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All Rights Reserved Close the sidebarClose the sidebar This site uses cookies Continue to Site To give you a great browsing experience free of charge, this site uses cookies. Cookies help us personalize content and ads, provide social media features, track your preferences, and analyze traffic. Forbes may share this information with its advertising, analytics, and social media partners, who may use it with information you have provided to them in connection with their services. For more information: Privacy Statement To consent and proceed, click "Continue to Site." Science STUDY RECONSTRUCTS EARTH’S METEORITE IMPACTS OVER PAST 500 MILLION YEARS David Bressan ContributorOpinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. I deal with the rocky road to our modern understanding of earth Jun 30, 2021,08:03am EDT| Illustration of a large asteroid colliding with [+][-] Earth. Getty For the first time, a study has tracked the meteorite flux to Earth over the past 500 million years. Contrary to current theories, researchers have determined that major collisions in the asteroid belt have not generally affected the number of impacts with Earth to any great extent. Ad "The research community previously believed that meteorite flux to Earth was connected to dramatic events in the asteroid belt. The new study, however, shows that the flux has instead been very stable," says Birger Schmitz, professor of geology at Lund University in Sweden and one of the authors of the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy. To conduct the study, the researchers dissolved almost ten tons of sedimentary rocks from ancient seabeds in strong acids because the sediment contains residue from the meteorites dating back to when they fell to Earth. Meteorites contain a small fraction of a mineral, a chromium-oxide, which is very resistant to degradation. The microscopic chromium-oxide grains were sifted out in the laboratory and analyzed. "The dissolved sediment represents 15 periods over the past 500 million years. In total, we have extracted chromium-oxide from almost 10,000 different meteorites. Chemical analyses then enabled us to determine which types of meteorites the grains represent," says Schmitz. MORE FOR YOU THE INSIDE STORY OF PAPA JOHN'S TOXIC CULTURE VANESSA KIRBY, MARION COTILLARD, AND TAHAR RAHIM STUN ON THE 19TH MARRAKESH FILM FESTIVAL RED CARPET TODAY’S ‘QUORDLE’ ANSWERS AND CLUES FOR WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16 A couple of thousand meteorites land on the Earth's surface every year, and approximately 63,000 meteorites have been documented. Based on the chemical composition, it is believed that most rocks from space originate from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Collisions between asteroids send fragments into near-Earth orbit, where they eventuall are captured by Earth's gravity and finally impact on the surface. The researchers "were very surprised to learn that only one of the 70 largest asteroid collisions that took place over the past 500 million years resulted in an increased flux of meteorites to Earth. For some reason, most of the rocks stay in the asteroid belt." The study not only upends generally accepted meteorite flux theories; it also provides entirely new perspectives on which types of celestial bodies are at greatest risk of colliding with Earth and where in the solar system they originate. From a geological time perspective, kilometer-sized celestial bodies collide with the Earth on a regular basis. About 66 million years ago, the Chicxulub asteroid stretching over 10 kilometers in size hit the Yucatán Peninsula, likely contributing to the demise of the dinosaurs. Impacts of a similar size are estimated to happen every 100 million years. Minor events are more common. The 1908 Tunguska Event, one of the largest explosions ever recorded in history, likely was caused by a 200-meter-wide asteroid burning up in Earth's atmosphere. On August 10, 1972, an asteroid passed within 57 kilometers of Earth, causing a fireball in the sky seen above Utah to Alberta. The latest example is the Chelyabinsk impact, when a small asteroid (approximately 20 meters in diameter) exploded above the Russian town of Chelyabinsk in February 2013. The explosion generated a shock wave injuring about 1,500 people. "Future impact from even a small asteroid for example in the sea close to a populated area could lead to disastrous outcomes. This study provides important understanding that we can use to prevent this from happening; for example, by attempting to influence the trajectory of rapidly approaching celestial bodies," the study concludes. Get the best of Forbes to your inbox with the latest insights from experts across the globe. David Bressan I'm a freelance geologist working mostly in the Eastern Alps. I graduated in 2007 with a project studying how permafrost, that´s frozen soil, is reacting to the more visibl… Read More Read Less Editorial StandardsCorrectionsReprints & Permissions Loading ... MORE FROM FORBES THERE’S NOW 8 BILLION OF US, BUT OVERCONSUMPTION IS NOT HUMANITY’S BIGGEST PROBLEM PLASTIC-FILLED SEABIRDS AND FISH FOUND IN MONTEREY BAY ‘DEFENSIVE PESSIMISM’ AND TWO OTHER PSYCHOLOGICALLY PROVEN WAYS TO MANAGE LAYOFF ANXIETY SCIENTISTS SAY SEA-LEVEL CHANGES FORMED AUSTRALIA’S GREAT BARRIER REEF THE FTX AND SAM BANKMAN-FRIED BANKRUPTCY BESTSELLER IS ALREADY IN THE WORKS WHEN AND WHERE TO WATCH NASA’S MOON MISSION FINALLY LAUNCH THIS WEEK SECRETIVE US SPACEPLANE RETURNS FROM RECORD-SETTING MISSION WITH A BOOM ‘THINKERS AND INNOVATORS’: HOW RADICLE SCIENCE IS PIONEERING PROOF-AS-A-SERVICE FOR CLINICAL TRIALS More Articles {{^loggedIn}} Already a subscriber? 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