saferhomesandhealth.com
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Submission: On July 10 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Submission: On July 10 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 1 forms found in the DOM
Name: captureForm — POST https://inc.bethebossnetwork.com/process.php
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<h4>Introduce Yourself</h4>
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<input id="terms_desktop" type="checkbox"> I have read and agree to the <a href="privacypolicy.php" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> and that I'm <strong>above the age of 18.</strong>
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<h4>Thank You</h4>
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<p> Thanks for requesting more information. I will be in contact with you shortly to answer any questions you may have. </p>
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</form>Text Content
* Home
* Virtual House Tour
* Product List
* Join Webcast
* About Me
Samuel Dean
(334) 531-5353
Safer@EnhanceLivingToday.com
* Home
* Virtual House Tour
* Product List
* Join Webcast
* About Me
HEALTHY HOME TOUR
Identify potentially hazardous products in your home
Learn More
Identify potentially hazardous products on a room-by-room basis.
Virtual house tour >
Review the list of room products and a hazardous constituents.
Identify potentially hazardous products >
AWAKEN YOURSELF TO THE DANGERS POSED BY CHEMICALS IN COMMON HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS.
Become and educated consumer and make informed buying decisions about the
household chemicals you purchase.
SAFETY
You possibly use dozens of products that contain chemical ingredients that could
be harmful to your health.
Learn More >
HEALTH
If yours is the typical home, you probably use dozens of cleaning and personal
care products which contain chemical ingredients.
Learn More >
EDUCATION
Scientists and doctors have discovered a connection between our health and the
use of common household chemicals.
Learn More >
ROOM BY ROOM
Take a virtual tour
Kitchen
* Detergent
* Drain Cleaner
* Gas Stove
* Oven Cleaner
* Plastics
* Rodent Killer
* Scouring Powder
* Smoke Detector
Learn More
Living Room
* Air Freshener
* Carpet Cleaner
* Fireplace
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Glass/Window Cleaner
* Smoke Detector
Learn More
Bathroom
* Aerosols
* Drain Cleaner
* Hair Color
* Hydrogen Peroxide
* Isopropyl Alcohol
* Nail Polish
* Nail Polish Remover
* Toilet Cleaner
Learn More
Bedroom
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Glass/Window Cleaner
* Mothballs
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
Learn More
Garage
* Antifreeze
* Transmission Fluid
* Car Wax
* Fertilizer
* Gasoline
* Insect Repellent
* Paint
* Pool Chemicals
Learn More
Storage
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dyes
* Mothballs
* Paint
* Radon
* Rodent Killer
* Spot Remover
Learn More
WANT HEALTHY ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THESE TOXIC PRODUCTS?
Learn More
HEALTHY HOME TOUR / VIRTUAL HOUSE
Identify potentially hazardous products in your home, room by room.
Learn More
ROOM BY ROOM
Take a virtual tour
Kitchen
* Detergent
* Drain Cleaner
* Gas Stove
* Oven Cleaner
* Plastics
* Rodent Killer
* Scouring Powder
* Smoke Detector
View All
Living Room
* Air Freshener
* Carpet Cleaner
* Fireplace
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Glass/Window Cleaner
* Smoke Detector
View All
Bathroom
* Aerosols
* Drain Cleaner
* Hair Color
* Hydrogen Peroxide
* Isopropyl Alcohol
* Nail Polish
* Nail Polish Remover
* Toilet Cleaner
View All
Bedroom
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Glass/Window Cleaner
* Mothballs
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
View All
Garage
* Antifreeze
* Transmission Fluid
* Car Wax
* Fertilizer
* Gasoline
* Insect Repellent
* Paint
* Pool Chemicals
View All
Storage
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dyes
* Mothballs
* Paint
* Radon
* Rodent Killer
* Spot Remover
View All
KITCHEN
One of the most difficult areas to keep bacteria-free is the kitchen. In the
fight against food-borne illness such as Salmonella and E. coli, consumers often
bring in harsh cleaners and toxic chemicals. The proximity to food makes the
kitchen an especially sensitive area of concern.
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Aluminum Cleaners
* Asbestos Floor Tile
* Bleach
* Detergent
* Disinfectant
* Drain Cleaner
* Floor Cleaner
* Gas Stove
* Oven Cleaners
* Plastics
* Roach Killer
* Rodent Killer
* Scouring Powder
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
LIVING ROOM
From entertaining guests to watching Sunday football, the living room is your
home's gathering place for family and friends. While the list of commonly used
chemicals is smaller than other rooms, most families spend the longest amount of
time here and therefore very important to keep toxin free.
* Air Freshener
* Carpet Cleaner
* Fireplace
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
BATHROOM
Heat and humidity combine to create a breeding ground for mold and bacteria.
While we wage war against these invaders, we also introduce harsh chemicals and
toxic cleaning products. Plus, many of our personal care products also contain
unhealthy ingredients to be cautious of.
* Aerosols
* Asbestos Floor Tile
* Disinfectant
* Drain Cleaner
* Floor Cleaner
* Hair Colors
* Hair Permanent
* Hair Spray
* Hydrogen Peroxide
* Isopropyl Alcohol
* Mildew Remover
* Nail Polish
* Nail Polish Remover
* Pharmaceuticals
* Scouring Powder
* Toilet Cleaner
* Window/Glass Cleaner
BEDROOM
The bedroom should be a place of comfort and relaxation. This room should be
your peaceful escape from the outside world. Using consumer products with less
harmful ingredients will aid your peace of mind and allow you to rest easy.
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Mothballs
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
GARAGE
Our lives are filled with so many harmful consumer products that we usually need
an entire room dedicated to their storage, the garage. Walk into almost anyone's
garage and you'll racks and shelfs filled with toxic or even lethal chemicals.
* Aerosols
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Alkalies & Alkalines
* Aluminum Cleaners
* Ammunition
* Antifreeze
* Arsenic
* Asbestos
* Asphalt/Roofing Tile
* Automatic Transmission Fluid
* Batteries - Dry Cell
* Batteries - Wet Cell
* Brake Fluid
* Car Wax
* Carburetor Cleaner
* Engine Degreaser
* Exhaust Fumes - Carbon Monoxide
* Fertilizer
* Gasoline
* Glues & Adhesives
* Insect Repellents
* Insecticide
* Kerosene & Diesel Fuel
* Motor Oil
* Paint
* Paint Thinner
* Paint & Varnish Remover
* Petroleum Distillates
* Photography Chemicals
* Plastics
* Pool Chemicals
* Rodent Killer
* Septic Tank Cleaner
* Smoke Detector
* Solvent
* Sulfuric Acid
* Window/Glass Cleaner
* Windshield Wiper Solution
STORAGE
When you're ready to eliminate a vast majority of the toxic products used in
your home, you might want to start in your storage closet. Harsh detergents,
paint, pet supplies, cleaning products etc... Take inventory here and take the
first steps towards a healthier lifestyle for you and your loved ones.
* Aerosols
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Aluminum Cleaners
* Air Freshener
* Ammunition
* Arts & Crafts
* Asbestos
* Batteries - Dry Cell
* Bleach
* Carpet Cleaner
* Detergent
* Drain Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Dyes
* Floor Cleaner
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Glues & Adhesives
* Insect Repellents
* Mothballs
* Paint
* Paint Thinner
* Paint & Varnish Remover
* Pet Supplies
* Plastics
* Radon
* Rodent Killer
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Spot Detector
* Starch
* Window/Glass Cleaner
WANT HEALTHY ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THESE TOXIC PRODUCTS?
Learn More
HEALTHY HOME TOUR / PRODUCT LIST
Identify potentially hazardous products in your home with an alphabetical list.
Learn More
ALPHABETICAL LIST
* Automotive Supplies
* Attic
* Bathroom
* Bedroom
* Closet/General Supplies
* Garage
* Garden Supplies
* Kitchen
* Laundry Room/Basement
* Living Room
AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIES
* Alkalies & Alkalines
* Antifreeze
* Automatic Transmission Fluid
* Batteries - Dry Cell
* Batteries - Wet Cell
* Brake Fluid
* Car Wax
* Carburetor Cleaner
* Engine Degreaser
* Gasoline
* Kerosene & Diesel Fuel
* Motor Oil
* Petroleum Distillates
* Windshield Wiper Solution
ATTIC
* Alkalies & Alkalines
* Ammunition
* Arts & Crafts
* Asbestos
* Glues & Adhesives
* Mothballs
* Paint
* Paint Thinner
* Paint & Varnish Remover
* Plastics
* Rodent Killer
* Smoke Detector
BATHROOM
* Aerosols
* Asbestos Floor Tile
* Disinfectant
* Drain Cleaner
* Floor Cleaner
* Hair Color
* Hair Permanent
* Hair Spray
* Hydrogen Peroxide
* Isopropyl Alcohol
* Mildew Remover
* Nail Polish
* Nail Polish Remover
* Pharmaceuticals
* Scouring Powder
* Toilet Cleaner
* Window/Glass Cleaner
BEDROOM
* Carpet Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Mothballs
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
CLOSET/GENERAL SUPPLIES
* Aerosols
* All Purpose Cleaner
* Aluminum Cleaner
* Air Freshener
* Batteries - Dry Cell
* Carpet Cleaner
* Floor Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Insect Repellent
* Shoe Polish
* Pet Supplies
* Window/Glass Cleaner
GARAGE
* Aerosols
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Aluminum Cleaners
* Ammunition
* Asbestos
* Asphalt/Roofing Tar
* Exhaust Fumes - Carbon Monoxide
* Glues & Adhesives
* Paint
* Paint Thinner
* Paint & Varnish Remover
* Photography Chemicals
* Plastics
* Pool Chemicals
* Septic Tank Cleaner
* Smoke Detector
* Solvent
* Sulfuric Acid
* Window/Glass Cleaner
* Wood Preservatives
GARDEN SUPPLIES
* Arsenic
* Fertilizer
* Insecticides
* Insect Repellent
* Rodent Killer
KITCHEN
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Aluminum Cleaners
* Asbestos Floor Tile
* Bleach
* Detergent
* Disinfectant
* Drain Cleaner
* Floor Cleaner
* Gas Stove
* Oven Cleaners
* Plastics
* Roach Killer
* Rodent Killer
* Scouring Powder
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
LAUNDRY ROOM / BASEMENT
* All Purpose Cleaners
* Bleach
* Carpet Cleaner
* Detergent
* Drain Cleaner
* Dry Cleaning
* Dyes
* Floor Cleaner
* Radon
* Shoe Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Spot Remover
* Starch
* Window/Glass Cleaner
LIVING ROOM
* Carpet Cleaner
* Fireplace
* Furniture Cleaner
* Furniture Polish
* Smoke Detector
* Window/Glass Cleaner
WANT HEALTHY ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THESE TOXIC PRODUCTS?
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HEALTHY HOME TOUR / ABOUT ME
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ABOUT ME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you for visiting my site. There are so many chemicals in our lives today
that we must question how they affect our health and our lives. I searched long
and hard for products that would give me piece of mind: all natural, toxin free,
and safer for children and grandchildren. I definitely found what I was looking
for, and I look forward to talking to you and helping you learn more about these
healthier products.
< Go back
Presented by: Samuel Dean
Cell: (334) 531-5353
Safer@EnhanceLivingToday.com
Cell: (334) 531-5353 Safer@EnhanceLivingToday.com
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×
ALKALIES & ALKALINES
Alkalies are commonly found in bleach, ammonia automatic dishwashing detergent,
low phosphate detergents, drain cleaners, oven cleaners, lime, color wave hair
preparations, depilatories, alkaline disk batteries, Clinitest tablets for home
glucose testing, and wet cement.
Alkalies, also called bases, all have a pH range of 7.1 to 14.0. The corrosive
effects of alkaline chemicals usually occur rapidly, sometimes with exposures as
short as one second. Severe skin irritation and burns can occur from skin
contact. Inhalation of fumes from alkalies may cause watering of the eyes,
sneezing, coughing, choking, shortness of breath, and inflammation and
irritation from the nose to lungs.
When working with household products that are alkaline or contain alkalies, wear
gloves to protect your skin. Make sure ventilation is adequate. For disposal
recommendations, see the specific product such as ammonia and drain cleaner.
×
ANTIFREEZE
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ETHYLENE GLYCOL Poisons animals, who are
attracted to the sweet smell; can cause damage to internal organs through skin
absorption; inhalation can cause dizziness
Antifreeze contains ethylene glycol which is poisonous when ingested. Ingestion
may result in depression followed by respiratory and cardiac failure, kidney
damage and brain damage. Manufacturers of antifreeze are required to clearly
post dangers on the label and provide a childproof cap, which minimizes the
danger of accidental ingestion by children. However, antifreeze when improperly
disposed of can endanger the health of pets. Each year, thousands of dogs and
cats are poisoned by discarded or leaking antifreeze. The sweet taste of
antifreeze attracts pets who lap up puddles of antifreeze they find. To prevent
this danger, wash down or absorb puddles of antifreeze with an absorbent
material such as kitty litter and dispose of the absorbent in the trash.
Use: Follow label directions. Never heat antifreeze. This would release toxic
fumes.
Storage: Store away from heat and in a well-ventilated area. Keep away from
children and pets.
Disposal: The major components of antifreeze can be broken down by organisms in
a sewage treatment plant. If your home is connected to a sanitary or municipal
sewer system, household quantities of antifreeze can be flushed down the drain
with plenty of water. The solution is not so easy for those homes with a septic
tank because antifreeze can overwhelm the organisms in your septic system,
causing damage to the system. If your wastewater goes into a septic tank, very
small amounts over a period of time can be flushed with plenty of water. Better
yet, ask a friend, relative, or neighbor who is hooked up to the sanitary sewer
system to use their drain to dispose of your household quantity of used
antifreeze. Do not pour antifreeze into storm sewer openings, sinkholes, or
abandoned wells where they will directly pollute the water.
×
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects GLYCOLS Some compounds cause kidney
damage
Automatic transmission fluid, used to pull the clutch and lubricate automobile
transmissions, is mainly composed of mineral oil. Automatic transmission fluid
is flammable at high temperatures and relatively nontoxic unless swallowed and
aspirated (sucked into lungs during swallowing or vomiting).
Used automatic transmission oil contains environmentally toxic heavy metals
including lead. The heavy metal in used fluid can cause severe nervous system
damage to wildlife and other animals if disposed of improperly.
Use: When draining fluid wear gloves and avoid skin contact.
Storage: Store used transmission fluid in a plastic container with a
tight-fitting lid. Clearly mark what is in the container and store on a high
shelf out of the reach of children and pets.
Disposal: If not contaminated with other products, used and unused automatic
transmission fluid may be accepted for recycling at local service stations that
also accept used motor oil or at the highway transportation department. Ask
first before dumping the used fluid into an oil collection tank because some
centers may not accept it. Carry the transmission fluid in a plastic container
with a tight-fitting lid or, if the fluid is unused, in its original container.
×
BATTERIES - DRY CELL
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects NICKEL Causes dermatitis, sensitizer
CADMIUM Damages kidneys and lungs MERCURY Toxic mercury vapor can damage brain
and nervous system
Dry cell and disc or button batteries are used in flash lights, radios, hearing
aids, watches, cameras, calculators, toys, and other items in the home. These
batteries may contain zinc, lead, alkalines, mercury, nickel, cadmium, silver,
and electrolytes. If batteries leak or explode the chemical substances contained
in these batteries can cause internal and external burns and irritation.
Batteries which explode can spew their contents on unsuspecting victims. There
are two primary reasons that batteries explode: if an attempt is made to
recharge nonrechargeable batteries, gases may build up and generate enough
pressure to explode the battery; and batteries which are thrown into a fire,
burned in a barrel, or otherwise incinerated can explode. Batteries which are
chewed on or punctured can also leak.
Discarding batteries poses a clear environmental danger. Batteries contain heavy
metals, such as silver, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury, lithium, manganese, and
zinc, which can accumulate and concentrate in waterlife, wildlife, and humans.
An example of the danger posed by batteries is that one mercury battery
contained in six tons of garbage exceeds the allowable limit for mercury in
solid waste as established by the federal government.
Use: Keep batteries away from children. Do not, under any circumstances, put
disc batteries into your mouth. They are slippery and easily swallowed.
Storage: Keep away from flames and out of the reach of children.
Disposal: Mercury-oxide and silver-oxide button batteries are often collected by
jewelers, pharmacies, and hearing aid stores who sell them to companies that
reclaim the metals. Many communities across the United States are separating
batteries from their waste stream and contracting with companies to provide
recycling, neutralization, or proper disposal. Alkaline, carbon-zinc, and
lithium batteries do not have a ready market available at present. Some
recycling companies have recently started accepting nickel-cadmium batteries and
are willing to provide collection containers and pay for bulk transportation to
the processor and recycling facilities.
×
BATTERIES - WET CELL
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects SULFURIC ACID Corrosive, causes severe
skin burns, and can cause blindness LEAD Causes nerve and kidney damage,
suspected carcinogen
Automobile, boats, and tractor batteries are wet cell batteries which contain
lead and a solution of sulfuric acid. When activated, the electrolyte solution
in the battery produces explosive gases which are easily ignited. Manufacturers
of batteries containing sulfuric acid must use labels which warn consumers of
the dangers from battery acid and accumulated gases. Sulfuric acid is extremely
caustic. Fumes are strongly irritating, and contact can cause burning and
charring of the skin; it is exceedingly dangerous to eyes. Lead is poisonous in
all forms and accumulates in our bodies and in the environment.
Use: Wear protective gloves. Do not get battery acid on you or your clothing. If
you do, wash your hands or body immediately and put baking soda on your clothes
where the battery acid splashed. Do not attempt to neutralize acids on the skin
or when swallowed. Flushing with or drinking sodium bicarbonate creates thermal
heat from the acid base reaction, causing further injury. Do not stand by an
uncapped battery while the motor is running; it can splash on you. After
touching a battery, wash hands thoroughly before touching eyes or mouth. Keep
all sources of flames, including cigarettes, away from batteries.
Storage: Store away from children, especially curious children who might want to
break open the battery to see what is inside. Keep away from all sources of
sparks, including flames. Store under a tarp or in a covered area.
Disposal: Recycle used batteries! Improper disposal of batteries presents an
environmental hazard. It is important and easy to dispose of batteries by
recycling them and it is usually possible to trade in old batteries where you
purchase new ones. To locate the recycler nearest to you, look up "Batteries" in
the Yellow Pages of the phone book. Depending upon the market place, you may get
a small amount of money for your recycled battery, but the fact that you do not
have to pay to dispose of this highly hazardous waste makes it a bargain to
recycle batteries.
×
BRAKE FLUID
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects GLYCOLS Some compounds cause kidney
damage
×
CAR WAX
Paste wax typically contains 75-85% petroleum naphtha and 15-25% wax. Naphtha is
flammable and an irritant that can enter your system through inhalation,
ingestion, and skin and eye contact. Skin chapping and sensitivity to light may
develop with repeated and prolonged contact.
Use: Wear protective gloves.
Storage: Make sure wax is tightly capped. Keep out of reach of children.
Disposal: It is best to use up car wax as intended to avoid a waste problem. If
the car wax has hardened, it can be disposed of in the trash destined for the
landfill.
×
CARBURETOR CLEANER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CRESOL Corrosive to tissue, damages,
liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and spleen METHYLENE CHLORIDE A suspected
carcinogen; vapors cause carbon monoxide accumulation in blood SODIUM CHROMATE
Causes contact dermatitis
×
ENGINE DEGREASER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CHLORINATED SOLVENTS Central nervous
system depressants, irritants, vary in toxicity
×
GASOLINE
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects TETRAETHYL LEAD Nerve toxin, small
amounts are fatal
Gasoline, a petroleum distillate product combined with various additives, is
flammable and highly toxic. Leaded gasoline contains tetraethyl lead, a highly
toxic metal compound. Unleaded gasoline contains high octane components such as
benzene (a known human carcinogen), ethylene dichloride (a known animal
carcinogen), and methanol (a highly toxic compound).
Gasoline can be harmful to your health through skin contact, skin absorption,
inhalation, or ingestion. The first symptoms of poisoning include flushing,
slurred speech, staggering, and confusion. Overexposure may result in coma and
death. Antioxidants added to keep gasoline from decomposing and forming resins
can cause burns to skin and eyes.
Use: Never smoke around gasoline. Keep the lid on the can when not in use. Never
siphon gasoline using the mouth because chemical pneumonia may result.
Do not:
* use leaded gasoline for camp fuel
* use gasoline to start brush fires or wood stoves
* use any type of gasoline to clean paint or grease from your body (use soap or
detergent and water or massage with a few drops of baby oil, butter or
margarine, wipe dry, and wash with soap and water).
When handling gasoline wear NBR rubber, nitrile, or polyvinyl chloride gloves
and thoroughly wash your hands before eating or smoking. Avoid breathing vapors.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children and pets. Store in an approved safety
container in a garage or outbuilding with good ventilation. If you have a water
heater, furnace, or other source of ignition in your garage, it may not be a
safe place to store your gasoline. Keep away from heat, flame, and sources of
ignition. Do not completely fill the container - gasoline needs room to expand.
While it is a good idea to carry an emply gasoline can in the car, do not keep
the can filled with gasoline; the gasoline could explode upon impact.
Disposal: Generally, disposal of gasoline is no problem because it will be used
up in an engine. However, dirty or contaminated gasoline cannot be burned in
engines and must be saved for disposal by a licensed hazardous waste contractor
or through a professional household hazardous waste collection program. For this
reason, and health reasons, do not use gasoline as a cleaner or solvent. Never
mix gasoline with waste oil. This would produce a highly flammable mixture.
×
KEROSENE & DIESEL FUEL
Both kerosene and diesel fuel are flammable and are petroleum distillate
products. Kerosene is used in lamps, domestic heaters or furnaces, jet engine
fuel, and as a solvent for greases and pesticides. Diesel fuel has a higher
boiling point than kerosene and is used to power diesel engines.
Kerosene and diesel fuel can damage your health through inhalation, ingestion,
and skin contact and absorption. The first symptoms of poisoning include
confusion, restlessness, and tremors. Overexposure can lead to central nervous
depression with symptoms of inebriation. This may be followed by nausea and
headache and may eventually lead to coma and death. Aspiration of fluid into the
lungs can occur during ingestion and vomiting. This may result in chemical
pneumonia and lung lesions. Ingestion of kerosene is a special problem since it
is frequently improperly stored in food containers (such as soda pop bottles)
and then swallowed by children.
Use: Never smoke around kerosene or diesel fuel. Keep the lid on when not in
use. Do not use kerosene or diesel fuel to clean paint or grease from your body
(use detergent and water instead or massage with a few drops of baby oil, butter
or margarine, wipe dry, and wash with soap and water). Always wear protective
gloves and wash your hands and exposed body parts before eating or smoking.
Avoid breathing fumes.
If using a kerosene heater, provide adequate ventilation to remove combustion
pollutants, such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Use only low sulfur 1-K
grade fuel in kerosene space heaters. Never use home heating oil or other fuels.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children and pets. Store in an approved safety
container in a garage or outbuilding with good ventilation. If you have a water
heater, furnace, or other sources of ignition in your garage, it may not be a
safe place to store kerosene or diesel fuel. Keep away from heat, flame, and
sources of ignition. Do not completely fill the container; kerosene and diesel
fuel need room to expand.
Disposal: There is usually little need to dispose of kerosene or diesel fuel
since it can normally be used. However, kerosene or diesel fuel that has been
contaminated or dirtied cannot be used and must be saved for disposal by a
licensed hazardous waste collector or through a professional household hazardous
waste collection program.
×
MOTOR OIL
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects HEAVY METALS Cause nerve and kidney
damage, suspected carcinogen HYDROCARBONS Some forms are carcinogenic
Motor oil is a petroleum distillate product composed of 75% mineral oil, 20%
oxidation inhibitors and detergents, and 5% pour depressants and viscosity
improvers. Used or waste motor oil is often contaminated with lead outside the
United States (from gasoline), magnesium, copper, zinc, and other heavy metals
which are picked up from the engine.
Used motor oil can present a threat to health through skin contact, skin
absorption, inhalation, or ingestion. Many of the problems associated with used
motor oil are due to exposure to the heavy metals. These health problems are
cumulative, so with each exposure to used motor oil the amount of heavy metals
added to the body's system increases.
Used motor oil poses a very serious threat to the environment when disposed of
improperly. Just one gallon of motor oil can pollute one million gallons of
water and can form an oil slick nearly 8 acres in size!
Use: Wear protective gloves.
Storage: Store away from children and sources of ignition. Place used motor oil
in a labeled container with a tight-fitting lid (a plastic milk jug with a
tight-fitting cap works well).
Disposal: Please follow these directions to avoid harming our environment and
groundwater:
* Recycle used motor oil! Take used motor oil to a used motor oil collection
center.
* Do not put used motor oil in the trash. Throwing it away is harmful to the
environment and not a good use of this valuable resource.
* Do not pour used motor oil on the ground or down storm sewers, spray it on
roads, or allow your car to leak oil.
* Do not burn used motor oil. When used motor oil is burned (for example, when
dumped on a brush pile) the heavy metals quickly adsorb onto surrounding soil
particles and contaminate the ground. In addition, when used motor oil is
burned, heavy metals and other contaminants can be released into the air,
which may cause serious health and environmental problems.
×
PETROLEUM
Petroleum, a thick natural oil obtained from beneath the earth, consists of
various hydrocarbons, a class of chemicals containing hydrogens and carbons.
Petroleum distillates, also called hydrocarbons or petrochemicals, refer to a
broad range of compounds which are extracted by distillation during the refining
of crude oil. During the fractional distillation of petroleum, crude oil is
heated to allow various compounds to turn from liquid into gas and then captured
as they rise, cool, and condense. Lighter, more volatile compounds rise higher
before they condense and are collected on distillation trays. Heavier, less
volatile compounds such as diesel fuel and oil are collected on lower
distillation trays. Waxes and asphalts are collected from the bottom after the
other products have volatilized.
Petroleum distillates are found in a wide variety of consumer-products including
lip gloss, liquid gas, fertilizer, furniture polish, pesticides, plastics, paint
thinners, solvents, motor oil, fuels and hundreds of other products. Petroleum
distillates listed commonly on labels of general household products are those
that distill off around naphthas. Petroleum jelly, a petroleum distillate
product, is generally regarded as nontoxic.
Petroleum distillates contain both aromatic hydrocarbons (carbon rings) and
aliphatic hydrocarbons (straight carbon chains). The chemical structure of the
hydrocarbon largely defines the nature and behavior of these compounds. Aromatic
hydrocarbons are the most toxic compounds found in petroleum products. These
aromatic compounds are found in all crude oils and most petroleum products. Many
aromatic hydrocarbons have a pleasant odor and include such substances as
naphthalene, xylene, toluene, and benzene. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are flammable
and may be explosively flammable. Aliphatic hydrocarbons include methane,
propane, and kerosene.
Aliphatics and aromatics pose a special health risk if ingested and vomited.
When swallowed, the lighter, more volatile distillate products can be sucked
into the lungs interfering with the lung's functions and chemical pneumonia may
result. Aspiration of fluid into the lungs can occur both during swallowing and
vomiting of the product. Upon skin contact, petroleum distillates can produce
local skin irritation and sensitivity to light in some individuals.
Environmentally, many of the petroleum distillate products add to smog and water
pollution due to improper disposal or during their manufacture and use.
Products which contain petroleum distillates should be used carefully. Wear
gloves to avoid skin contact and avoid breathing vapors of volatile compounds.
Always keep petroleum distillate products out of reach of children. Do not mix
different petroleum distillate products. Refer to the specific petroleum
distillate product listed in this guide for safe use, storage, and disposal
information.
×
WINDSHIELD WIPER SOLUTION
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects METHANOL Damages the nervous system,
liver, kidneys, inhalation can lead to lung disease, ingestion can cause
blindness ETHYLENE GLYCOL Poisons animals who are attracted to the sweet smell;
can cause damage to internal organs through skin absorption; inhalation can
cause dizziness ISOPROPANOL Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion results in
drowsiness, unconsciousness and death
Windshield wiper solution contains methanol (37%-100%), detergent, and water.
Due to its hazardous nature, windshield wiper solution is required to have a
child-proof safety cap. The most toxic windshield wiper solutions contain 100%
methanol. For health and environmental effects associated with this products
please refer to methanol.
Use: Avoid skin contact and inhalation. Wear gloves when adding windshield wiper
fluid to your car.
Storage: Store away from children and pets. Make sure safety cap is on securely.
Disposal: If the windshield wiper solvent contains methanol the product should
be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste handler or through a household
hazardous waste collection. To avoid this disposal dilemma, it is best to get
rid of this product by using it up as intended. To dispose of unwanted fluid
that does not contain methanol, small quantities can be flushed down the drain
with plenty of water if your drain is hooked up to a sanitary sewer system. If
you use a septic tank or lagoon, ask a friend, relative, or neighbor to use
their drain to dispose of your unwanted windshield wiper solvent. Disposal of
this product down a drain connected to the septic system can overwhelm the
microorganisms and result in damage to the system.
×
AMMUNITION
The primary danger associated with ammunition is accidental discharge,
especially when children of any age view ammunition as something to play with.
For example, pounding on a bullet with a hammer to break it open and see what is
inside or throwing ammunition into a fire can lead to accidental discharge.
Use: Treat weapons with respect. Be certain that the ammunition used is the
proper size for the firearm.
Storage: Keep away from children. Store in a cool, dry place away from heat or
flame.
Disposal: Call your local Fire Department or Sheriff's office. They may be able
to collect and properly dispose of your unwanted ammunition and fireworks.
×
ARTS & CRAFTS
The "Labeling of Hazardous Art Materials Act" of 1988 required that any art and
craft materials that present a chronic hazard bear a WARNING statement of the
hazard, and an additional warning that it is inappropriate for use by children.
The Law directed the Consumer Product Safety Commission to set guidelines
determining whether arts and crafts present chronic long-term hazards to both
adults and children. All arts and crafts materials must identify the hazardous
ingredients, provide guidelines for safe use, identify that the product complies
with Federal law, and provide a telephone number for the consumer to request
additional information. This information must appear on the label, the
packaging, or the display for the product. Although this law has been in effect
for nearly ten years, there are still products on the market, especially
imported art products, which are not in compliance.
Permanent felt-tip markers, rubber cement, spray fixatives, powdered clay, and
instant papier-mache are standard arts and crafts supplies found in many homes.
All of these materials contain chemicals that are hazardous if inhaled,
absorbed, or swallowed. Children are especially prone to mishandling, chewing,
sucking, inhaling, or swallowing art materials and decorating their hands and
faces with them.
The Arts & Crafts Materials Institute has successfully sponsored a certification
program, certifying that products are nontoxic and meet quality and performance
standards. Products in their certification program which have earned the CP
(certified product) or AP (approved product) seal include crayons, water colors,
tempera colors, finger paints, chalks, modeling materials, block printing inks
and media, drawing inks and media, etching inks and media, screen printing inks
and media, school pastes and adhesives, acrylic and oil paints and media,
marking crayons, and other art materials. Products bearing the AP seal are
nontoxic even if ingested. Those bearing the CP seal are nontoxic even if
ingested and meet or exceed specific quality standards of material, workmanship,
working qualities, and color. Products without these seals but which state they
are "nontoxic" indicate only that the product is not acutely toxic and may still
make a person sick if swallowed.
An excellent source on toxic arts and crafts information is a data sheet
entitled "Children's Art Supplies Can Be Toxic," published by the Center for
Occupational Hazards. To obtain a copy, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope
with your request to 5 Beekman Street, New York, NY 10038.
Use: Carefully read labels to identify products which are certified and approved
by the Arts and Crafts Materials Institute. A list of these products can be
obtained from the Institute, free of charge, by sending a self addressed,
stamped envelope and request to 715 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116.
Refrain from eating or drinking while using these products and wash your hands
thoroughly when finished.
Alternatives: In order to choose safe art supplies to keep at home, for school
projects, or just for fun, consider the following tips:
Avoid Substitute ... powdered tempera paints, pastels, chalks, or dry markers
that create dust ... natural dyes, such as dyes made from vegetables, onions
skins, tea, flowers, and other food dyes ... instant paper-mache (may contain
asbestos fibers and lead from pigments in colored printing inks) ... paper-mache
made from black-and-white newspaper and library paste, white paste, or flour and
water paste ... aerosol sprays ... brushes and water-based paints in splatter
techniques ... oil-based paints, turpentine, benzene, toluene, and rubber cement
and its thinner ... water-based paints, glues, inks, etc.
×
ASBESTOS
Asbestos is a naturally occurring group of minerals that are flexible, fire
resistant, and virtually indestructible. Many hundreds of products contain
asbestos fibers. Some general categories are insulation, asbestos cements,
fireproofing, fireproof clothing, floor tiles, pipes, brake and clutch linings,
pot holders, ironing board pads, hair dryers, and textured paints. In the recent
past, some uses have been banned: spraying asbestos-containing materials (1973);
certain pipe coverings (1975); some patching compounds and artificial fireplace
logs (1977); spray-on asbestos decorations (1978); and hair dryers containing
asbestos (1979).
In most products, asbestos is combined with a binding material. However, if the
tiny asbestos fibers do become airborne and inhaled, they can remain in the
lungs and may cause severe health problems that do not appear until many years
later. There is no known safe exposure level to asbestos. Asbestos toxicity
surfaces only after a long latent period. The respiratory tract is the usual
target organ.
Do not dust, sweep, or vacuum particles suspected of containing asbestos. This
will disturb tiny asbestos fibers, causing them to become airborne and easily
inhaled.
Products containing asbestos are not often labeled as such. For information on
whether a product contains asbestos, contact the manufacturer, ask people who
have worked with asbestos (such as asbestos handlers, plumbers, building
contractors, or heating contractors), or contact the United States Consumer
Product Safety Commission (CPSC, 1-800-638-2772).
Any material containing asbestos should not be disturbed unless necessary. If
you think a product contains asbestos and you must disturb it, find a contractor
trained in safe procedures for handling asbestos.
For further information concerning asbestos, contact the CPSC, American Lung
Association or your local office of the State Department of Health.
×
GLUES & ADHESIVES
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects NAPHTHALENE Damages liver, prolonged
vapor exposure has led to cataract formation PHENOL Central nervous system
depressant, severely affects circulatory system, corrosive to skin; suspected
carcinogen ETHANOL Ingestion causes intoxication; additives are poisonous VINYL
CHLORIDE Causes liver dysfunction, suspected carcinogen FORMALDEHYDE Suspected
carcinogen and a strong irritant to the eyes, throat, skin and lungs
ACRYLONITRILE Damages liver and blood, can cause shock
Glues, rubber cement, epoxy, and other adhesives contain a solvent which, when
applied, evaporates out leaving the solid adhesive portion behind. Rubber
cement, epoxy, instant glues, model glues, and plastic adhesives contains five
dangerous solvents. Many adhesives are extremely flammable. Some adhesives are
skin and lung irritants and allergy-sensitizers while others can cause burns to
skin and eyes. Many of the solvents used in adhesives and glues have narcotic,
possibly fatal, effects when inhaled in high concentrations. Inhalation of fumes
from cured epoxy resins may result in coughing and bronchial spasms for several
days.
Instant glues contain small amounts of solvent which rapidly dissolve. This
product is considered to be of low toxicity, but there are other concerns to be
noted. Instant glues bond so rapidly and strongly that the least sloppiness can
result in an undesirable and sometimes dangerous situation. A drop of glue on
the finger followed by a touch to the eye can end with a semi-permanent finger
in the eye (which will release in less than 24 hours). The safest glues on the
market are white glue, library paste, yellow wood glue, and glue sticks. White
glue effectively bonds most porous and semi-porous materials such as paper,
cloth, wood, and pottery. White glue can also be used for big jobs such as
laying hardwood floors.
Use: Use white glue, glue sticks, or yellow glue when ever possible. Never use
toxic adhesives on laminated cutting boards, bowls, or a product which contacts
food. Carefully read the label. Wear protective gloves with adhesives and
cements. If the glue contains solvents, use only in a well ventilated area with
plenty of fresh air. Avoid wearing soft contacts, which may absorb solvent
vapors. If the adhesive is flammable be certain to extinguish sources of
ignition (such as pilot lights) if you will be using a large quantity of the
solvent in a room where a source of flame is located. Keep the lid tightly
closed when the glue is not in use.
Storage: Store away from children and sources of flame. Make sure cap or lid is
tightly secured.
Disposal: The best way to avoid a waste disposal problem is to use it up as
intended. If the adhesive or glue is anything other than instant, white, or
yellow glue, it is recommended that this product be disposed of by a licensed
hazardous waste handler or saved for a house hold hazardous waste collection.
However, if the glue or adhesive has hardened, it may be thrown in the trash
destined for the landfill.
×
MOTHBALLS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PARADICHLOROBENZENE Vapor irritates skin,
eyes and respiratory tract; large doses can cause injury to liver; suspected
carcinogen NAPHTHALENE Damages liver, prolonged vapor exposure has led to
cataract formation
Mothballs are a distinctive smelling, volatile solid used to repel moths.
Mothballs, which are classified as a pesticide, may look like candy to a child.
They are poisonous when eaten and seizures can develop in less than one hour.
Mothballs contain 100% of either naphthalene or paradichlorobenzene. Both of
these ingredients can produce harmful effects when they enter your system
through inhalation. Irritation to nose, throat, and lungs, headache, confusion,
excitement or depression, and liver and kidney damage can result from exposure
to mothball vapors over a long period of time.
Mothballs containing naphthalene are of special concern because naphthalene can
promote a breakdown of red blood cells resulting in hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic
anemia in mild form may cause only fatigue. In more severe cases, it can cause
acute kidney failure. Young children are at particular risk. Poisonings have
been reported following dressing infants in clothing that was stored with
naphthalene mothballs, suggesting that absorption of naphthalene may occur
through the skin.
The warning label on mothball products reads "avoid prolonged breathing of
vapors." This label is at odds with the normal use of mothballs. By the very
nature of their ingredients, mothballs give off strong odors (vapors which you
can smell). These vapors tend to fill the entire home, making it nearly
impossible to avoid prolonged breathing of vapors unless you live outdoors. The
situation is complicated further when mothballs are placed in closets or rooms
with poor ventilation, where the vapors build to high concentrations. Vapors are
absorbed by clothes, blankets, and sheets resulting in direct exposure when you
are around these items.
Use: Avoid these products. If you do use mothballs, use them sparingly.
Mothballs which contain paradichlorobenzene may be safer, if only because they
do not promote hemolytic anemia.
Storage: Store away from children and pets in a well ventilated area. Mothballs,
if stored indoors, should be tightly wrapped in two plastic bags.
Disposal: Mothballs should be taken to a licensed hazardous waste handler or
saved for a professional household hazardous waste collection program.
×
PAINT
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ORGANIC SOLVENT Irritating to eyes and
skin, can cause cracking of skin and depression of nervous system
The typical paint mixture is 5-25% pigment and 75-95% solvent. The type of
pigment and solvent used largely defines the toxicity of the paint. Paints may
become hazardous if fumes are inhaled or if paint is ingested. Another hazard
associated with some paints is flammability. The label should state whether or
not the paint you are using is flammable.
With the exception of latex paint, which has water as a solvent, solvents
commonly used in paints include mineral spirits (naphtha), toluene, xylene, and
other petroleum distillate solvents. These solvents can irritate your eyes,
skin, and lungs. Inhaling paint fumes can result in headaches, nausea,
dizziness, and fatigue. Toxic fumes can accumulate in closed spaces and areas
with poor ventilation. Acute and chronic symptoms include muscle weakness, liver
and kidney damage, and respiratory problems. Due to the high solvent content of
oil-based paints and varnishes, women should avoid using these products while
pregnant.
Indoor water-soluble latex paints may be of low toxicity unless ingested in
large quantities. Exterior latex paint may contain a mercury pesticide to
provide mildew resistance which could be highly toxic if ingested.
Use: If possible, use latex paint rather than oil-based or other paints that
require a solvent to clean up. Not only will you eliminate the hazards from the
solvents in the paint, you will eliminate the need to use additional solvents to
clean brushes. Wear protective gloves. If you need to clean oil-base paint from
your skin, massage with a few drops of baby oil, butter, or margarine. Wipe dry
and wash with soap and water.
Whenever possible, paint outdoors. When painting inside make sure ventilation is
adequate. Use a fan to direct fumes away from the area where you are working and
to the out-of-doors. Take plenty of fresh air breaks. Do not place flammable
paints near flames, sources of sparks, or areas of intense heat. Never smoke
around paints or while painting.
Your paint is usable if it will mix up when stirred. Oil paint can be usable for
up to 15 years. Latex paint is usable if it is less than 10 years old and has
not been repeatedly frozen and thawed. To see if your latex paint is still
usable after being frozen, brush it onto newspaper and see if there are lumps.
Paint is not usable if lumpy.
Storage: Seal can tightly when not in use. Keep all paints and paint products
away from children and pets. Store flammable paint away from heat, flame, and
source of ignition. Do not allow paint to freeze.
Disposal: The best way to dispose of paint is to use it up. Some suggestions to
use up old paint are to paint boards, signs, dog and bird houses, or use it as
an under coat for another project. Paint can be recycled if there is more than
one-third gallon of usable paint and the paint is in the original can with a
legible label. If you have useable recyclable paint and you cannot use it,
recycle it by giving the paint to someone who can use it, such as friends,
neighbors, schools, and theater groups.
If your paint has completely dried inside the paint can, can be placed in the
trash destined for the sanitary landfill. If you have liquid paint which cannot
be used or recycled, secure and hold for a professional household hazardous
waste collection or give to a licensed hazardous waste handler.
×
PAINT THINNER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects TOLUENE Produces headaches, nausea,
narcosis, central nervous system depression TURPENTINE Irritant and skin
allergen; vapors cause headache, confusion, respiratory distress ETHYL ACETATE
Irritating to eyes, nose, and throat; anesthetic effects MINERAL SPIRITS
Irritates skin, eyes, respiratory tract; narcotic; flammable
Turpentine and mineral spirits are commonly used in thinning paints and
varnishes. Both ingredients are flammable and toxic, though mineral spirits are
of lower toxicity. Mineral spirits, a petroleum distillate, can be harmful
through inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion. Contact and inhalation
can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, dizziness, and dermatitis. Ingestion
can induce central nervous system depression. Damage to lungs may result if
mineral spirits are swallowed and then vomited.
Turpentine, a sticky mixture of resin and oil obtained from pine trees, is an
irritating substance that can cause tissue death as well as damage to kidneys.
Intoxication from vapors produces central nervous system depression with
possible symptoms of headache, nausea, confusion and disturbed vision. Continued
inhalation of vapors can cause a predisposition to pneumonia and chronic kidney
inflammation. Vapors even in low concentrations can irritate eyes, nose, and
throat.
Use: Wear a respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and protective gloves.
Use paint thinners only if ventilation is adequate and take plenty of fresh air
breaks. If skin contact occurs, wash the area immediately with soap and water.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children. Store in a well-ventilated area away
from flames and sources of ignition.
Disposal: Dirty paint thinner can easily be recycled at home for reuse. Pour the
dirty paint thinner into a clearly labeled container with a good seal. Plastic
jugs such as milk jugs may not be strong enough to withstand the vapor pressure
in a warm environment. Glass jars work well but never use a beverage container
because it can be easily mistaken for something to drink. Clearly label the
container with the type of solvent and the date. Draw or write a clearly visible
warning (such as a skull and crossbones or the word Danger). Store it away from
sources of sparks for several weeks to months until the paint sludge settles on
the bottom. Carefully pour the clean solvent off the top. This solvent can be
reused. Allow the remaining paint sludge to dry completely in a well-ventilated
area, outside of your home and away from pets and children. When all of the
liquids have evaporated, the hardened sludge can be discarded in the trash.
Small amounts of dirty paint solvent can be poured into a paint can of the same
color and mixed well. This thinned paint can then be used for a second coat or
another project. The best way to get rid of left over paint thinners is to use
them as intended or find someone else who will. Unwanted portions of mineral
licensed hazardous waste handler or a professional household hazardous waste
collection.
×
PAINT & VARNISH REMOVER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects BENZENE Destroys ability to produce blood
cells, can cause leukemia; flammable; carcinogen METHYLENE CHLORIDE Suspected
carcinogen; vapors cause carbon monoxide accumulation in blood TOLUENE Produces
headache, nausea, narcosis, central nervous system depression PHENOL Central
nervous system depression; severely affects circulatory system; corrosive to
skin; suspected carcinogen CRESOL Corrosive to tissue, damages liver, kidneys,
lungs, pancreas and spleen
There are a variety of different formulations for products that remove paint and
varnish (also called paint and varnish strippers). Most paint and varnish images
contain organic solvents which are hazardous to human health. Most are highly
flammable. Some nonflammable products will produce a toxic gas when in contact
with flame. Paint and varnish images may contain some of these hazardous
ingredients: acetone, benzene, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, methylene chloride,
petroleum distillates, toluene, trichloroethane, and xylene. Although not
presently used in paint and varnish images, benzene, a known human carcinogen,
was an ingredient in older products.
Hazardous ingredients in paint and varnish images can harm your body through
skin contact, skin absorption, ingestion, and inhalation. A common ingredient,
methylene chloride, is a powerful narcotic which break down in the body to form
carbon monoxide, potentially resulting in oxygen deprivation. The use of paint
and varnish images containing methylene chloride by people with heart conditions
has resulted in fatal heart attacks. Methylene chloride is also a known animal
carcinogen and a suspected human carcinogen. See the specific ingredients in
this section for additional information on the hazards associated with paint and
varnish images.
Use: Never use paint and varnish images containing benzene. If you have a heart
condition, do not use products containing methylene chloride. Follow label
directions carefully. Do not smoke while using these products. Do not use paint
and varnish images near flames, sparks, sources of ignition, or areas of intense
heat. Beware of using paint and varnish images when the gas furnace is
operating. The vapors may destroy your furnace by corrosion and the pilot light
can ignite the vapors which will then explode.
Wear protective gloves and safety goggles. Work outdoors and in the shade. If
you must work indoors, be sure to have adequate ventilation. Take plenty of
fresh air breaks. If you can smell the product, you are inhaling the solvents
and should wear an approved respirator with an organic solvent cartridge. Never
use paint and varnish remover to clean your hands. (To remove oil-based paint
from skin, massage with a few drops of baby oil, butter, or margarine. Wipe dry
and wash with soap and water.) When through working, wash your hands and all
exposed skin thoroughly before eating and drinking. When you are finished for
the day, place solvent-covered rags and newspapers into a metal container with a
lid and place the container outside of the house. Place the container beside
your household trash for pick-up.
Storage: Store out of reach of children and pets in a cool, dry, well-ventilated
area. Keep containers tightly closed. Keep away from sources of sparks,
ignition, and flame.
Disposal: The best way to dispose of leftover paint and varnish remover is to
use it up as intended or find someone who will use it up. If you cannot find a
donation outlet for the paint and varnish remover or if it contains benzene,
store and hold the product for a professional household hazardous waste
collection or give it to a licensed hazardous waste handler for disposal.
×
PLASTICS
GENERAL
Plastics are materials with a high degree of utility and many safe household
uses. They can take the place of other materials that may have more harmful
relative impacts. Some plastics, however, are associated with dangers in the
manufacturing process, when misused and on other occasions: over their entire
lifecycle from manufacture to ultimate disposal. They also comprise a
significant fraction o f the entire municipal waste stream.
For these reasons the principals of source reduction, reuse and recycling are
just as valid for plastics as for other waste products.
GENERAL COMPOSITION
Plastic is made from fractions of natural gas or crude oil changed chemically
into solid form. There are two basic types of plastic: thermosetting and
thermoplastics. Thermosetting plastics are set to a permanent shape and cannot
be softened. These plastics are used primarily for multiple use items, such as
dishes and furniture. Thermoplastics are soft when exposed to heat and pressure
and harden when cooled. Thermoplastics are the most common type of plastic and
are used to make a variety of products.
Following is a list of some of the most common types of thermoplastics, along
with their recycling code # (the number that appears in the triangle on the
bottom), and their common uses.
Recycling Code Plastic Type Common Uses #1 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE)
soft drink containers #2 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) milk crates
milk jugs and beverage bottles
soft plastic margarine tubs #3 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) auto parts
inflatable toys
insulation
pipes
phonograph records
shampoo bottles
shower curtains
some food containers #4 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) trash bags and other
films #5 Polypropylene
auto parts
housewares
pipes
screw-on caps
toys
yogurt and margarine tubs
#6 Polystyrene hot food containers
packing materials
plastic utensils
wall tiles
GENERAL IMPACTS
While plastics have many practical applications and safe household uses, there
are some hazards to plastics that merit their inclusion in the Virtual House
website. These are the environmental and health impacts throughout the lifecycle
of plastics -- from manufacture to use to ultimate disposal.
Plastics are a significant component of the overall waste stream. In 1998 they
comprised 10.2% by weight and 24 % by volume (USEPA, Polystyrene Packaging
Council). They comprise about 6 percent of all litter.
Plastics do not degrade readily. They never totally biodegrade in the
environment because their content is not digestible by microorganisms. If they
are not picked up by highway workers or volunteers, then they are moved by air
and water or accumulate in low areas, waterways, and along fences.
Plastic litter is itself a danger to wildlife. It can kill or injure animals
though entanglement in discarded fishing lines, 6-pack rings, and packing bands;
or through ingestion of plastic that was mistaken for food.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOXIC IMPACTS AND FDA ROLE
Toxic chemicals are used in the manufacture of plastics. These chemicals include
benzene, cadmium compounds, carbon tetrachloride, chromium oxide, diazomethane,
lead compounds, styrene, and vinyl chloride.
According to the federal Food and Drug Administration, 55% of all packaging made
in the U.S. is for food, with plastics replacing other materials with increasing
frequency. While FDA monitors plastics used in food packaging, it has no
regulatory authority over plastics with "prior sanction," meaning those that
were determined to be safe for use before 1958 (FDA Consumer, 1991).
The most immediate FDA regulatory contact for plastics in food packaging is:
Ms. Hortense L. Macon
Indirect Additives Branch
Division for Petition Control
Office of Premarket Approval
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
200 C Street S.W.
Washington DC 20204
Phone: (202) 418-3086
Fax: (202) 418-3131
E-mail: HMACON@CFSAN.FDA.GOV
A recent concern regarding plastic consumer products is connected to phthalates,
chemicals used to soften plastics and widely used in plastic toys and children's
products. Laboratory experiments have linked phthalates to liver and kidney
damage, and tumors. In 1998, the Consumer Product Safety Commission requested
that manufacturers remove phthalates from products that children are likely to
chew and mouth -- such as nipples, pacifiers, teethers, and soft rattles. Most
manufacturers were expected to comply with this request by 1999. To check
whether a specific toy contain phthalates, contact the Consumer Product Safety
Commission at http://www.cpsc.gov.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REASONABLE RESPONSES
For the reasons stated previously, it important to make careful and sparing use
of plastics. The familiar pattern of reduce, reuse and recycle is important.
1. Reduce the Source
You can reduce plastic use within your home by:
* Requesting paper bags at the supermarket.
* Requesting paper containers at stores that serve food and beverages in
plastic foam.
* Buy products packaged in recyclable materials (such as: aluminum, paper,
and glass)
* Avoid products with multi-layer packaging and support restrictions on such
products.
* Consider carefully the economic and environmental tradeoffs associated
with the useof disposable diapers.
2. Reuse
You can reuse plastic (or paper) many times.
3. Recycle
You can recycle plastic by:
* Finding a collection or recycling operation that will accept your plastic.
* Holding plastic drives as part of community paper drives.
* Supporting bottle-bill legislation that taxes or requires deposits on
plastic containers.
Plastic recycling has grown significantly in quantity and impact. The annual
amount of post-consumer plastic has increased at least sixfold since 1990: to
1.45 million pounds in 1998. This is, however still less than 10% of total
annual plastic output; it is estimated that at least 80% of all thermoplastics
could be melted down and made into new products.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES ON INCINERATION AND DECOMPOSITION
Incineration is one way to reduce the volume of plastics headed for the
landfill. When burned, plastics release more energy than other municipal wastes.
When burned in a municipal incinerator, plastics release more energy than other
municipal wastes. However, they also contribute many pollutants, including heavy
metals (e.g. cadmium, lead) to the incinerator's ash and air emissions. The
incineration of PVC releases highly corrosive hydrochloric acid, which
contributes to acid rain and may lead to the formation of dioxins in the
environment. In addition, the energy value of PET plastic bottles is about
11,000 BTUs per pound. However it takes about 49,000 BTUs to produce one pound
of PET. So even ignoring potential pollution, burning plastic as fuel is not
efficient.
We know now that nothing breaks down very quickly in the anaerobic conditions of
a landfill, so plastics are expected to remain in landfills unchanged for
hundreds of years. There is some evidence of decomposition, however. Phthalates
are hazardous substances widely used in plastics manufacture. One of these
phthalates (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) has been discovered in many leachate
samples, leading researchers to believe that the chemicals are leaching from
plastics buried in the landfill.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
Plastics, metals, and glass make up the bulk of the non-organic portion of the
municipal solid waste stream. Plastics contribute to the volume of non-organic
materials in landfills that are not easily degradeable. However, some companies
have been researching and have made considerable progress toward the manufacture
of plastics using plants as the raw materials, instead of nonrenewable
petroleum. These plastics would degrade in a compost environment. In addition,
some plastic products have been manufactured to be susceptible to
photodegradation (degradation due to sunlight). Photodegradable plastics are
primarily used in items like six pack rings that are often littered and may pose
a threat to wildlife.
The potential for all wastes in landfills to decay may be slower than in the
environment. Municipal solid waste landfills today are designed to stay dry in
order to reduce the production of leachate and prevent groundwater
contamination. There is some pilot testing and research of a different kind of
landfill, called a bioreactor. In a bioreactor landfill, liquids are added in
order to speed up decomposition so that the landfill will reach stability
earlier than in a dry environment.
Marie Steinwachs, Office of Waste Management, University of Missouri Outreach
and Extension.
×
RODENT KILLER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects WARFARIN Causes internal bleeding if
ingested in large amounts; toxic to fish
×
SMOKE DETECTORS
Smoke detectors are important for early detection of fires. There are two types
of smoke detectors: photoelectric, which detects only visible products of
combustion, and ionizing, which detects both the visible and invisible products
of combustion. Ionizing (or ion chamber) smoke detectors contain a very small
amount of radioactive material, Americium-241 (Am-241). Am-241 has a half life
of 458 years and emits alpha particles. The ionizing smoke detector is
constructed so that to gain access to the radioactive sections would require the
complete destruction of the smoke detector. The best way to dispose of an
ionizing smoke detector is to return it to the manufacturer. The photoelectric
smoke detector can be disposed of in the trash.
×
AEROSOLS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS When released into
the air, destroys the ozone layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. No longer
used in aerosol products manufactured in the USA.
Aerosol sprays (e.g., furniture polish, deodorant, and air freshener) contain an
active ingredient and a liquid or gaseous propellant that is packed under at
least 40 pounds of pressure per square inch. These pressurized aerosol
containers are explosive and may be flammable. The actual product propelled by
the aerosol, such as some oven cleaners, can be corrosive or poisonous,
therefore requiring great care.
Aerosol sprays should be used with care. The fine particles emitted from aerosol
sprays are easily breathed deeply into the lungs and quickly absorbed into the
bloodstream. Thus, a chemical that is harmless to your skin may become extremely
dangerous if inhaled as a mist. Acute symptoms include headache, nausea,
dizziness, shortness of breath, eye and throat irritation, skin rash, burns,
lung inflammation, and liver damage. If spray is misdirected, chemical burns and
eye injury can also occur. Intentionally inhaling aerosol gases for kicks,
sometimes called "sniffing" or "huffing," has resulted in the death of several
young Americans.
An aerosol container should never be heated significantly above room temperature
because it can explode. Storage of cans in direct sunlight, car trunks, and near
furnaces, stoves, and ovens can result in explosion. When heated, aerosol gases
can turn into toxic gases including fluorine, chlorine, chloride or hydrogen
fluoride, or phosgene (military nerve gas). Breathing these vapors can be very
harmful to you.
Significant environmental impact from aerosol sprays led to alterations in their
design. Several of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that have been used in aerosol
sprays in the past reacted with and reduced the ozone layer in the upper
atmosphere. Reduction in the ozone layer and the resulting rise in ultraviolet
radiation reaching the earth can result in increased rates of skin aging, eye
damage, and Vitamin D poisoning. Before buying or using aerosol sprays, weigh
their convenience against their potential health and environmental hazards.
Use: Consider alternatives to aerosol sprays, including alternative methods of
application. If you are using an aerosol spray, try not to breathe the released
particles; stand out of the way of the mist and make certain the mist is being
blown away from you. (An exception to this advice is for bronchial or asthma
medication dispensed by aerosol spray.)
Storage: Do not store near heat or flames. Keep away from children.
Disposal: If the aerosol can is empty, dispose of it in the trash bound for the
landfill. Aerosol cans burned in trash barrels can explode, scattering
propellant and product. If ingredients are left in the can the best thing to do
is to use the product up as intended. If you must dispose of an aerosol can that
isn't empty, discharge the contents of the container into a deep cardboard box
outdoors, and allow it to dry. When the can is empty, it and the cardboard box
can be thrown in the trash. If you discharge the contents be very careful: Do
not spray near children, animals, or areas of human contact such as playgrounds
or gardens. Avoid inhaling the vapors.
Alternatives: For the most part, aerosol sprays are no more effective than
pouring, wiping, brushing, or dusting. Try to purchase products in pump spray,
roll-on, liquid, or non-aerosol spray. Spray guns may be desirable in a case
where you want to cover a large surface evenly.
×
DISINFECTANTS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects AMMONIA Fumes irritate eyes and lungs;
can cause burns or rashes on skin; can produce deadly chloramine gas if mixed
with chlorine containing products DETERGENTS Toxic and poisonous to ingest,
causing nausea and in extreme cases - coma CRESOL Corrosive to tissue, damages
liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and spleen LYE Caustic product that burns skin,
can cause blindness PHENOL Central nervous system depression; severely affect
circulatory system; corrosive to skin; suspected carcinogen PINE OIL Irritates
eyes and mucous membranes
Disinfectants are considered pesticides. They reduce some germs and are a
temporary measure at best for making your home "germ free." Skin contact and
vapors can be irritating and corrosive to the respiratory system and skin.
Disinfectants are especially hazardous when dispersed from aerosol cans because
the disinfectant can be easily ingested through the nose and mouth.
Disinfectants may contain one or more of the following hazardous substances:
ammonia, cationic detergents, cresol, lye, phenol, pine oil. Please refer to
these compounds for specific health hazards associated with these ingredients.
Use: Avoid aerosol dispensers. Handle disinfectant with gloves to avoid
corrosive effects and absorption through skin and wear safety goggles. Make sure
ventilation is adequate with plenty of fresh air present. Do not use
disinfectants around food, animals, or children.
Storage: Keep away from children. Store in a well ventilated area.
Disposal: Use up as intended. To dispose of unused or unwanted portions take the
product to a hazardous household waste collection center. If collection is not
available, then flush the product down the drain with plenty of water. If on a
septic tank or lagoon, dispose of small quantities over a number of days.
×
DRAIN CLEANER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects LYE Caustic causing burns to skin and in
severe cases, blindness SULFURIC ACID Corrosive, causes severe skin burns, and
can cause blindness
Chemical drain cleaners (also called drain openers) are extremely corrosive and
dangerous to use. Common ingredients in drain cleaners include lye or sulfuric
acid. These chemicals work by eating away materials, including your skin if it
should come in contact. Likewise, vapors are harmful. If you are on a septic
system, you should know that drain cleaners are hard on your system as they kill
the microbial bacteria which are necessary to the workings of your septic tank.
The use of chemical drain cleaners as a "preventative" measure is not a good
idea. Boiling water or a handful of baking soda and half cup of vinegar poured
down the drain weekly is at least as effective as a chemical drain cleaner and
much, much safer for you and the environment. Also effective, particularly in
preventing clogs, are many brands of enzymatic cleaners.
If you have used a chemical drain cleaner and the clog still exists, Do not try
to clear the drain with a plunger or pressurized drain opener. This would only
invite splashback. Also, do not add other cleaners to the drain following the
use of a commercial drain cleaner. The combination of chemicals can produce
toxic gas or become reactive and blow out of the sink and on to you. If a
chemical drain cleaner has done nothing to help your clog and you still have
standing water, then there is no reasonable choice except to call a professional
to fix the clogged and now contaminated drain. Be sure to tell them what product
was used in the drain so that they may adequately protect themselves.
If a drain cleaner claims to be "noncaustic" or "noncorrosive," it should state
its ingredients. The product may still be poisonous if inhaled in heavy
concentrations or swallowed.
Use: Wear protective gloves and safety goggles. Avoid fumes.
Storage: Store away from children.
Disposal: Use up as intended. Take unused product to a hazardous household waste
collection center. If collection is not available and if you are connected to a
sanitary sewer or municipal sewer treatment, you may dispose of unwanted
portions of drain cleaner by flushing down the drain with plenty of water. If
you are on a septic tank or lagoon, small amounts of drain cleaner may be
flushed with plenty of water over a number of days. It would be best, however,
to ask a friend, relative, or neighbor who is on a sanitary or municipal system
to allow you to use their drain to dispose of your household quantity of drain
cleaner.
×
FLOOR CLEANERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PINE OIL Irritates eyes and mucous
membranes PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Irritates skin, eyes, respiratory tract; may
cause fatal pulmonary edema; flammable NAPHTHAS Inhalation causes drowsiness,
headache, coma and cardiac arrest; irritate eyes, throat and skin
×
HAIR COLOR
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CADMIUM CHLORIDE Fumes irritate eyes,
lungs; can cause burns or rashes on skin COBALT CHLORIDE Irritates mucous
membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death CUPRIC
CHLORIDE Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness,
unconsciousness and death LEAD ACETATE Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion
results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death SILVER NITRATE Irritates mucous
membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death
×
HAIR PERMANENT
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CADMIUM CHLORIDE Fumes irritate eyes,
lungs; can cause burns or rashes on skin COBALT CHLORIDE Irritates mucous
membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death CUPRIC
CHLORIDE Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness,
unconsciousness and death LEAD ACETATE Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion
results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death SILVER NITRATE Irritates mucous
membranes; ingestion results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death
×
HAIR SPRAY
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects AEROSOLS Either associated with brain
damage or highly flammable
×
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid. Common household hydrogen
peroxide contains a 3-5% concentration. It is used as a disinfectant and
deodorizer. However, the benefit is of short duration. In general, ingestion or
skin exposure of small amounts of household hydrogen peroxide will cause no
serious problems. It is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes and
causes a whitish discoloration. Industrial strength hydrogen peroxide used as a
wood or hair bleaching agents (10% concentration H2O2) may result in severe
burns to the skin, throat, and gastrointestinal tract.
Disposal: Unused or unwanted portions of household hydrogen peroxide should
taken to a hazardous household waste collection center. If a collection center
is not available, 3-5 % peroxide solutions can be flushed down the drain. If you
use a septic tank or lagoon, dispose of small quantities over several days. For
information about disposing of 10% peroxide solutions, contact your local fire
department or wastewater treatment plant.
×
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol, is a colorless liquid with a
pleasant odor. It is highly flammable. Isopropyl alcohol is found in alcohol
sponges, cleaning agents, and rubbing alcohol (though some rubbing alcohols
contain ethanol), and is a good disinfectant. Most rubbing alcohol contains 70%
isopropyl alcohol. Poisoning can occur through skin absorption, oral ingestion,
or inhalation. Symptoms from ingestion, inhalation or absorption of large
quantities include flushing, headache, dizziness, mental depression, nausea,
vomiting, anesthesia, and coma. Alcohol baths or sponges to soothe a fever can
lead to acute poisoning through skin absorption or inhalation. Instead, the
Regional Poison Center suggests using tepid water as a sponge bath to fight
fever.
Use: Wear protective gloves when using (see "Household Safety Equipment"). Use
in well-ventilated areas.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children and pets. Make sure lid is tightly
capped. Store away from sources of flame or ignition.
Disposal: Flush down drain with plenty of water. If you have a sewage tank or
lagoon, dispose of small quantities over a number of days.
×
MILDEW REMOVER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PHENOL Central nervous system depression;
severely affect circulatory system; corrosive to skin; suspected carcinogen
KEROSENE Causes lung inflammation; dries skin PENTACHLOROPHENOL Toxic to fetus
and causes birth defects; toxic if inhaled, absorbed or ingested
Borax is an effective mildew remover and short-term preventative.
×
NAIL POLISH
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects TOLUENE Produces headache, nausea,
narcosis, central nervous system depression XYLENE Skin contact causes
dermatitis; vapors are irritating; toxic to blood system of mammals
×
NAIL POLISH REMOVER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ACETONE Toxic if ingested; irritates
lungs, causes nails to become brittle; flammable ETHYL ACETATE Irritating to
eyes, nose and throat; anesthetic effects
×
PHARMACEUTICALS
Pharmaceuticals, which include both prescription medicines and over-the-counter
drugs, can be disposed of easily and safely. The best way to dispose of
pharmaceuticals is to return the unwanted portion to your pharmacist. Many
pharmacists are willing to accept and properly dispose of unwanted
pharmaceuticals. The second best alternative is take the drugs to a hazardous
household collection center. If a collection center is unavailable, many
medicines can be flushed down a toilet connected to a sanitary sewer. NOTE: this
excludes chemotherapy drugs, antineoplastic medicines, and shampoos for head
lice, which should never be disposed of down a toilet.
If you have a septic tank or lagoon, return your unwanted prescriptions to the
pharmacist or take to a household connected to the sanitary sewer. Do not place
pills in the trash where children could possibly try them with dire
consequences.
Unwanted antineoplastic medicines should be returned to the pharmacist where the
drugs were administered or taken to a major hospital for proper disposal. These
drugs are extremely toxic.
Some shampoos for head lice contain the insecticide lindane. Therefore, unwanted
quantities of these shampoos should be held and stored for hazardous waste
collection.
Disposal: Disposable hypodermic syringes and needles are used in many homes to
administer medications such as allergy shots and insulin. Improper disposal of
the needles can injure waste handlers. Dispose of the hypodermic needles by
placing them in a rigid, puncture resistant, leak-proof container. When the
container is full, seal it with duct tape and place the container in the trash
destined for the sanitary landfill.
×
SCOURING POWDER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects BLEACH Fumes highly irritating to eyes
and respiratory tract; causes deadly chloramine gas if mixed with ammonia
Most scouring powders use calcium carbonate as the abrasive, and may contain
chlorine bleach. To prevent the formation of toxic gas, do not use cleansers
containing bleach with other cleaning products such as toilet bowl cleaner, oven
cleaner, or all-purpose cleaners which may contain ammonia. The combination of
bleach and ammonia produces toxic chloramine gas. In sensitive individuals,
scouring powder that contains chlorine may irritate and redden the skin.
Disposal: Use up as intended or give it to someone who can. If unwanted portions
must be disposed of, flush down the drain with plenty of water. However, if on a
septic tank or lagoon, dispose of small quantities over a number of days.
Alternatives: Baking soda or salt can be easily substituted for scouring powder.
Alternative commercial products based upon diatomaceous earth are relatively
safe, effective and non-abrasive. Nylon and other non-metallic scrubbing pads
may also be effective.
×
BLEACH
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CHLORINE Fumes highly irritating to eyes
and respiratory tract; causes deadly chloramine gas if mixed with ammonia
Liquid household chlorine bleaches contain approximately 5% sodium hypochlorite
solution. When properly used, chlorine bleach can be a simple and effective
disinfectant. Chlorine bleach liquid and vapors are irritating to the skin,
eyes, nose, and throat. Dermatitis may result from direct skin contact.
Ingestion can cause esophageal injury, stomach irritation, and prolonged nausea
and vomiting. Bleach, when mixed with acidic substances such as ammonia, toilet
bowl cleaners, drain cleaner, or vinegar, forms toxic gases which can cause
coughing, loss of voice, a feeling of burning and suffocation, and even death.
Do not mix bleach with other cleaners!
Use: Wear protective gloves. Use only in well-ventilated areas with plenty of
fresh air.
Storage: Store in a well-ventilated area and away from children.
Disposal: Use up as intended. To dispose of unwanted portions, flush down the
drain with plenty of water. If you are on a septic tank or lagoon, dispose of
small quantities over a number of days.
Alternatives: For household disinfecting, borax is an option. For bleaching
clothes, oxygen (dry) bleaches work well. If you are sold on chlorine bleach,
reduce the amount of liquid bleach used in your wash and add baking soda as a
booster. For top loaders, add 1⁄2 cup and for front loaders, add 1⁄4 cup of
baking soda. Use 1⁄2 the usual amount of liquid bleach.
×
TOILET CLEANERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects SODIUM BISULFATE Forms sulfuric acid,
which is corrosive, burns skin OXALIC ACID Damages kidney and liver; irritates
eyes and respiratory tract; corrodes mouth and stomach 5-DIMETHYLDANTOIN Forms
hypochlorite in water, which is corrosive to skin and mucous membranes
HYDROCHLORIC ACID Fumes are extremely corrosive; burns skin PHENOL Central
nervous system depression; severely affects circulatory system; corrosive to
skin; suspected carcinogen
×
WINDOW & GLASS CLEANERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects AMMONIA Fumes irritate eyes, lungs; can
cause burns or rashes on skin ISOPROPANOL Irritates mucous membranes; ingestion
results in drowsiness, unconsciousness and death
Window and glass cleaner commonly contains isopropyl alcohol or ammonia, water,
and coloring. It may be mildly irritating to the eyes, skin, nose, and throat.
Use: Always use window and glass cleaners in a well-ventilated area.
Storage: Keep out of reach of children.
Disposal: Unused or unwanted portions of window or glass cleaner should be
flushed down the drain with plenty of water.
×
CARPET CLEANER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PERCHLOROETHYLENE Fumes are carcinogenic
and acutely toxic, cause dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, loss of appetite and
disorientation NAPHTHALENE Damages liver; prolonged vapor exposure has led to
cataract formation
These ingredients are most commonly found in commercial "spot removers", rather
than water-based detergent products or rub-in cleansing powders.
×
DRY CLEANING
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects CARBON TETRACHLORIDE Destructive to
liver, kidney, and central nervous system by inhalation, absorption, skin
contact, or ingestion PERCHLOROETHYLENE Fumes are carcinogenic and acutely
toxic, causing dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, loss of appetite and
disorientation TRICHLOROETHANE Irritating to eyes and nose, can result in
central nervous system depression and kidney damage NAPHTHAS Inhalation causes
drowsiness, headache, coma and cardiac arrest; irritate eyes, throat and skin
BENZENE Destroys ability to produce blood cells, can cause leukemia; flammable;
carcinogen TOLUENE Produces headache, nausea, narcosis, central nervous system
depression
Carbon tetrachloride, now banned from household products, was the favorite
solvent cleaner used in these products. A leading substitute, perchloroethylene
or PERC, is a volatile, nonflammable solvent, that is fatal in large doses.
There is concern over the chronic inhalation of perchloroethylene. The primary
effect from acute and chronic inhalation of vapors is depression of the central
nervous system. Other toxic chemicals often found in spot removing products
include trichloroethane, ethylene dichloride, naphtha, benzene, and toluene. For
specific health effects of these ingredients please refer to the individual
headings. All of these solvents present an inhalation and ingestion hazard. Some
also present a hazard through skin absorption.
Use: Wear nitrile gloves and arrange your work so that the fumes are blowing
away from you. Do not allow children or pets into the room where you are
working. Keep the lid on the fluid product as much as possible to avoid the
solvent from volatilizing and being breathed. If you spill spot remover or
dry-cleaning fluid on your skin, wash it off immediately with soap and water. If
the solvent spills and puddles, absorb it with kitty litter and throw the wet
absorbent material in a trash can outdoors. Never use dry-cleaning fluid or spot
remover in a washing machine or put articles that are damp with solvent in a
dryer. When you bring clothes home that have been dry-cleaned, take the plastic
bag off and allow the clothes to air out well before wearing. When using a dry
cleaning machine, to reduce vapors allow the door to remain ajar for a few
minutes after the operation is complete. The solvent will evaporate quickly.
Remove garments from the machine and allow to cool before handling.
Storage: Store away from heat and flames in a box lined with plastic bags.
Disposal: Currently available means offer no good way to dispose of leftover
dry-cleaning fluid or spot remover. These solvents should be disposed of by a
licensed hazardous waste handler or saved for a professional household hazardous
waste collection. The best way to eliminate a waste problem is to carefully use
up these products as they were intended.
×
FURNITURE CLEANER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Irritate skin,
eyes, respiratory tract; may cause fatal pulmonary edema; flammable OIL OF CEDAR
Central Nervous system depressant; may induce spontaneous abortion
×
FURNITURE POLISH
There are three general types of commercial furniture polish: solvents,
emulsions, and aerosol sprays. Each type contains specific chemicals which aid
in the application of the wax or oil to the furniture surface. Solvent polishes
use a chemical solvent to dissolve the oil or wax into a liquid form. Emulsion
polishes suspend the or wax in a liquid, usually water. Aerosol sprays are
solvents or emulsion types packed under pressure.
Most polishes are flammable. Furniture polish may contain one or more of the
following substances: ammonia, naphtha, nitrobenzene, petroleum distillates, and
phenol.
The health dangers most often associated with furniture polish are inhalation of
fumes or vapors (especially from aerosols) and poisoning from ingestion.
Polishes that look drinkable, like strawberry soda or milk, are especially
tempting to children.
Use: When using furniture polish you should wear gloves, avoid skin contact with
the polish, and provide adequate ventilation. Avoid polishes or stains with
nitrobenzene.
Storage: Store away from children and sources of flame.
Disposal: Unused or unwanted portions of furniture polish which contain
petroleum distillates or nitrobenzene should be held for a hazardous waste
collection rather than disposing of them in the trash. The best way to avoid a
disposal dilemma is to fully and carefully use the product up.
×
SHOE POLISH
Many commercial products contain either trichloroethylene, methylene chloride,
or nitrobenzene. These suspected human carcinogens can be easily absorbed
through your skin.
Use: Wear gloves when polishing or cleaning shoes. After polishing your shoes,
be sure they are dry before wearing. Never wear shoes that are not absolutely
dry if you are drinking and never drink alcoholic beverages while polishing
shoes. The presence of alcohol in the system heightens the toxic effects of
nitrobenzene. When toxic quantities of nitrobenzene are absorbed, the person
shows a bluish tinge in the fingernail beds, lips, ear lobes, and tongue.
Results can be fatal. Unfortunately, most shoe polishes do not list their
ingredients.
Storage: Keep out of reach of children.
Disposal: Use up as intended or give it to someone who will. Take unused
portions to a hazardous household waste collection center. If a collection
center is unavailable, place it in the trash.
×
ALL PURPOSE CLEANERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects AMMONIA Fumes irritate eyes and lungs;
can cause burns or rashes on skin; can produce deadly chloramine gas if mixed
with chlorine containing products ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ACETATE Poisons
animals, who are attracted to sweet smell; can cause damage to internal organs
through skin absorption; inhalation can cause dizziness SODIUM HYPERCHLORITE
Corrosive to skin and mucous membranes; fumes irritating
The ingredients in all-purpose cleaners are a combination of detergents, grease
cutting agents, and possibly solvents and disinfectants. These products may
contain one or more of the following hazardous ingredients: ammonia, ethylene
glycol monobutyl acetate, sodium hypochlorite, and trisodium phosphate.
Depending upon thc ingredients contained in the particular cleaner, they can be
mildly to extremely irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and
corrosive if swallowed. Chronic irritation may occur from repeated use.
Do not mix ammonia-based cleaners with bleach-based cleaners. Hazardous fumes
will result! Cleaners that contain phosphates present a water pollution hazard.
Use: Wear gloves. Make sure that the ventilation is adequate. Do not mix
different cleaners together as toxic fumes may result.
×
ALUMINUM CLEANERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects HYDROFLUORIC ACID Burns skin, damages
muscles and bone
Many aluminum cleaners contain hydrofluoric acid which is extremely corrosive
and toxic. Hydrofluoric acid is extremely dangerous! Upon contact, it destroys
the flesh down to the bone as the fluoride ion continues to act until it is
neutralized by a calcium store. The pain from burns may be delayed for several
minutes to several hours, depending upon concentration. During this time, the
acid in the aluminum cleaner can burn deeply into the tissue, causing severe
burns and possible damage to muscles, ligaments, and bone. Low concentrations in
the eyes can cause intense irritation; high concentrations, immediate blindness.
Use: Do not use products with hydrofluoric acid. If the aluminum cleaner
ingredients are not on the label, you cannot assume hydrofluoric acid is not in
the product. If you are using a product which contains this ingredient, protect
all exposed skin in addition to wearing protective gloves, safety goggles, and a
respirator with an acid gas cartridge.
Storage: Store away from children.
Disposal: If aluminum cleaner is in liquid form take it to a household hazardous
waste collection. If collection is not available, then flush down the drain with
plenty of water. If you are on a septic tank or lagoon, dispose of small
quantities over a number of days. If cleaner is in solid paste form and has
completely hardened, it may then be thrown in the trash destined for the
landfill.
×
AIR FRESHENERS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects FORMALDEHYDE A suspected carcinogen and a
strong irritant to the eyes, throat, skin and lungs PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
Irritates skin, eyes, respiratory tract; may cause fatal pulmonary edema;
flammable P-DICHLOROBENZENE Vapor irritating to skin, eyes and throat, causes
liver damage in animal studies AEROSOL PROPELLANTS Either associated with brain
damage or highly flammable
Air fresheners work in one of the following four ways: by interfering with your
ability to smell by way of a nerve-deadening agent; by coating your nasal
passages with an undetectable oil film; by covering up one smell with another;
and (rarely) by breaking down the offensive odor. Despite their name, air
fresheners do little to freshen the air. Aerosol fresheners can be harmful to
lungs if inhaled in high concentrations or for prolonged periods of time. Solid
fresheners may be poisonous if eaten by children or pets.
Use: If freshener is in aerosol form, do not breathe fumes. Avoid skin contact.
Use only in well-ventilated areas.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children and pets. Store away from heat or
flame.
Disposal: It is best to use up air freshener as it was intended. For unwanted
portions of solid air freshener, allow to evaporate by exposing it to the air.
Alternatives: There are several nontoxic ways to freshen the air in your home.
×
INSECT REPELLENTS
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects BUTOPYRONOXYL Can cause mild necrosis in
liver and kidney CIMETHYL PHTHALATE Ingestion causes central nervous system
depression; not absorbed by the skin DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE Irritant to sensitive skin
and respiratory tract tissues
As the name indicates, insect repellents deter mosquitoes, gnats, and other
insects from biting and annoying the user. Common active ingredients in
repellents include: Diethyl toluanide, Dimethyl phthlate, Ethyl hexanediol,
Indalone, Di-n-propylisocinchoronate, Bicycloheptene dicarboximide, and
Tetrahydro furaldehyde. The literature reports at least five cases of toxic
exposures due to excessive skin absorption of diethyltoluamide (DEET), a common
ingredient in twelve of the fifteen insect repellents examined by Consumers
Union. Symptoms in all cases included loss of coordination, anxiety, behavioral
changes, and mental confusion. Liver and kidney damage have been linked to
indalone and ethyl hexanediol. Long-term skin application of indalone has caused
liver and kidney damage in animals. Ethyl hexanediol may cause liver and kidney
damage. Ingestion of large doses of insect repellent may cause loss of
coordination, central nervous system depression, and possibly coma.
Use: Use sparingly. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and sensitive skin.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children.
Disposal: Insect repellents are pesticides. With the exception of insect
repellents containing banned or otherwise restricted pesticides, the best way to
get rid of them is to use them up as intended. Insect repellents should never be
burned, buried, mixed together, poured on the ground, dumped in the water, or
poured down the drain. Leftover portions of all pesticides, including insect
repellents, must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste handler or through
a professional household hazardous waste collection.
×
PET SUPPLIES (FLEA COLLAR, SHAMPOO, SPRAY, POWDER)
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ORGANOPHOSPHATES Carcinogenic in rats,
teratogenic in chick embryos; affects nervous system; acutely toxic causing
headache, dizziness, twitching, nausea CARBAMATES Carcinogenic in rats;
mutagenic; teratogenic in dogs and mice, affects nervous system
×
ASPHALT / ROOFING TAR
In the paving and roofing trades, a tar or asphalt is applied in a hot liquid
form that cools into a semi-solid covering. Asphalt is a residue of petroleum
refining. Tar is produced by distillation of coal, oil, lignite, peat, or wood.
Inhalation of hot asphalt fumes can cause eye and respiratory tract irritation,
headaches, nausea, and nervousness. Skin exposure to hot tar can cause serious
burns. Wear protective gloves.
×
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide is a colorless gas which is practically odorless, tasteless, and
non-irritating. Carbon monoxide is always formed when a fuel containing carbon
is inadequately burned with poor ventilation. Kerosene, charcoal, coal, wood
stoves, and automobile exhaust fumes are common sources of carbon monoxide
poisoning. Natural gas in the United States does not contain carbon monoxide,
but it may form if the gas is burned without adequate air supplies.
Carbon monoxide starves the body and brain of oxygen. Carbon monoxide poisoning
produces symptoms ranging from headache, dizziness, flushed skin,
disorientation, troubled thinking, abnormal reflexes, shortness of breath,
fainting, and convulsions, to coma and even death. Heart problems are also
aggravated by the presence of carbon monoxide because the heart must pump
harder. Children, persons with respiratory illness or anemia, and the aged may
be particularly sensitive. Chronic exposure to low carbon monoxide levels
impairs judgement and increases the time required to make decisions.
If you have an attached garage, always make sure the door to the house is closed
and the garage door is open when the car is running. If you think that you have
a problem with carbon monoxide fumes, contact your local or state Department of
Health for assistance.
×
PHOTOGRAPHY CHEMICALS
Photography chemicals are substances used for processing film and making prints.
This category includes a wide variety of chemicals. The largest manufacturer of
photography chemicals, Kodak, has more than 20,000 products currently on the
market.
The photography chemicals most often used at home are those involved in
black-and-white film processing. The most commonly used solutions are developer,
fixer, and stop bath. Photography chemicals that require special handling
include intensifiers, dyes, and toners, which may contain selenium, uranium,
iron, gold, and platinum. Color film processing is more complex. In particular,
the developing baths of color transparency and color negative processing and
home color printing require special precautions.
Many chemicals used to develop photographs are corrosive and can cause skin,
eye, and lung irritation. Inhalation and skin contact are the primary routes of
hazardous exposure. These chemicals are toxic if swallowed. Acids used in
developing can burn and blind you. Photography chemicals have a longer shelf
life in a powder form than in liquid concentrate, but the powder form does
produce dust when poured and can be easily Powdered chemicals require longer
agitation completely dissolve, possibly forming vapor droplets. These droplets
are easily inhaled and can carry photography chemicals into the lungs.
Use: Always read and follow the product label instructions. Wear protective
gloves, safety goggles, and an organic vapor respirator and cover all exposed
skin. Kodak recommends at least 10 air changes per hour for workrooms and
recommends exhaust ventilation for the processing and mixing tanks. A
canopy-type exhaust hood should be sufficient for photograph development done
occasionally in the home; using a bathroom-type exhaust fan is not adequate. Be
sure the exhaust fan draws fumes away from you and the work area.
Always add acid to water. Never add water to acid when mixing chemical
solutions. Avoid products containing benzene. For information on the ingredients
of Kodak products, contact Kodak at 1-800-242-2424 and request a Material Safety
Data Sheet.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children and pets. Store acids in nonmetal,
unbreakable containers. Store all chemicals in nonbreakable containers or place
bottles inside plastic containers and clearly mark the contents on the outside.
Label the working (diluted) solution with the date it was mixed up in order to
avoid using outdated solutions.
Disposal: Unmixed chemicals need to be disposed of through a licensed hazardous
waste handler or through a professional household hazardous waste collection. It
is best to use up your chemicals or check with a school or photographic
materials supplier to see if they can use your unwanted supplies to avoid this
disposal problem.
Properly mixed and diluted black-and-white photography solutions can be flushed
with plenty of water down the drain connected to the sanitary sewer system. If
you use a septic tank or lagoon, ask a friend or relative who is connected to
the sanitary sewer system if you might use their drain to dispose of your
properly mixed and diluted photography chemicals.
If you have color photography chemicals and solutions contact the manufacturer
for disposal instructions. Kodak has a referral number for its products
(1-800-242-2424; ask for environmental/technical services).
×
POOL CHEMICALS
There are many chemicals used to balance, sanitize, and clean the water in
swimming pools (including hot tubs and spas). The following describes the
principal chemical products used to maintain pools.
Pool water is most comfortable when it is maintained at a pH between 7.2-7.6.
The pH scale runs from 1 to 14, where 1-6.9 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 7.1-14
is alkaline. The pH is controlled by adding either acid or alkali products. An
acid, either muriatic acid (also known as hydrochloric acid) or sodium
bisulphate, is added to lower the pH. To raise the pH, an alkali, sodium
carbonate (also called soda ash) is added.
Pools use sanitizing chemicals to remove algae, harmful bacteria, dirt, germs,
and organic matter carried into the pool on people's bodies and by the wind.
These chemicals oxidize organic matter. Most typically a chlorine product is
used to sanitize the pool. Either a liquid or dry product is added; liquid
chlorine is usually a 10-15% solution of sodium hypochlorite and dry chlorine is
usually calcium hypochlorite. A stabilizer is added to these products to reduce
the quantity of chlorine dissipated by the sun.
Occasionally, algae will not be controlled by the chlorine sanitizer. A shock
treatment of a large amount of chlorine (superchlorination) or a cationic
detergent may be added to the water to kill the algae.
Many of these pool chemicals are corrosive and are hazardous to human health
through skin contact splashed into the eye. Many of these chemicals, including
different types of chlorine, can react violently when mixed to produce toxic
gases, fire, or explode.
Use: Pool chemicals are often in concentrated form and should be handled with
thought and care. Carefully read and follow the instructions and warnings on the
label of each product. Clearly label the product with the date of purchase.
Never mix various pool chemicals together. Use separate and clean scoops for
each product:
Always add the chemical to the water. Never add water to dry or concentrated
chemicals. When adding liquid chlorine into the pool, pour it as far from the
pool edge as possible so it will disperse quickly into the water. Pool chemicals
should always be added to the pool water separately and according to the time
specifications of the directions. Pour chemicals gently into the pool, trying
not to splash. Add chemicals while the filter pump is running to aid in rapid
dispersal throughout the pool. Do not add chemicals while people are swimming
and do not allow swimming again until the chemicals have dispersed for the
specified amount of time. Mixing different chlorine products can cause severe
reactions or explosions, so if you change brands of solid chlorine, be sure to
rinse the dispenser or basket to remove any residue.
Do not handle pool chemicals with bare hands or them on eyes, skin, or clothing.
Wear protective gloves and safety goggles. Wash hands and all exposed skin after
handling chemicals. Do not handle chemicals near sources of ignition as some are
flammable. Do not smoke while handling chemicals.
Storage: Keep away from children and pet. Close chemical containers tightly.
Store them in a clean, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep liquid and dry
chemicals separate. Do not stack pool chemicals. Store pool chemicals away from
flammable materials and sources of sparks. Do not store them near metal tools or
mechanisms since pool chemicals can cause corrosion.
Disposal: The very best way to dispose of these chemicals is to use them up or
give them to someone who will. Some suggested places to donate your unwanted
pool chemicals are the YMCA, schools, or the park system.
If you cannot find an outlet for your chemicals and if you can store them
appropriately, secure and hold the chemicals for a professional hazardous waste
collection program or give to a licensed hazardous waste handler for disposal.
If you cannot find someone to use the unwanted chemicals and you cannot safely
store them, flush small quantities down a drain connected to a sewer system with
plenty of water. Contact your local wastewater treatment plant to determine if
pool chemicals can be flushed into the sanitary sewer system. Be sure to wear
protective gloves and safety goggles while doing this. Do not put pool chemicals
down the drain if you use a septic tank or lagoon.
×
SEPTIC TANK CLEANER
Be wary of products claiming to clean septic tank. Many of these products
temporarily precipitate solid giving the illusion of success, but actually they
produce solid bulk which is more difficult for bacteria and microorganisms to
break down. Many septic tank cleaners also change the water's acidity, causing
many bacteria to die, Products containing sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye)
are highly caustic to humans. They also change the acidity of the water and
speed soil clogging. Septic tank cleaners containing organic solvents such as
trichloroethylene should never be used because they are toxic, take a very long
time to break down in the environment, and have been shown to contaminate the
ground water.
Cleaners which claim that their "enzymes" will help septic tank digestion have
not been found to be effective Bacteria and microorganisms in your septic tank
produce their own enzymes and eat only as much as their own enzymes can digest.
If your septic tank seems sluggish or overwhelmed, flush a small amount of soil
down the drain to replenish the bacteria and microorganisms in your septic tank.
Each teaspoon of soil contains hundreds of microorganisms.
Use: Avoid septic tank cleaners containing organic solvents. If you are using a
septic tank cleaner that contains lye products or sodium bisulfate, wear gloves,
goggles, and a respirator with an organic vapor cartridge to avoid fumes and
splashes.
Storage: Store out of the reach of children. If the cleaner is in a glass jar,
store it inside a plastic container and clearly label the outside of the
container with the contents. Store on a high shelf or in a locked cabinet.
Disposal: Unless the septic tank cleaner is an organic solvent, small amounts of
the septic tank cleaner can be flushed down the drain with plenty of water.
Organic solvents should be carefully stored until you can dispose of them
through a licensed hazardous waste handler or through a professional household
hazardous waste collection.
Alternatives: Take preventative measures. Avoid putting items down your sink or
toilet that bacteria cannot digest or that disrupt their environment.
Undigestible items include grease, fat, hair, cigar and cigarette butts,
filters, facial tissues, paper towels, napkins, sanitary napkins, and Band-Aids.
×
SOLVENTS
A solvent is any substance that dissolves another substance. For example,
mineral spirits (a petroleum solvent) dissolves paint. Water, the most common
solvent, is an "inorganic" solvent because it does not contain carbon. Many
solvents used in the home are organic" solvents. All organic solvents are
hazardous!
Organic solvents used in household products are hazardous and contain the same
ingredients as their industrial and commercial counterparts. Solvents are used
in many household products. Products containing almost 100% solvents include
paint thinner, furniture stripper, dry-cleaning fluid, spot remover, degreaser,
turpentine, and nail polish remover. Products that are composed partially of
solvents include furniture oil, glues, aerosol sprays, shoe care products, rug
cleaners, and oil-based paints. Solvents can be flammable, toxic, or pose a
serious health risk through skin absorption and inhalation. Some health hazards
occur immediately. Others, such as liver and kidney problems, birth defects, and
nervous disorders, occur slowly over time.
If absorbed through the skin, solvents are readily passed into the bloodstream
where they must be filtered out by the liver and kidneys, the body's first line
of defense against toxins. Solvent vapors are easily inhaled. Inhalation may
cause nose and throat irritation and damage to lung tissue. Solvent vapors or
splashes can cause severe eye damage, especially to those wearing soft contact
lenses because the lenses absorb the solvents and hold them next to the eye. In
addition, many solvents adversely affect the central nervous system, producing
drunken or narcotic effects which can permanently affect normal functions.
Intentional inhalation of solvents can result in unconsciousness and death.
Some Toxic Organic Solvents common to Household Products:
* Aromatic Hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene)
* Isopropyl Alcohol
* Methanol
* Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride,
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane)
* Naphthas
* Petroleum solvents (kerosene, gasoline, mineral spirits)
* Turpentine
* Acetone
Environmental concerns are also associated with solvents. During normal use,
solvents escape into the environment where they contribute to smog-producing air
pollutants. If disposed of improperly, solvents can contribute to groundwater
pollution.
Use: To protect yourself from the ill effects of solvents; work in a
well-ventilated area and use a fan to direct fumes away from the area where you
are working and to the out-of-doors. Wear goggles, gloves, and clothing that
covers exposed skin. After handling solvents, always wash your hands and any
exposed skin before eating or smoking. Do not drink alcoholic beverages while
using solvents because they intensify the toxic effects.
Storage: Solvents should be stored in a well-ventilated area, away from children
and pets. If the solvent product is flammable or contained in an aerosol spray,
precautions should also be taken to store away from heat, flame, or sources of
ignition.
Disposal: The best way to dispose of solvents is to use them up as intended. If
you have usable solvent and cannot use it yourself, donate your leftovers to
someone who will use it up. Otherwise, solvents should be safely secured and
stored for a professional household hazardous waste collection or taken to a
licensed hazardous waste handler.
×
SULFURIC ACID
Sulfuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, hydrogen sulfate, or spirit of
sulfur, is available in powder form and as a colorless, odorless, oily liquid.
Beware - it is a highly corrosive liquid! Sulfuric acid is used as an
electrolyte in wet cell batteries and as an ingredient in toilet bowl cleaners
(sodium bisulfate). Direct contact can cause burning and charring of the skin
and causes rapid injury to the mucous membranes. It is exceedingly dangerous to
the eyes. Exposure to sulfuric acid mist and subsequent inhalation causes
irritation of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes including the eyes. The
mist also causes etching of tooth enamel. Ingestion results in serious burns to
the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Even dilute sulfuric acid can irritate the
skin and mucous membranes and cause scarring of the face and eyelids and
irreparable damage to the cornea, resulting in blindness.
×
WOOD PRESERVATIVES
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects PENTHACHLOROPHENOL Toxic to fetus and
causes birth defects, toxic if inhaled, absorbed, or ingested CREOSOTE Vapors
cause eye and nasal irritation, it is a skin carcinogen and can be absorbed
through the skin COPPER NAPHTHENATE An eye, skin, and lung irritant, a possible
carcinogen and affects the nervous system; combustible; harmful to aquatic life
Wood preservatives are products containing pesticides which protect wood from
pests and rot. Three widely used wood preservatives - creosote, inorganic
arsenic compounds (CCA), and pentachlorophenol (penta) are highly toxic. In
November 1986, the use of wood preservatives containing these compounds was
restricted, which means that only licensed applicators can now purchase products
containing these compounds.
Creosote has been linked to genetic damage, inorganic arsenic compounds are
related to both genetic damage and birth defects, and pentachlorophenol is
associated with birth defects and fetal toxicity. The Environmental Protection
Agency strongly suggests that homeowners leave work involving wood preservatives
to professionals. If you have a deck, tables, or other furniture that are
treated with one of these types of wood preservatives, EPA advises sealing it
with at least two coats of shellac or other sealant. Currently when creosote or
pentachlorophenol is used on wood intended for human contact, it must be coated
with shellac or another sealant.
Use: Never burn treated wood in the fireplace; the fumes will be toxic. Special
training is required to learn the proper precautions for applying wood
preservatives that contain creosote, inorganic arsenic compounds, or
pentachlorophenol.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children. Store in well-ventilated area in a
box lined with plastic bags. Carefully label the outside of the box with its
contents.
Disposal: Wood preservatives that contain creosote inorganic arsenic compounds,
or pentachlorophenol need to be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste
handler or through a professional household hazardous waste collection. There is
no good means to safely dispose of leftover wood preservative short of getting
rid of it by using it up as it was intended.
×
FERTILIZER
Fertilizers are plant food supplements which commonly contain nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium. The numbers on the fertilizer bag (e.g. 10-8-6) refer
to the percentages by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,
respectively. In general, liquid and granular fertilizers used for house plants
and in the garden have a low degree of toxicity unless ingested in large
quantities. Single ingredient fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate or lime are
more likely to be toxic or corrosive.
Environmentally, overuse of fertilizers has resulted in contamination of surface
water and groundwater. Excess nitrogen in drinking water (above 10 parts per
million nitrate-nitrogen) can lead to methemoglobinemia (oxygen starvation or
blue baby syndrome), especially in children under the age of one, elderly
persons, and sensitive farm animals such as hogs. Excess phosphorus in the water
will result in algae blooms, increased biological oxygen demand, and fish kills.
Use: Carefully read the label before purchase and use. Follow all label
directions, applying only the recommended amount. Twice as much fertilizer does
not work twice as well and only increases the chance of runoff into surrounding
water supplies. Wear gloves when handling fertilizer.
Storage: Store in a tightly sealed plastic bag away from children and pets.
Clearly label the bag with the contents and store away from moisture.
Disposal: The best way to eliminate fertilizer waste is to use it up as
intended. If you no longer want your fertilizer, check with a relative,
neighbor, or friend. Fertilizers are usually in demand in the spring and summer
months. If you are unable to find a way to use up your excess fertilizer and it
does not contain pesticides, it may be placed in the trash destined for the
landfill. If it contains pesticides, follow the procedures under Pesticides.
Alternatives: Animal manure, green manure, and compost are time-honored
alternatives to synthetic plant fertilizers.
×
ARSENIC
Arsenic is a highly toxic, naturally occurring grayish- white element used as a
poison in pesticides and herbicides. Arsenic is also found as an ingredient in
pigments and wood preservatives. Arsenic contained in wolmanized lumber will not
release toxic compounds unless burned.
Arsenic can be harmful through inhalation, absorption through skin and mucous
membranes, skin contact, and ingestion. Accidental poisoning can occur through
breathing fumes, licking paintbrushes to a point when using pigments containing
arsenic, or from wearing inadequate clothing when applying arsenic-based
products. Effects of mild poisoning from inhalation include loss of appetite,
nausea, and diarrhea. Effects of more severe chronic or acute exposure include
skin lesions, skin rash, chronic headaches, apathy, garlic odor on breath, a
metallic taste in the mouth, a bronzing pigment of the skin resembling
"raindrops on a dusty road," and possible damage to the liver.
×
INSECTICIDES
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ORGANOPHOSPHATES carcinogenic in rats;
teratogenic in chick embryos; affects nervous sytem; acutely toxic causing
headache, dizziness; twitching, nausea CARBAMATES Carcinogenic in rats;
mutagenic; teratogenic in dogs and mice; and affects nervous system
×
OVEN CLEANER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects SODIUM HYDROXIDE Extremely corrosive,
burns skin and eyes; usually fatal if swallowed; aerosols disperse chemicals,
increasing inhalation dangers POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Extremely corrosive, burns
skin and eyes; usually fatal if swallowed; aerosols disperse chemicals,
increasing inhalation dangers
The majority of oven cleaners contain lye (sodium hydroxide or potassium
hydroxide), which is an extremely corrosive ingredient. Whether the cleaners are
contained in aerosol spray form, liquid, paste or powder, lye can attack skin,
eyes, or internal organs. Lye in aerosol form is especially hazardous because
small droplets containing lye can drift and land on skin, eyes, and sensitive
lung surfaces. Labels on most oven cleaners warn that the product can burn skin
and eyes and that fumes and vapors should be avoided.
Use: Avoid aerosol oven cleaners. Wear an apron, protective gloves, safety
goggles, and a respirator with an organic vapor cartridge. Make sure there is
plenty of fresh air and adequate ventilation present.
Storage: Keep out of the reach of children.
Disposal: Use up as intended. Take unused portions to a hazardous household
waste collection center. If a collection center is unavailable, wrap in several
layers of newspaper and dispose of in the trash.
Alternatives: Use a non-toxic oven cleaner.
×
ROACH KILLER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ORGANOPHOSPHATES Carcinogenic in rats;
teratogenic in chick embryos; affect nervous system; acutely toxic causing
headache, dizziness, twitching, nausea CARBAMATES Carcinogenic in rats;
mutagenic, teratogenic in dogs and mice; affects nervous system
Bait and trap devices are usually much safer than broadcast or spray pesticide
use.
×
DYES
There are many types of dyes and which one you use depends primarily on the type
of fabric that is to be dyed. The chronic effects of most synthetic and natural
dyes have not been fully researched. Many of the chemicals used in dyeing
fabrics are hazardous to your health through skin contact and inhalation.
Many dyes require additional chemicals (mordants) to bind the dye into the cloth
fibers. Mordants are used with both natural and synthetic dyes and can cause
serious health effects. Some mordants are ammonia (a skin irritant), oxalic acid
(a corrosive), and potassium dichromate (toxic when inhaled).
Two common types of dyes used in the home are natural and direct dyes. Natural
dyes (also known as mordant dyes) require the use of a mordant and are prepared
from plants, insects, and algae. These dyes are used to color cotton and silk.
Since most natural dyes are prepared by soaking the natural product, there is no
hazard due to inhalation. However, since the mordant may be hazardous, be sure
to protect yourself from skin absorption.
All commonly available household dyes are direct dyes. These dyes are used for
coloring cotton, linen, or viscose rayon. Table salt is used as a dyeing
assistant and the dyes require heat in order to set. Many direct dyes are based
on benzidine or benzidine derivatives, which are highly toxic by inhalation and
ingestion, and possibly through skin absorption. Benzidine and its derivatives
are known carcinogens.
To find out more about dyes, request the data sheet "Dyes Hazards and
Precautions" published by the Center for Occupational Hazards. To obtain a copy,
send a self-addressed, stamped envelope with your request to: 5 Beekman Street,
New York, New York 10038.
Use: If you use fabric dyes, please follow these general rules for safe use.
* Know what type of dye you have and its health hazards. A Color Index (C.I.)
number or name is assigned to all commercial dyes. The C.l. identifications
make it possible to research scientific literature for details about the
properties and hazards of a dye. In addition, request the Material Safety
Data Sheey (MSDS) from the manufacturer.
* Avoid inhalation of dye powders and fiber dusts. Use dyes dissolved in water
(never other solvents) rather than powder form.
* Protect yourself. Wear appropriate gloves. Wear special work clothes when
working with dyes and wash them separately from other laundry.
* Use separate utensils for dyes and for food. A pot which seems clean can be
porous enough to hold hazardous amounts of dye.
* Do not use bleach, organic solvents, or other strong chemicals to clean
dye-stained skin.
* Do not use chemical dyes, including all-purpose household dyes, where
children under the age of 12 are present or if your are pregnant. Do not let
children under 12 years of age use dyes. Use food coloring and natural plant
and vegetable dyes with children. Do not let children apply mordants.
Storage: Store materials in break-resistant containers. Label all containers
clearly and cover them tightly. Store out of reach of children and pets.
Disposal: Use up unmixed dyes as directed or share dyes with others who will us
ethem. Contact your local waste water treatment facility concerning the disposal
of mixed and unmixed dyes.
×
RADON
Radon (Rn) is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas. Radon is produced when
trace amounts of uranium and radium in the soil or rocks decay. The radon gas
will then also decay into radioactive solid particles, called radon daughters or
radon progenitors. Some of the short-lived radon daughters attach themselves to
small particles in the air, which can be inhaled deep into the lungs.
The major sources of radon are: soil that contains radon-releasing material;
water and natural gas that has passed through underground areas containing
radon; solar-heating systems that use radon-emitting rocks to store heat;
granite rock; and uranium or phosphate mine tailings.
Out-of-doors, radon poses little threat to our health because it is in such a
low concentration. Indoors, however, radon can become more concentrated because
of the lack of ventilation in homes combined with exhaust fans that draw air.
Radon gas can seep into a house through dirt floors, cracks in concrete floors
and walls, floor drains, sump pumps, and joints. Radon gas can also accumulate
in private wells and be released into the home when water is used. This is
normally not a problem for large community water supplies. The level of radon
that can build up indoors depends upon the amount of radon in the source
material and the rate at which it is removed from the home by ventilation. Homes
tested throughout the U.S. show a wide range of radon concentrations.
Radon is measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/l). One pCi/l means that for each
liter of air or water, two radon atoms decay to other atoms per minute. Radon
daughters are measured in working levels (WL), which is a gauge of exposure. One
WL is approximately equal to 200 pCi/l of radon. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) recommends that household levels of radon and radon daughters stay
at 6r below 0.02 WL (= 4 pCi/l).
These quick, inexpensive steps advised by the EPA can be taken to help lower
your risks from radon exposure:
* Stop smoking and discourage smoking in your home; it may increase the risk of
radon exposure.
* Spend less time in areas with higher concentrations of radon, such as the
basement.
* Whenever practical, increase the airflow into and through your house,
especially in the basement.
* If your home has a crawl space beneath, keep the vents on all sides of the
house fully open all year.
There are two commercially-available radon detectors; the charcoal canister and
the alpha-track detector. Both of these are exposed to the air in your home for
a specific time period and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The EPA has put
out two informative booklets: "A Citizen's Guide to Radon: What it is and What
to do about it", and "Radon Reduction Methods: A Homeowner's Guide." For
additional information about radon, contact the American Lung Association.
×
SPOT REMOVER
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects ERCHLOROETHYLENE Fumes are carcinogenic
and acutely toxic, cause dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, loss of appetite and
disorientation
×
STARCH
Hazardous Constituent Possible Effects FORMALDEHYDE A suspected carcinogen and a
strong irritant to the eyes, throat, skin and lungs PHENOLS Central nervous
system depression; severely affects circulatory system; corrosive to skin;
suspected carcinogen PENTACHLOROPHENOL Toxic to fetus and causes birth defects;
toxic if inhaled, absorbed, or ingested
×
DETERGENT
The word "detergent" refers to household cleaning products which are based on
non-soap, synthetic surfactants and which are primarily used for laundering and
dishwashing. There are several types of detergents including automatic
dishwashing, hand dishwashing, enzyme, and low-phosphate detergents.
All detergents contain "cationic," "anionic," or "non- ionic" detergents.
Cationic detergents are the most toxic when taken internally. Symptoms from
ingestion include nausea, vomiting, shock, convulsions, and coma as quickly as
one to four hours after ingestion, due to rapid absorption. By themselves,
anionic detergents have low toxicity causing mild, local irritation of skin and
eyes. But the addition of "builders" to anionic detergents is common and makes
anionic detergents alkaline and caustic. Non ionic detergents have low toxicity.
At most, mild irritation of the skin and mucous membranes occurs. Ingestion
causes no hazardous effects. Some typical nonionic detergents are alkyl aryl
polyether sulfates, alcohol sulfonates, alkyl phenol polyglycol ethers, and
polyethylene glycol alkyl aryl ethers.
Detergents are responsible for many household poisonings. Part of the problem is
that detergent boxes are brightly colored and attractive and commonly stored in
low, accessible places. There is a common misconception that low-phosphate
detergents are "safe." While low phosphate detergents are safer to the
environment, they are 100 to 1000 times more caustic than phosphate detergents.
This means that low-phosphate detergents can cause serious burns if even a small
amount is ingested. Since powdered granules are more difficult to accidentally
swallow, powdered rather than liquid detergents may be a safer choice if you
have small children in the home. All detergents should be carefully stored well
away from the reach of children.
- Automatic Dishwashing Detergent -
Most automatic dishwashing detergents are alkaline with pH values of 10.5 to
12.0. These products may be classified as irritants or corrosives depending upon
their composition, concentration, and physical form. Skin irritation or burns
may occur following exposure to dissolved detergents. Toxicity may range from
mild tissue causes severe burns. The fact that automatic dishwashing detergents
contain phosphate causes environmental concerns. You might consider buying a
powdered automatic detergent over a liquid variety, because powdered detergents
are more difficult to mistakenly swallow Automatic dishwashing detergents may
also contain sodium carbonate.
- Hand Dishwashing Detergent -
These products are intended for the handwashing of dishes. Hand dishwashing
detergents are much less toxic than automatic dishwashing detergents. Hand
dishwashing detergents are combinations of anionic and non-ionic detergents,
glycols, alcohols, and salts. Exposure to the membranes of the mouth, throat,
and gastro - intestinal tract may be irritating but not caustic. Anionic and
non-ionic detergents are not well absorbed, and no toxic dose has been
established. Hand dishwashing detergents are generally considered low in
toxicity.
- Enzyme Detergent -
Enzymes are found in various laundry detergents and pre-soaks to loosen soil and
remove stains. The enzymes are obtained from selected strains of bacteria.
Products which contain enzymes have irritating and sensitizing properties.
Asthma and dermatitis may occur from industrial exposure to these enzyme
products but would be unlikely from routine household use. Granulated
detergents, which encapsulate the enzyme, are less toxic than powdered
formulations to people who have become sensitized to these enzyme detergents.