Deployment, & Health
       * Technical Account Management Customer Success with Personalized Service
         
       * SentinelOne GO Guided Onboarding & Deployment Advisory
         
       * SentinelOne University Live and On-Demand Training
         
       * Support Services Tiered Support Options for Every Organization
         
       * SentinelOne Community Community Login
         
   
   
 * Partners
    * Our Network
       * Singularity Marketplace Extend the Power
         of S1 Technology
         
       * Cyber Risk
         Partners Enlist Pro Response
         and Advisory Teams
         
       * Technology Alliances Integrated, Enterprise-Scale Solutions
         
       * SentinelOne for AWS Hosted in AWS Regions Around the World
         
       * Channel Partners Deliver the Right
         Solutions, Together
         
      
      Program Overview
   
   
 * Resources
    * Resource Center
       * Case Studies
         
       * Data Sheets
         
       * eBooks
         
       * Reports
         
       * Videos
         
       * Webinars
         
       * White Papers
         
      
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    * Blog
       * Cyber Response
         
       * Feature Spotlight
         
       * For CISO/CIO
         
       * From the Front Lines
         
       * Identity
         
       * Cloud
         
       * macOS
         
       * SentinelOne Blog
         
      
      Blog
    * Tech Resources
       * SentinelLABS
         
       * Ransomware Anthology
         
       * Cybersecurity 101
         
   
   
 * About
    * About SentinelOne
       * About SentinelOne The Industry Leader in Cybersecurity
         
       * Investor Relations Financial Information & Events
         
       * SentinelLABS Threat Research for
         the Modern Threat Hunter
         
       * Careers The Latest Job Opportunities
         
       * Press & News Company Announcements
         
       * Cybersecurity Blog The Latest Cybersecurity Threats, News, & More
         
       * F1 Racing SentinelOne &
         Aston Martin F1 Team
         
       * FAQ Get Answers to Our Most Frequently Asked Questions
         
       * DataSet The Live Data Platform
         
       * S Foundation Securing a Safer Future for All
         
       * S Ventures Investing in the Next Generation
         of Security and Data
         
       * Brand SentinelOne Brand Guidelines
         
   
   

Get a Demo
 * 1-855-868-3733
 * Contact
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Experiencing a Breach?
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 * Contact
 * Cybersecurity Blog


XLOADER’S LATEST TRICK | NEW MACOS VARIANT DISGUISED AS SIGNED OFFICENOTE APP

August 21, 2023
by Dinesh Devadoss and Phil Stokes
PDF

XLoader is a long-running malware-as-a-service infostealer and botnet that has
been around in some form or another since 2015. Its first macOS variant was
spotted in 2021 and was notable for being distributed as a Java program. As we
noted at the time, the Java Runtime Environment hasn’t shipped by default on
macOS since the days of Snow Leopard, meaning the malware was limited in its
targeting to environments where Java had been optionally installed.

Now, however, XLoader has returned in a new form and without the dependencies.
Written natively in the C and Objective C programming languages and signed with
an Apple developer signature, XLoader is now masquerading as an office
productivity app called ‘OfficeNote’.

In this post, we examine how this new variant works and provide indicators for
threat hunters and security teams. SentinelOne customers are automatically
protected from this new variant of XLoader.




XLOADER DISTRIBUTION

The new version of XLoader is bundled inside a standard Apple disk image with
the name OfficeNote.dmg. The application contained within is signed with the
developer signature MAIT JAKHU (54YDV8NU9C).

The application was signed on 17 July, 2023; however, Apple has since revoked
the signature. Despite that, our tests indicate that Apple’s malware blocking
tool, XProtect, does not have a signature to prevent execution of this malware
at the time of writing.

OfficeNote’s revoked Apple Developer signature.

Multiple submissions of this sample have appeared on VirusTotal throughout July,
indicating that the malware has been widely distributed in the wild.

XLoader submissions to VirusTotal July 2023

Advertisements on crimeware forums offer the Mac version for rental at
$199/month or $299/3 months. Interestingly, this is relatively expensive
compared to Windows variants of XLoader, which go for $59/month and $129/3
months.


XLOADER DROPPER AND PERSISTENCE MODULE

When executed, the OfficeNote application is hardcoded to throw an error message
indicating that the application is non-functional. Meanwhile, the malware drops
its payload and installs a persistence agent, behavior that is immediately
detected by the SentinelOne agent.

XLoader is immediately detected as a threat by the SentinelOne agent

This error message is hardcoded using a stack string technique, typical of
previous versions of XLoader.

Hardcoded error message constructed on the stack

At this point, however, the malware has already been busy dropping the payload
and LaunchAgent. The payload is deposited in the user’s home directory as
~/73a470tO and executed. It creates a hidden directory and constructs a
barebones minimal app within it, using a copy of itself for the main executable.
Although the name of the payload is hardcoded into the dropper, the names of the
hidden directory, app and executable are randomized on each execution.

Execution of OfficeNote and creation of a hidden application as seen in the
SentinelOne console

Meanwhile, a LaunchAgent is also dropped in the User’s Library folder. This
agent is similar to that used in the previous version of XLoader, providing a
start value to the executable. This ensures that the binary can distinguish
between its first run and subsequent runs.

XLoader LaunchAgent for persistence


XLOADER PAYLOAD BEHAVIOR

As in previous versions, the malware attempts to steal secrets from the user’s
clipboard via the Apple API NSPasteboard and generalPasteboard. It targets both
Chrome and Firefox browsers, reading the login.json file located in
~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles for Firefox and
~/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/Default/Login Data for Chrome. As
with other infostealers we’ve observed recently, Safari is not targeted.

XLoader uses a variety of dummy network calls to disguise the real C2. We
observed 169 DNS name resolutions and 203 HTTP requests. Among the many
contacted hosts the malware reaches out to are the following suspicious or
malicious IP addresses.

23[.]227.38[.]74
62[.]72.14[.]220
66[.]29.151[.]121
104[.]21.26[.]182
104[.]21.32[.]235
104[.]21.34[.]62
137[.]220.225[.]17
142[.]251.163[.]121


XLoader also attempts to evade analysis both manually and by automated
solutions. Both the dropper and payload binaries attempt to prevent debuggers
attaching with ptrace’s PT_DENY_ATTACH (0x1f).

XLoader attempts to prevent analysts reverse engineering the malware

On execution, the malware executes sleep commands to delay behavior in the hope
of fooling automated analysis tools. The binaries are stripped and exhibit high
entropy in an attempt to similarly thwart static analysis.

The XLoader binaries exhibit high entropy in the __text section


CONCLUSION

XLoader continues to present a threat to macOS users and businesses. This latest
iteration masquerading as an office productivity application shows that the
targets of interest are clearly users in a working environment. The malware
attempts to steal browser and clipboard secrets that could be used or sold to
other threat actors for further compromise.

IT and security teams are advised to deploy a trusted third party security
solution to prevent and detect malware such as XLoader. To see how SentinelOne
can help protect the macOS devices in your fleet, contact us or request a free
demo.


INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

SHA1 Description 26fd638334c9c1bd111c528745c10d00aa77249d Mach-O Payload
47cacf7497c92aab6cded8e59d2104215d8fab86 Mach-O Dropper
5946452d1537cf2a0e28c77fa278554ce631223c Disk Image
958147ab54ee433ac57809b0e8fd94f811d523ba Mach-O Payload

FilePaths
~/73a470tO

Developer ID
MAIT JAKHU (54YDV8NU9C)

Network Communications

23[.]227.38[.]74
62[.]72.14[.]220
66[.]29.151[.]121
104[.]21.26[.]182
104[.]21.32[.]235
104[.]21.34[.]62
137[.]220.225[.]17
142[.]251.163[.]121


www[.]activ-ketodietakjsy620[.]cloud
www[.]akrsnamchi[.]com
www[.]brioche-amsterdam[.]com
www[.]corkagenexus[.]com
www[.]growind[.]info
www[.]hatch[.]computer
www[.]kiavisa[.]com
www[.]lushespets[.]com
www[.]mommachic[.]com
www[.]nationalrecoveryllc[.]com
www[.]pinksugarpopmontana[.]com
www[.]qhsbobfv[.]top
www[.]qq9122[.]com
www[.]raveready[.]shop
www[.]spv88[.]online
www[.]switchmerge[.]com


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Table of Contents
XLoader Distribution
 * XLoader Distribution
 * XLoader Dropper and Persistence Module
 * XLoader Payload Behavior
 * Conclusion
 * Indicators of Compromise


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