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THE MAJOR SCALE: PATTERNS, POSITIONS, & THEORY

NOTE: This lesson contains affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from
qualifying purchases. This helps cover costs of maintaining this website.

The major scale is the centerpiece of music theory and probably the most
commonly used scale in music. In order to understand chord building,
progressions, and other scales, you need to first understand the major scale. In
this lesson we will take a look at what makes up the major scale and learn the
major scale patterns and positions on the guitar fretboard.


NOTES ON THE FRETBOARD

If you don’t know the notes of music or where they are found on the fretboard,
you may want to spend some time with the following lesson:

Learning the Notes on the Guitar Fretboard


WHY LEARN SCALES ON GUITAR?

A common misperception of guitar scales is that they’re only useful for soloing.
This couldn’t be further from the truth. Yes, scales can provide the basis for
soloing on the guitar, but there’s so much more than that.

Guitar scales, specifically the major scale, provide the foundation for
understanding music theory. Without knowledge of the major scale, your
understanding of chords, progressions, interval qualities will be limited.

Let’s start with a little scale theory to understand what a guitar scale is.
Then we will dive into the major scale specifically and see how it sets the
foundation for all other guitar theory concepts.


SCALE THEORY

Before we get to the details of the major scale, let’s start with a basic
understanding of what a music scale is.


MUSIC SCALE

A scale in music is a group of notes ordered sequentially by pitch. Unlike
chords where the notes are played together, the notes of a scale are played
individually. They can be played ascending (increasing in pitch) or descending
(decreasing in pitch).

The scale formed by the group of notes is determined by the intervals, or
distance, between each note of the scale and the number of notes in the scale.


THE MAJOR SCALE

The major scale consists of 7 notes and an octave note (the root note played an
octave higher/lower). If we take a look at the G major scale, its notes are as
follows:



Listen to the audio to hear how the G major scale sounds:




MAJOR SCALE PATTERN OF STEPS

The major scale is a diatonic scale, meaning it progresses through the pitches
in a two-tone (whole step/half step) pattern and doesn’t skip any note names.

A step is just a measure of distance between between two notes.

A whole step on the guitar is equal to two frets while a half step is equal to
one fret. You may also see them referred to as semitones. A whole step equals
two semitones while a half step equals one semitone.


 * Whole Step = 2 frets (2 semitones)
 * Half Step = 1 fret (1 semitone)

The whole step/half step pattern for the major scale looks like this:

Whole – Whole –  Half – Whole – Whole – Whole – Half

You may also see it written as:

W – W – H – W – W – W – H

Using this pattern with the G major scale from above, you can see how the scale
is built:

 * From G to A is one whole step, or two half steps (2 semitones) (G – G# – A)
 * From A to B is one whole step, or two half steps (A – A# – B)
 * From B to C is one half step (B – C)
 * From C to D is one whole step (C – C# – D)
 * From D to E is one whole step (D – D# – E)
 * From E to F# is one whole step (E – F – F#)
 * From F# to G is one half step (F# – G)

This pattern holds true for any major scale. You can form a C major scale, D
major scale, etc. all by using this same pattern.




INTERVAL QUALITIES OF THE MAJOR SCALE

Each interval of a scale has a quality to it that determines the type of scale
it forms and the characteristics of that scale. The intervals for the major
scale are as follows:

Interval12345678QualityUnisonMajor 2ndMajor 3rdPerfect 4thPerfect 5thMajor
6thMajor 7thOctaveSemitones0245791112

In the diagram below, you can see the relation between the notes and intervals
of the G major scale.

While the notes for a given major scale may change, the interval qualities
remain the same. This is an important concept because this allows for movable
shapes and patterns across the fretboard. In other words, the pattern for the G
major scale will also be the pattern for C major, D major etc. The only thing
that changes is the root note on which the pattern is based.

Now we’ll take a look at the major scale positions and patterns that make up
these positions.


MAJOR SCALE PATTERNS AND POSITIONS ON THE GUITAR FRETBOARD

You can think of the guitar fretboard as one big connected grid. Within this
grid, you find patterns of notes. It stands to reason that if the notes on the
fretboard follow a given pattern, so too do the scales that are derived from
these notes. This is important to understand because once you learn to recognize
the patterns that make up a given scale, it gives you the freedom to play across
the entire fretboard.




CAGED SYSTEM

The examples here use what’s known as the CAGED guitar system to create the
scale shapes. However, this isn’t the only system that’s used to create scale
shapes on the fretboard. Another popular method is the 3 notes per string
method. I don’t endorse either as being better than the other. I think that’s a
personal preference and you should use what works best for you.

We’ll continue using G major as the example. However, to avoid associating these
positions with G major exclusively, the diagrams will be labeled according to
intervals to reinforce the application to all major scales. Plus, it’s important
to understand intervals as they are a foundational concept of music theory.


POSITION 1



Starting with the G note on the 3rd fret of the 6th string, play each note of
the scale in order across the fretboard (ascending) and back to the starting
position (descending), including the F# on the 6th string. It’s a good idea when
learning these scales to get into a habit of starting and ending on the root
note, but be sure to play all notes of the pattern.

It’s also important to make note of the root note pattern (middle diagram) found
in each position. Using the root note is good way to begin navigating scale
positions. Position 1 contains three root notes, forming a triangle pattern on
the fretboard.

The far right diagram shows the recommended fingering for the position. Feel
free to try alternate fingerings and adjust it to what best suits you.




POSITION 2



In position 2 of the major scale, the root notes are found on strings 4 and 2,
which means this position only contains two root notes. As with position 1,
practice the scale starting on the root note and play ascending and descending.



Notice how this position connects with position 1 via the notes on frets 4 and
5. While the actual frets will change from one major scale to another, the
association is the same. Position 1 will always connect with position 2 via the
same note intervals.




POSITION 3



Position 3 of the major scale contains two root notes, located on the 2nd and
5th strings. Again make note of the root note patterns and the connecting notes
with the second position above.




POSITION 4



Moving on up the fretboard to position 4 you again find two root notes, located
on the 3rd and 5th strings.



By including the p4 on the 6th string, the fourth position of the major scale
spans a lot of frets (5). You can choose to omit this note if you want, but I
prefer to include it as part of this position. Note the suggested fingerings on
the position shifts.




POSITION 5



As with position one, the fifth position of the major scale includes three root
notes due to two of them falling on the 6th and 1st strings. This position also
includes a position shift, so pay close attention to the suggested fingerings
for how to player over it.




CONNECTED SCALE PATTERNS

Of importance to note is that these patterns are all connected to the position
above and below by shared notes. The diagram below shows this relationship.



Once you get to the last position (position 5), the patterns repeat themselves,
starting again with the pattern of position 1.



Just to reiterate, these scale patterns are movable. While these diagrams map
out the G major scale, the patterns apply to all major scales. If you move these
patterns up one fret, you’ll be playing the A♭ major scale. Move it up two frets
and you would be playing the A major scale. You can shift the root note up or
down the fretboard and play any major scale with the same pattern.


SINGLE OCTAVE MAJOR SCALE PATTERNS

While the scale positions above cover two octaves, they can also be broken into
single octave patterns. Going from the root note on strings 3 through 6, you can
create the following scale patterns.




ROOT ON THE 6TH STRING

Starting with the root on the 6th string, there are four common scale patterns.
Note that in the first scale pattern you’re using open notes in the scale, but
this pattern is movable and can be played anywhere on the neck. Note in pattern
four mind we’ve moved to the A major scale since the root note is on the 5th
fret of the 6th string.


ROOT ON THE 5TH STRING

With the root note on the 5th string, you get the following common patterns for
the major scale. Note that these are almost identical in shape as the patterns
from the 6th string root. The exception is when the scale moves to the 2nd
string, which is tuned a 1/2 step lower.


ROOT ON THE 4TH STRING

On the 4th string the patterns change a bit more to compensate for the tuning of
the 3rd string. Still, you should see the similarities between these patterns
and the previous.


ROOT ON THE 3RD STRING

Finally, we have the patterns created starting with the root on the 3rd string.


WRAP UP

To summarize, a music scale is a group of notes arranged sequentially by pitch
and played individually. The major scale is a diatonic scale consisting of 7
notes and and octave note. You build it by following a formula of half/whole
step intervals (W-W-H-W-W-W-H).



Since so many other musical concepts and theory are derived from it, the major
scale is the most important scale for a guitarist to know. Learning it sets the
foundation for applying music theory to the guitar, so take your time to
thoroughly understand the content in this lesson.

For more information on the major scale and it’s relation to chords, triads,
arpeggios etc, check out Guitar Essentials: Foundational Fretboard Navigation.
It teaches you how all of these structures are related and how they map to the
fretboard, helping you to navigate up and down the fretboard with ease.




NEED MORE?

 


STOP STRUGGLING TO FIND YOUR WAY AROUND THE FRETBOARD!

Build a solid foundation and begin navigating the guitar fretboard with ease
with Guitar Essentials: Foundational Fretboard Navigation.



Learn More


WORKSHEET: MAJOR SCALE

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Categories: Guitar Theory, Scales

Tags: beginner , major scale , scale patterns


RELATED POSTS

NAVIGATING MAJOR SCALE POSITIONS ON GUITAR BY USING THE ROOT NOTE

MINOR SCALE ON GUITAR: PATTERNS, POSITIONS & THEORY

MAJOR SCALE CHORDS: WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO BUILD THEM


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