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REASONS FOR REPORTING

BUILDING & STRATA INSURANCE

Building Insurance:

 * Insurance is a must for any property owner or commercial tenant with an
   interest in a property;
 * Valuers have the ability to provide a market based replacement cost on all
   freestanding residential property, small unit blocks and small commercial,
   retail and industrial;
 * Is your insurance up to date with today’s replacement costs?

Strata Insurance:

 * This sector of the real estate market is commonly handled by Body Corporate
   Managers on behalf of the Owners within a strata complex;
 * Often there are a few major insurers whom write much of this business based
   upon either a Valuers or Quantity Surveyors report as to the likely
   replacement cost;
 * Really important to make certain your insurance is current as a Body
   Corporate, as this minimizes the risk of loss and subsequent legal action
   from individual owners.

CAPITAL GAINS TAX

The Basics of Capital Gains Tax and Property in Australia:

If you own a capital asset, such as real estate or shares and sell it, the you
will either make a usually make a capital gain or a capital loss.

All capital gains and losses must be declared in your annual income tax return
and you are required to a Capital Gains Tax.

For Australian residents, capital gains tax will apply to assets that are kept
anywhere in the world.

What are Capital Gains and Losses?

You make a capital gain when the proceeds you receive when disposing of the
asset is greater than what it cost to acquire. A capital loss is the opposite,
when the final value of the asset is less than its original cost base.

Real Estate and Capital Gains Tax:

Most real estate, such as vacant land, commercial premises, rental properties,
holiday houses and hobby farms, is subject to capital gains tax.

However, personal assets such as your principal place of residence (home), car
and furniture are exempt from capital gains tax. It also does not apply to
depreciating assets, such as business equipment or fittings in a rental
property. The most common situation when capital gains tax is calculated is when
real estate is sold.

If you’re a co-owner of the property, you’ll make a capital gain or loss
proportionate to your ownership in the property.

How are Capital Gains and Losses Calculated?

Correct record keeping is important when it comes to calculating capital gains
or losses. Make sure you retain a copy of the purchase contract and all receipts
for expenses relating to the purchase. These include stamp duty, legal fees, and
property valuation fees.

You will also need to keep a record of all relevant expenses relating to the
capital gains tax event (CGT event), for example the sale contract and records
of legal fees and stamp duty.

This information forms the basis of the capital gain or loss calculation.

When Do I Need an Independent Property Valuation in a CGT Event?

If you own real estate that was previously exempt from capital gains tax but
then becomes subject to capital gains tax, you should seek a valuation at the
time of the CGT event.

For example, if you decide to move out of your principal place of residence and
turn it into an investment property, you should engage a valuer as soon as it
goes on the rental market.

It is possible to do a retrospective valuation, however, it can be inaccurate,
time consuming and costly.

Australian Valuers suggests combining a capital gains tax valuation with a Tax
Depreciation Schedule, to increase accuracy in calculating the capital gain
while minimising your tax obligations on an investment property.

DECEASED ESTATES

Deceased estates are part of life and it is important that the property(s)
involved are assessed correctly as at the correct point in time. This value sets
any future Capital gains Tax implications for the beneficiaries/owners;

Assessments for Deceased Estates need to cover all types of real estate from
residential to commercial, specialised property to going concern’s and are
provided for the benefit of Executors and Beneficiaries singularly or jointly;

These types of valuations can also be used for ownership transfers between
Beneficiaries of the estate.

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

How a Valuation Will Simplify the Dispute Resolution Process:

There is no question that when it comes to disputes, the best result is an
outcome that is fair for all parties involved.

However, dispute resolution can be a daunting process. More often than not,
emotions are heightened making it difficult for the parties involved to work
together to reach a fair and just outcome.

Although it may seem easier to dive straight into litigious legal proceedings
than to cooperate with one another, under Australian law there must be attempts
to resolve a dispute prior to seeking any assistance of the courts.

The Legislation Relating to Civil Disputes

The relevant piece of Australian legislation is the Civil Dispute Resolution Act
2011. Essentially the objective of the Act is to resolve civil disputes before
commencing any legal court proceedings.

It does this by encouraging all parties to take genuine steps to resolve a
dispute. Simply put, a genuine step is a sincere attempt to resolve the dispute.

Actions such as entering into discussions or negotiations, mediation and sharing
information and documents can all be considered genuine steps.

What Happens if the Dispute Goes to Court?

Should all attempts at dispute resolution fail, an application can be made for
the the case to be heard before a court.

The applicant who starts the proceedings must file a “genuine steps statement”.
This statement details all the actions that have been taken in an attempt to
resolve the dispute. If no steps were taken, the statement must outline the
reasons why.

The respondent must then file a “genuine steps statement in reply”, in which he
or she agrees or disagrees with the applicant’s genuine steps statement.

How Can A Property Valuation Assist in Dispute Resolution?

If the dispute involves property, then one of the first genuine steps to take is
to seek the expertise of an independent valuer. He or she will provide a
valuation assessment on the property under dispute, that is an accurate estimate
of its current market value without bias toward either party.

It is also not uncommon in a dispute for each party to seek their own valuation
assessment. In this case, the two valuers will meet without prejudice, meaning
that they will work together to find an agreed market value.

Examples of Disputes Involving Property:

1. Disagreement over a deceased estate or will;

Mary left her house to her four children in her will. Three of the beneficiaries
want to keep the house and the fourth wants to sell it. They engaged the
services of a property valuer and use the valuation assessment to buy the 25%
share back.

2. Falling out between business partners who co-own property;

David and Matt owned a property development company together, but due to a
personal disagreement, they decided to part ways.

David decided to sell his shares of the company and the office building that the
company owned to Matt. They used a property valuation to determine the value of
the building to ensure a fair transaction.

3. Dispute between local council and a property owner;

Helen and James received their rates notices for the large parcel of land that
they own. They felt that the valuation was inaccurate and that their land had
been over valued. As a result they would have to pay more each quarter for
rates.

They decided to dispute the council’s valuation amount and so engaged a valuer
to do an independent market assessment to validate their claims.

FAMILY LAW/MARITAL PROPERTY SETTLEMENT

Property Settlement after Separation – Divorce, De faco Relationships – House
Valuation:

Division of Matrimonial Property

A breakdown of a relationship is a very traumatic time in a couple’s life.
Often, conflict surrounding the division of property, assets and custody of
children can be the the cause of a great deal of stress and grief.

If you and your partner decide to separate and jointly own property, Australian
Valuers is able to assist you with sound, professional advice, in consultation
with you and your legal representatives, in regards to the division of
matrimonial property.

Family Law Act

Depending on the total value of assets and complexity of matters that are
involved, the decisions surrounding settlement may be heard before the Family
Court of Australia, the Federal Circuit Court of Australia or a Local Court.

The Court will refer to the Family Law Act 1975 when deciding the outcome of
financial disputes after the breakdown of a marriage or a de facto relationship.

What is the Property Settlement Process?

Property settlement for divorcing and separating couples is calculated using a
four-step process, which means that the division of assets will be unique
according to the personal circumstances of your family.

Step 1. Identification and Valuation of Assets, Liabilities and Financial
Resources;

The first step is to identify all assets, liabilities and financial resources of
each party, regardless of when and how they were acquired. Then a monetary value
is placed on each.

Each party is free to engage an independent property valuer, however, some
choose to instruct one valuer to act on behalf of both parties. This is called
using a “single expert witness”. Using one valuer means that there will be no
disparity in the outcome of the valuation.

When engaging a property valuer in a matrimonial settlement, it is important
that he or she has real court experience and has a proper understanding of the
court process.

Australia Valuers has the expertise necessary in ensuring that your needs and
expectations are met and will provide comprehensive documentation supporting the
final valuation.

Step 2. Assessment of Financial and Non-Financial Contributions;

The Court will take any financial and non-financial contributions made to the
property and to the welfare of the family into account.

Non-financial contributions include labour that has resulted in an increased
value of the property as well as unpaid home duties.

Step 3. Consideration of Future Needs;

Once the share of property has been allocated, the court is required to make an
adjustment to account for the future needs of each party. These include age and
health, employment prospects and financial resources, future earning capacity,
who will care for any children, and the length of the relationship.

Step 4. Decision of Equitability in Court

After examining the outcomes of steps one through three, the Court will then
decide whether the proposed division of matrimonial property and assets is fair
and equitable.

FINANCIAL REPORTING

This type of Valuation covers many real estate and market value requirements.
Some examples are:

 * Large private companies or Government Bodies/Departments will rely on
   valuation advice over one asset or across a portfolio to assist with future
   planning & budgeting decisions;
 * These valuations can also be used for various taxation and auditing purposes.

FIRST MORTGAGE SECURITY

Market valuations for First Mortgage Security:

 * Despite the urban myths, this assessment should reflect the current market
   value of the property as at the date of inspection;
 * In reality it does not matter what the purpose or requirement of a valuation,
   the answer is the same. There is not a separate method for valuing
   residential property for banks;
 * We are often required to have sales within 6 months of the valuation date;

We are also often required to give our advice assuming either a 3 or 6 month
selling period, depending on the asset.

LITIGATION DISPUTE VALUATION

Litigation Dispute Valuation – Evidence of a Property’s Value:

Legal Property Disputes

Litigation is the process of taking any kind of legal action. Property dispute
claims can arise in all courts and jurisdictions throughout Australia.

The reasons for litigation can include:

the division of matrimonial property
dispute resolution and estate settlements.

The experienced team at Australian Valuers regularly provides valuation advice
to legal practitioners and their clients.

The Importance of Impartial and Professional Valuations in Litigation

When a property dispute is taken to court, it is important to note that
information that is not provided by a suitably qualified and certified valuer
will not be considered.

For example, when submitting evidence of a property’s value, you cannot use a
real estate agent’s appraisal.

Seeking the advice of a property value will not only give you more credibility
but also a stronger position in court.

The valuation report is a thoroughly researched and impartial analysis of the
property in question.

Australian Valuers also Provide Expert Witness Testimony in Court

An expert witness is someone with a high level of specialised knowledge or skill
in a particular area who is asked to present their opinion during legal
proceedings.

Our valuers have experience as appearing as expert witnesses in court cases and
have been integral in the resolution of many legal disputes.

PRE-SALE VALUATIONS

5 Reasons Why You Should Seek Pre-Sale Advice Before Engaging a Real Estate
Agent to Sell Your Property:

Much of Australian Valuers’ private work is made up of pre-purchase and pre-sale
valuations.

As the name suggests, a pre-sale valuation is one that is undertaken prior to
putting your property on the market.

When you engage an independent valuer from Australian Valuers to conduct a
pre-sale valuation, he or she will carry out an inspection of the property and
then compile a comprehensive report with an estimated value of a property.

Reasons why a pre-sale valuation is invaluable to vendors

1. The result is unbiased
This valuer will take into account all market factors that contribute to the
value of the property. These include the current conditions of the property
market in the area, the demand and supply of similar and comparable properties
and the overall economic climate.

This means that the estimated value s a true and accurate reflection of the
value of the property in the current market and is not unduly influenced in any
way.

2. You can be confident during the selling process
When you are armed with the knowledge of what your property is really worth, you
are able to confidently go into the selling process. You will know when it is
right to sell and when it is right to hold off.

A pre-sale valuation can help you to avoid being taken advantage off by
unscrupulous agents or buyers.

Which brings us to our next point –

3. You can use the pre-sale valuation to choose the right agent (or forgo the
agent altogether)
Use the outcome of your pre-sale report to “interview” your shortlist of selling
agents and make the right choice. Ask each agent to give you their opinion as to
what your property is worth. You will find that some will over-inflate their
estimates and others may go the other way, just to make that sale.

The best agents will be close to the mark and be able to set realistic
expectations in the selling process.

If you choose not to use an agent at all, then the pre-sale valuation can be
used as the basis to set an agreeable sale price that is fair to both parties.

4. It can minimise the selling period
As a rule of thumb, a property should not be on the market for over a month.
Often, if a property does not sell in this time frame, it is incorrectly priced.

By setting the price at the right point from the beginning, you will attract
more serious buyers.

5. It can ensure that close the sale quickly
In many cases, people looking to buy property have already sought finance
pre-approval from their lender. This means they have a set limit on their
borrowing capacity. If your property is priced accurately, when potential buyer
submit an offer that is close to where you are happy to sell, then the
negotiation process can flow quickly until the sale is finalised.

PRE-PURCHASE VALUATIONS

Why Engaging a Property Valuer to Provide Pre-Purchase Advice Can  Save You
Thousands of Dollars!

The majority of our private clients engage Australian Valuers to conduct
pre-sale or pre-purchase valuations.

A pre-purchase valuation is one that gives you, as a potential buyer, an
unbiased estimate of the value of a property before you commit to buy.

This type of valuation is crucial if you are planning to make a cash offer for a
property, or to buy at auction.

Property Contracts

Within a property contract, one of the most common clauses is the finance
clause. Simply put, this clause states that the buyer will proceed to purchase
the property subject to securing finance, normally in the form of a bank
mortgage.

When an offer is made on a property subject to finance, the bank will get an
independent valuation done to support the amount being borrowed. If the
valuation does not match the amount of finance sought, the bank may refuse
finance and the contract can be voided.

However, when a purchaser does not seek finance, such as in the case of a cash
offer, this clause is omitted and the sale becomes unconditional and must
proceed as soon as the vendor accepts the offer and the contracts are signed.

In addition, there is no cooling-off period when buying a property under an
auctioneer’s hammer. If you are the successful bidder at an auction, you are
obligated to settle the contract and proceed with the purchase even if you have
bid more than you can afford, the house fails building and pest inspections, or
you simply change your mind.

A pre-purchase valuation will provide you with the information needed to make an
informed decision to proceed with a cash offer or bid at auction.

Be Prepared, Plan Ahead

If you, as the purchaser, are certain of the true value of the property as well
as being aware of any inherent risks associated with the purchase, you will be
able to enter into a purchase contract with complete peace of mind and it can
potentially save you a significant amount of money.

RENT REVIEWS

A rent review and or market assessment can be done on all manner of residential,
commercial, industrial and retail property. These are market based exercises
where the Valuer obtains the most recent, reliable and relevant market evidence
upon which to base his judgment.

Some of the more important factors included within a rent assessment are:

 * Specific accommodation factors pertaining to the subject property;
 * Existing and or historical leases are considered for relevance and
   reliability;
 * Comparing similar uses to that of the subject (eg. banks with banks or
   newsagents with newsagents)
 * Market forces at work at the time/date of assessment;
 * Vacancy factors within that market sector;
 * A well-researched assessment provides our client with a reliable and
   objective answer.

RESUMPTIONS AND COMPENSATIONS

 * Resumptions and compensation is a specialist area within the valuation
   industry;
 * Resumptions mainly arise from Local, State or Federal Government
   infrastructure projects or schemes, such as roads, rail, tunnels, bridges or
   parks;
 * It could be said that the majority of resumptions arise from road widening
   particularly on existing arterial roads;
 * Generally there are two types of resumptions, being a full take or a part
   take. The full take is where the resuming authority is purchasing the whole
   of the land for the project. A part take is that only a portion of the
   property is required;
 * The assessment for a full take is then done on normal valuation methodologies
   and a market valuation assessment is made;
 * The part take assessment is inherently more difficult as the majority of the
   property and improvements remain, but part of the front, rear or side is to
   become road;
 * In these cases the property is assessed in the ‘Before and After’ scenarios.
   The Before again ignores any component of the scheme and an assessment is
   made on an as is where is basis at the relevant date;
 * In the After assessment the Valuer is to assess the negative and or positive
   impacts of that scheme and how that will affect the Before market value. The
   difference between the two valuation assessments is the compensation.

RETROSPECTIVE

This type of Valuation covers many real estate and market value requirements.
Here are a few examples;

 * A property was transferred on a certain date into your Superannuation Fund
   and it’s not until sometime later that your Accountant requires a market
   value at the original transfer date for reporting purposes;
 * Another common purpose is when your principal place of residence is converted
   into an investment, but you failed to obtain a valuation at the time for
   future Capital Gains Tax;
 * Please be aware that a retrospective assessment will generally cost more, as
   there is more time & risk involved in assessing historical values.

STAMP DUTY TRANSFER

What is Stamp Duty?

Stamp duty is a tax charged by the government. Taxable transactions include:

 1. motor vehicle registrations and transfers;
 2. insurance policies;
 3. leases and mortgages;
 4. hire purchase agreements and
 5. transfers of property such as businesses, real estate and certain shares.

Stamp duty is imposed by each individual state or territory government. It is
also referred to as transfer duty or general duty. It is designed to cover the
legal costs incurred by the transaction.

How is Stamp Duty Calculated?

Each state has its own way of calculating stamp duty. To get the most accurate
and up-to-date information relevant to your situation click on your state or
territory’s Revenue Office below.

 * ACT Revenue – Duties
 * NSW Office of State Revenue – Taxes and duties
 * NT Territory Revenue – Stamp Duty
 * QLD Office of State Revenue – Duties
 * RevenueSA – Stamp Duty
 * TAS State Revenue Office – Motor vehicle, Insurance and Property transfer
   duties.
 * VIC State Revenue Office – Land transfer duty
 * WA Office of State Revenue – Duties

Why Do I Have to Pay Stamp Duty on Property?

Stamp Duty must be paid whenever you buy or sell property. Both the seller and
the purchaser are liable to pay, however, in most cases it is the purchaser that
actually pays the duty.

Dutiable Value of a Property

Before your accountant can calculate how much duty you will need pay, the
dutiable value of the property must be calculated.

The dutiable value is the higher value of either the unencumbered value of the
property or the amount you agree to pay.

This means that even if no money is exchanged – for example if someone transfers
property to a family member as a gift – the property being transferred still has
a dutiable value.

In the case of property transfer between family members, there are certain
exemptions that you can apply for:

 * One is when the matrimonial home is being transferred between a married or
   de-facto couple and;
 * another is when a property is being transferred after the breakdown of a
   marriage or de-facto relationship.

SUPERANNUATION

An asset valuation is a key component in preparing meaningful SMSF financial
reports. It has an impact on the returns for members and ultimately, SMSF sector
performance as a whole.

A valuation of assets is required (minimum of every 3 years) to confirm your
SMSF has complied with relevant super law for:

 * preparing the financial accounts and statements of the fund
 * acquiring assets between SMSFs and related parties
 * investments made and maintained on an arm’s-length basis
 * disposing of certain collectables and personal use assets to a related party
   of the fund
 * determining the market value of an SMSF’s in-house assets as a percentage of
   all assets in the fund
 * determining the value of assets that support a member’s super pension
 * determining the value of existing retirement income streams at 1 July 2017 as
   they will be counted towards the transfer balance cap
 * determining the value of new retirement income streams on or after 1 July
   2017, when they will be counted towards the transfer balance cap
 * determining the market value of assets that are eligible for transitional
   capital gains tax (CGT) relief in the 2016–17 income year
 * determining the market value of assets supporting members’ retirement phase
   and accumulation accounts for the purposes of calculating the members’ total
   super balances.

The super laws require a valuation by a qualified independent valuer in the
following circumstances:

 * from 1 July 2011 for any collectables and personal use assets that were
   acquired on or after 1 July 2011 and disposed of to a related party
 * from 1 July 2016 for any collectables or personal use assets that were
   acquired by the SMSF before 1 July 2011 and disposed of to a related party
   after 30 June 2016.

An approved SMSF auditor can seek an independent valuation of the fund’s
investments, as part of their audit and assurance engagement.

You should also consider the use of a qualified independent valuer if either
the:

 * value of the asset represents a significant proportion of the fund’s value
 * nature of the asset indicates that the valuation is likely to be complex or
   difficult.

TAXATION

 * This type of Valuation covers many real estate and market value requirements;
 * As previously mentioned, we undertake valuations for Capital Gains & Stamp
   Duty;
 * Our valuations can also be used for budgeting and planning purposes of
   individuals, companies or government bodies.




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