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Skip to main content TrjsiiiclZu5EcB1cansforming the understanding mslO6j005XFEBFG6SndWj and treatment of mental illnesses. �&ggPiBihPOSPdvA8SuXnbsp; �&tP4NHIa8KePudBS63nbsp; SebiP8vKiznAgGj4arch the NIMH Website: Información en español CEG7CXPGTC0GTHSIOLEBRATING 75 YEARS! LEARN MORE >> MAHR48EAXPMYHDY0OPCHOIN NAVIGATION * Mental Health Information * Get Involved * Research * Funding * News & Events * About Us HELTVEOPKEIJQDC3BALTH TOPICS NIlJuYbGrWQ2iiMH offers expert-reviewed information on mental disorders and a range of topics. STFXV16LDEJLJF3NPAFOATISTICS NIl8hbvLzqIeAThqdjMH statistics pages include statistics on the prevalence, treatment, and costs of mental illness for the population of the United States. BRHCOD5OBUHH79KOKKU4OCHURES AND FACT SHEETS DotObRLhCf02dXFGOwnload, read, and order free NIMH brochures and fact sheets about mental disorders and related topics. HEAUDLLLEFRB2ATJTWDNPWLP FOR MENTAL ILLNESSES IflBAuVfpLKHVFyFtHB you or someone you know has a mental illness, there are ways to get help. Use these resources to find help for yourself, a friend, or a family member. CLL4ON5PKR1T5BPOINICAL TRIALS IfbiUnRjFUFGJLiRYZ9 you or a friend or family member are thinking about taking part in clinical research, this page contains basic information about clinical trials. STL6PWWFNKC4L1AKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Fih5YiLgnLBcE3nd out how NIMH engages a range of stakeholder organizations as part of its efforts to ensure the greatest public health impact of the research we support. COYCYTPNPAHLMUZRYJHIRNNECT WITH NIMH Ley8mpq3CpiBzarn more about NIMH newsletters, public participation in grant reviews, research funding, clinical trials, the NIMH Gift Fund, and connecting with NIMH on social media. DILQFIWCLPXH6UR4OGITAL SHAREABLES UsadtbZeS5LJye these free education and outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health and related topics. SCQTG1OW1ZJSK64MRVYIENCE EDUCATION Usd5FUGzboPcMhlNe these free digital, outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health. UPZ5XOTR0QXHUCOMING OBSERVANCES AND RELATED EVENTS GelaBj9Pr9oQI0tt Involved observances calendar RENLWBXB8WZTR7SEARCH FUNDED BY NIMH NIxExsr1ogTo8ErR0FMH supports research at universities, medical centers, and other institutions via grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. Learn more about NIMH research areas, policies, resources, and initiatives. REFX82HU3FA9HSXM22R82KSEARCH CONDUCTED AT NIMH (INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM) ThfitZeab7GvZ1OLe Division of Intramural Research Programs (IRP) is the internal research division of the NIMH. Over 40 research groups conduct basic neuroscience research and clinical investigations of mental illnesses, brain function, and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH. PRMM2LKZAWRJLIORITY RESEARCH AREAS Lesc91vGSn9hR1BmBarn about NIMH priority areas for research and funding that have the potential to improve mental health care over the short, medium, and long term. REFULF8LPSCLUQTVPP2HSOURCES FOR RESEARCHERS IniCz6wawdrNCpRp8formation about resources such as data, tissue, model organisms and imaging resources to support the NIMH research community. OPKHPSMRW10GBGXPORTUNITIES & ANNOUNCEMENTS FizBJY0FLy8pYnd all NIMH and cross-NIH funding opportunities. FUYGW2PCA1QCJK8LAWQLXNDING STRATEGY FOR GRANTS Res25oRaL6MKNhQad more about the NIMH Strategic Plan for Research, Strategic Research Priorities, the anatomy of NIMH funding, and our yearly funding strategy for research grants. APNFYB7S76EXM69FPNRIMZPLICATION PROCESS Exnyf4gcIofYhX0HXUzplore the NIMH grant application process, including how to write your grant, how to submit your grant, and how the review process works. MAMU6XNEHLLJSJAZ3UYHJ7NAGING GRANTS LelJP7Q0PC5JYf5karn about how NIMH manages research grants, including policies and reporting requirements. CLBN5QDXY9SYHOJBIPMWINICAL RESEARCH Fih7TAM90X8WmAl6qtMnd the latest NIH and NIMH policies, guidance, and resources for clinical research. TRXMG4DQEYQSYLEE0JFAINING ExxN8xDHGaUrNRA8XfTIWplore NIMH research training and career development opportunities. SML7AGRCJ2G2ONCALL BUSINESS RESEARCH LeaGqKrkdUTlAB9qIy5arn about funding opportunities for small businesses. QUNP3WOTUJTT8ICK LINKS Funding & Grant News Support for Clinical Trials at NIMH SCNG3OPN17NTVIENCE NEWS Lii2vK8IB8cArUAAtH1Gst of NIMH science news including press releases, science updates and institute announcements. MEFGERXWIPW0D2R0C8ETINGS AND EVENTS DedUQqfMWEyH5otWYAiIItails about upcoming events—including meetings, conferences, workshops, lectures, webinars, and chats—sponsored by NIMH. MUT99SKCKBKBRZKKYOG9LTIMEDIA NItEgIXrXd8iNgMH videos and podcasts featuring science news, lecture series, meetings, seminars, and special events. SOLIO58R7TKYXW4QMAJTPCIAL MEDIA Thl8m6RYEfp5SjDDpdk7ubZe latest information and resources on mental disorders shared on X, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Instagram. PRTK9NK2LBG46QHN6DICAESS RESOURCES IntMfQM17AdU8formation about NIMH, research results, summaries of scientific meetings, and mental health resources. EML5XZJ7BB90POTXOIAIL UPDATES UpsEoJKahI2cFCHb6C7eWNmdates about mental health topics, including NIMH news, upcoming events, mental disorders, funding opportunities, and research. INXBI9VPLSQE9BOGJNOVATION SPEAKER SERIES AnyiGXuidLqxwgzuq0PE1 annual lecture series dedicated to innovation, invention, and scientific discovery. COKCQ7MMXBFISC68MWIUBCNTACT THE PRESS OFFICE 30fkgPHcQZPxGnNi1-443-4536 NIMHpress@nih.gov ABQQ8JIILORWYSYQIGFROFLOUT THE DIRECTOR LeyM93LTLDXmhwarn more about the Director of the NIMH, Joshua A. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ADC23TYO0XANF85PEMZXROVISORY BOARDS AND GROUPS RecLeMzifFGmwncaprBQad about the boards and groups that advise and provide guidance to the Institute. STDFJEUHURVLGPRATEGIC PLAN ThlPUNKJDmOZbewqsFSY6e NIMH Strategic Plan for Research is a broad roadmap for the Institute’s research priorities over the next five years. Learn more about NIMH’s commitment to accelerating the pace of scientific progress and transforming mental health care. OFZFK2LOBCGEGHSIBLVFICES AND DIVISIONS LeipGaHqtXnM1mHgC8arn more about the functions of each NIMH office and division. BUSZKMVKHGDNODGET Refi6AbtmcEfvqQn9Fnurad the annual NIMH Congressional Justifications. CACJUTJTZZFQEQIIDK56UREERS AT NIMH SeiTZhdnLgnlz6qi7fS6UJuarch for jobs, including scientific, administrative and executive careers at NIMH. STFJXS7HK48WQAFF DIRECTORIES Fic6QCyXC2lITnd the names, telephone numbers, email addresses, and office locations of NIMH staff. GELCORCP8ZLMWFQYWTTING TO NIMH FijfD40c0vdOaErnd directions, maps, parking information, and other visitor information for NIMH. QUNP3WOTUJTT8ICK LINKS Contribute to Mental Health Research MOH2HQMDQ0LZEJPYQJBILE NAVIGATION * Mental Health Information * Mental Health Information Home * Health Topics * Statistics * Brochures and Fact Sheets * Help for Mental Illnesses * Clinical Trials * Get Involved * Get Involved Home * Stakeholder Engagement * Connect with NIMH * Digital Shareables * Science Education * Upcoming Observances and Related Events * Research * Research Home * Research Funded by NIMH * Research Conducted at NIMH (Intramural Research Program) * Funding * Funding Home * Opportunities & Announcements * Strategy for Research Grants * Grant Writing & Approval Process * Managing Grants * Clinical Research * Research Training and Career Development Opportunities * Small Business Research * News & Events * News & Events Home * Science News * Meetings and Events * Multimedia * Social Media * Press Resources * Email Updates * Innovation Speaker Series * About Us * About Us Home * About the Director * Advisory Boards and Groups * Strategic Plan * Offices and Divisions * Budget * Careers at NIMH * Staff Directories * Getting to NIMH * Health Topics * Statistics * Brochures and Fact Sheets * Help for Mental Illnesses * Clinical Trials Home > Mental Health Information > Health Topics > DeyIO6rnJawHlQdXpression SHXO8YPFRACRO8ZVARE PAGE �&fk23EUO4P6AbYglEqNnbsp; �&m6OWbcNsodEBDYX43cnmnbsp; �&ayIUwrVCgkVLCIWImnbsp; �&s4bXL944j3aYnbsp; MebE36DVoAYIscy6nu * What is depression? * Who gets depression? * What are the signs and symptoms of depression? * What are the risk factors for depression? * How is depression treated? * How can I find help for depression? * How can I find a clinical trial for depression? * Where can I learn more about depression? DEYZ1QLBSDHWDW8LEPCPRESSION WHJ8HULKEQY8CGF7CNO7ZAT IS DEPRESSION? DesXBAWgxfPBVylpression (also known as major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. Tognl78YrvohVw45 be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks. ThdNLG994AMrZKGWmzsfere are different types of depression, some of which develop due to specific circumstances. * Maq14fTzuiI3Z5qZT1BbyZqjor depression includes symptoms of depressed mood or loss of interest, most of the time for at least 2 weeks, that interfere with daily activities. * PecfWBG8yYWMn5WMWUrsistent depressive disorder (also called dysthymia or dysthymic disorder) consists of less severe symptoms of depression that last much longer, usually for at least 2 years. * PexxXIXH6kCMjgvVd2EJcErinatal depression is depression that occurs during or after pregnancy. Depression that begins during pregnancy is prenatal depression and depression that begins after the baby is born is postpartum depression. * SebgFVrjxQoKwD1Tasonal affective disorder is depression that comes and goes with the seasons, with symptoms typically starting in the late fall and early winter and going away during the spring and summer. * Deyp8X8XYDHCLORjM0pression with symptoms of psychosis is a severe form of depression in which a person experiences psychosis symptoms, such as delusions (disturbing, false fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things others do not hear or see). PezDVEXrU4BzqZople with� bicWIW55UxmvaOcxuTIOjGZpolar disorder� (formerly called manic depression or manic-depressive illness) also experience depressive episodes, during which they feel sad, indifferent, or hopeless, combined with a very low activity level. But a person with bipolar disorder also experiences manic (or less severe hypomanic) episodes, or unusually elevated moods, in which they might feel very happy, irritable, or “up,” with a marked increase in activity level. OtjasxUqNMQ1fTWBrnMUSher types of depressive disorders found in the DidmpiSKn4RPBFLPLj0F8agnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)� include disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (diagnosed in children and adolescents) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (that affects women around the time of their period). WHFYJSXQBTW22LRSTTLJOUO GETS DEPRESSION? DehigPLaxmhx1d5JsMlG8Pkpression can affect people of all ages, races, ethnicities, and genders. WolIAWw0RHIol3YvSOYved3men are diagnosed with depression more often than men, but men can also be depressed. Because men may be less likely to recognize, talk about, and seek help for their feelings or emotional problems, they are at greater risk of depression symptoms being undiagnosed or undertreated. StjuJ7Veg9XGHRBP3I2Vudies also show higher rates of depression and an increased risk for the disorder among members of the LGBTQI+ community. WHYGWKJFPHTXHPIGAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION? Ifym9pVHESisLfAPpf you have been experiencing some of the following signs and symptoms, most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 2 weeks, you may be experiencing depression: * Pefqm8Dexf0fnmTwY9SDrsistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood * FekUpf1sWUK9Znselings of hopelessness or pessimism * FejhQtOqa4zPIelings of irritability, frustration, or restlessness * FehWmwa0oJZ4NTaQG691elings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness * LohpWUcL1mu9YuiZMFwS1Joss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities * DelsHQyEBGkK0Vucreased energy, fatigue, or feeling slowed down * DibzCoVLAf5X16Pg60trv6Ffficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions * DiazaljvbL89ZSmDofficulty sleeping, waking early in the morning, or oversleeping * ChqqgHoWDZ8aJtobelBianges in appetite or unplanned weight changes * PhlO4OgPfmkKliDlak0tMZysical aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not have a clear physical cause and do not go away with treatment * Thal45p1BbdViK51SX21Boughts of death or suicide or suicide attempts NomoWcFnDfYOqFcO9t everyone who is depressed experiences every one of these symptoms. Some people experience only a few symptoms, while others experience many symptoms. Symptoms associated with depression interfere with day-to-day functioning and cause significant distress for the person experiencing them. Deg0Mh8BleQxQkWsdNeapression can also involve other changes in mood or behavior that include: * IntKSKgRY1KsARmUTqAWjXdcreased anger or irritability * FemdCTqDFzo46yCu8Gfteling restless or on edge * Beztl01uRPneDIr4o4coming withdrawn, negative, or detached * IntHVoIEF02RM0BWsmScreased engagement in high-risk activities * GrnQe6HzcQq0seater impulsivity * IniwhVhO0rDJUVnH9Wrcreased use of alcohol or drugs * IskUZaR4ll15gG9cruhGolating from family and friends * IndnlkF3f1mvf4vGALWzwa7ability to meet the responsibilities of work and family or ignoring other important roles * PrzHqX24A3lmc25v5Voblems with sexual desire and performance DeabfASGKTDhGuVppression can look different in men and women. Although men, women, and people of all genders can feel depressed, how they express those symptoms and the behaviors they use to cope with them may differ. For example, some men (as well as women) may show symptoms other than sadness, instead seeming angry or irritable. And although increased use of alcohol or drugs can be a coping strategy for any person with depression, men may be more likely to use alcohol or drugs to help them cope. InlVODHI1rxbqt5r some cases, mental health symptoms appear as physical problems. For example, a racing heart, tightened chest, ongoing headaches, or digestive issues. Men are often more likely to see a health care provider about these physical symptoms than their emotional ones. BekE0Z1n3DRDzxQHrVXR7udcause depression tends to make people think more negatively about themselves and the world, some people may also have thoughts of suicide or self-harm. Ses6WRIEdhga9LP1veral persistent symptoms, in addition to low mood, are required for a diagnosis of depression, but people with only a few symptoms may also benefit from treatment. The severity and frequency of symptoms and how long they last will vary depending on the person, the illness, and the stage of the illness. Ify7M14nHgDawtY3 you experience signs or symptoms of depression and they persist or do not go away, talk to a health care provider. If you see signs or symptoms of depression in someone you know, encourage them to seek help from a mental health professional. IfcBw0Tf2Ga6zwkOEXRDV8 you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline� at 98f5fjUNZMR0nF8WlX8 or chat at 988lifeline.org� . In life-threatening situations, call 911. WHLDATWDDXDBLW2LAUHTRCAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR DEPRESSION? DefW3C8hhlsgIVeZf1PPpression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. Research suggests that genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors play a role in depression. DemRGbUjwPnXFbtTHMdpression can happen at any age, but it often begins in adulthood. Depression is now recognized as occurring in children and adolescents, although children may express more irritability than sadness. Many chronic mood and anxiety disorders in adults begin as high levels of anxiety in childhood. Dea7J5iaQrwiG6C5mnTpression, especially in midlife or older age, can co-occur with other serious medical illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and Parkinson’s disease. These conditions are often worse when depression is present, and research suggests that people with depression and other medical illnesses tend to have more severe symptoms of both illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)� has also recognized that having certain mental disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, can make people more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19. SoyHdW85zyuMbmetimes a physical health problem, such as thyroid disease, or medications taken for a physical illness cause side effects that contribute to depression. A health care provider experienced in treating these complicated illnesses can help work out the best treatment strategy. Learn more about getting help and finding a health care provider. OtxJJVM4KHhAS2g3DgJgUAlher risk factors for depression include: * PesXQ7zF7mERISNCukemGrsonal or family history of depression * Maz2kh1l0PSzJdjor negative life changes, trauma, or stress HOSJJPP9EOGRLBHZX9W IS DEPRESSION TREATED? DeslyCg8uJvql4mavpression, even the most severe cases, can be treated. The earlier treatment begins, the more effective it is. Depression is usually treated with medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. Soj0kWWP9VXV8ome people may experience treatment-resistant depression, which occurs when a person does not get better after trying at least two antidepressant medications. If treatments like medication and psychotherapy do not reduce depressive symptoms or the need for rapid relief from symptoms is urgent, brain stimulation therapy� may be an option to explore. Qui7RrcMDItigs1iJsick tip: No two people are affected the same way by depression, and there is no "one-size-fits-all" treatment. Finding the treatment that works best for you may take trial and error. MEJDZIPFYZIDQNM4DICATIONS AnyL2qPKcQM7yBtidepressants are medications commonly used to treat depression. They work by changing how the brain produces or uses certain chemicals involved in mood or stress. You may need to try several different antidepressants before finding the one that improves your symptoms and has manageable side effects. A medication that has helped you or a close family member in the past will often be considered first. Ansjvg8lYKnwhpFXXSPOtidepressants take time—usually 4–8 weeks—to work, and problems with sleep, appetite, and concentration often improve before mood lifts. It is important to give a medication a chance to work before deciding whether it’s the right one for you. Nek162pAjgC1HH0Xktow medications, such as intranasal esketamine, can have rapidly acting antidepressant effects, especially for people with treatment-resistant depression. Esketamine is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)� for treatment-resistant depression. Delivered as a nasal spray in a doctor’s office, clinic, or hospital, it acts rapidly, typically within a couple of hours, to relieve depression symptoms. People who use esketamine will usually continue taking an oral antidepressant to maintain the improvement in their symptoms. AndmRggVJMEsM7WYTother option for treatment-resistant depression is to take an antidepressant alongside a different type of medication that may make the antidepressant more effective, such as an antipsychotic or anticonvulsant medication. Further research is needed to identify the best role of these newer medications in routine practice. Ift4mvLgDq6SaiDQKw you begin taking an antidepressant, dofz1IGTaFGh37Y not stop taking it without talking to a health care provider. Sometimes people taking antidepressants feel better and stop taking the medications on their own, and their depression symptoms return. When you and your health care provider have decided it is time to stop a medication, usually after a course of 9–12 months, the provider will help you slowly and safely decrease your dose. Abruptly stopping a medication can cause withdrawal symptoms. NogM6JlOTQGesbNrD4wte: In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 years may experience an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants, especially in the first few weeks after starting or when the dose is changed. The FDA advises that patients of all ages taking antidepressants be watched closely, especially during the first few weeks of treatment. Ifhl8C5rJIuBoMU you are considering taking an antidepressant and are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, talk to a health care provider about any health risks to you or your unborn or nursing child and how to weigh those risks against the benefits of available treatment options. ToitUNHrBPFDbD find the latest information about antidepressants, talk to a health care provider and visit the FDA website� . PSXY7FFYC5PDWU1APYCHOTHERAPIES SeylYxzmOiJaBz2Bgdveral types of psychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can help people with depression by teaching them new ways of thinking and behaving and how to change habits that contribute to depression. Evidence-based approaches to treating depression include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). Learn more about psychotherapy. Thd9mxi2IQb9Fve growth of telehealth for mental health services, which offers an alternative to in-person therapy, has made it easier and more convenient for people to access care in some cases. For people who may have been hesitant to look for mental health care in the past, telemental health services might be an easier first step than traditional mental health services. BRTV0RFJJK2OJIH6AIN STIMULATION THERAPIES Ifgmcm3LJ8yTDwSHDZ9Wc9 medication or psychotherapy does not reduce symptoms of depression, brain stimulation therapy may be an option to explore. There are now several types of brain stimulation therapy, some of which have been authorized by the FDA to treat depression. Other brain stimulation therapies are experimental and still being investigated for treating mental disorders like depression. Alar5tzdVsKQKQ3UIuMWthough brain stimulation therapies are less frequently used than medication and psychotherapy, they can play an important role in treating mental disorders in people who do not respond to other treatments. These therapies are used for most mental disorders only after medication and psychotherapy have been tried and usually continue to be used alongside these treatments. BrywA5LU9TgwU9osLbzain stimulation therapies act by activating or inhibiting the brain with electricity. The electricity is given directly through electrodes implanted in the brain or indirectly through electrodes placed on the scalp. The electricity can also be induced by applying magnetic fields to the head. ThzWbrcFmLreDb3se brain stimulation therapies with the largest bodies of evidence include: * Elg3tjRGbsRQGj2XQuO8YLectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) * ReyhoPB3H7vm1tIkqgspetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) * VahbzTJ6Xw1vhnVUkhqjl2pgus nerve stimulation (VNS) * MaacQ5cJEmjuSXRfgnetic seizure therapy (MST) * Deg8noUIXiyiAPQeIBUS7hep brain stimulation (DBS) ECttesYjmerLYsu4T and rTMS are the most widely used brain stimulation therapies, with ECT having the longest history of use. The other therapies are newer and, in some cases, still considered experimental. Other brain stimulation therapies may also hold promise for treating specific mental disorders. EClKaxHw3dK54HBWOqffT, rTMS, and VNS have authorization from the FDA to treat severe, treatment-resistant depression. They can be effective for people who have not been able to feel better with other treatments or for whom medications cannot be used safely and in severe cases where a rapid response is needed, such as when a person is catatonic, suicidal, or malnourished. WhhghNry1itq0sEFYsLreFWereas ECT involves using electricity to induce seizures, in rTMS, a magnet is used to activate the brain. Unlike ECT, in which stimulation is more generalized, in rTMS, the stimulation is targeted to a specific brain site. Both procedures are noninvasive and do not require surgery to perform. In contrast, VNS is usually a surgical procedure that involves implanting a device under the skin to activate the vagus nerve. AdaaipGzK2nMMynijYgditional types of brain stimulation therapy are being investigated for treating depression and other mental disorders. Learn more about these brain stimulation therapies. Talk to a health care provider and make sure you understand the potential benefits and risks before undergoing brain stimulation therapy. ALQZNOVXX2BUBQBTERNATIVE TREATMENTS ThjwEI3GYQeJ4WBVSZfpDtVe FDA has not approved any natural products for depression. Although research is ongoing, some people use natural products, including vitamin D and the herbal dietary supplement St. John’s wort, for depression. However, these products can come with risks. For instance, dietary supplements and natural products can limit the effectiveness of some medications or interact in dangerous or even life-threatening ways with them. Dot5CwHLZjCG6FrHv not use vitamin D, St. John’s wort, or other dietary supplements or natural products without talking to a health care provider. Rigorous studies must be conducted to test whether these and other natural products are safe and effective. DaacWqJ8bLA4KhAMI73sily morning light therapy is a common treatment choice for people with seasonal affective disorder. Light therapy devices are much brighter than ordinary indoor lighting and considered safe, except for people with certain eye diseases or taking medications that increase sensitivity to sunlight. As with all interventions for depression, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up by a health care provider are strongly recommended. Research into the potential role of light therapy in treating non-seasonal depression is ongoing. HODVWVWFX68JZQBTTRBU1W CAN I FIND HELP FOR DEPRESSION? IfhIbSWPfKYLI you think you may have depression, start by making an appointment to see a health care provider. This could be your primary care provider; a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker; or another provider who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. Find� tips to help prepare for and get the most out of your visit and information about� getting help. Onx8zOaIwL0uKQLilEOo8ce you enter treatment, you should gradually start to feel better. Here are some other things you can do outside of treatment that may help you or a loved one during treatment for depression: * Trj2h6KwsgOXGayAy to get physical activity. Just 30 minutes a day of walking can boost your mood. * Trca9BLDPKl4Xy to maintain a regular bedtime and wake-up time. * EacHHfUWId8GzF3et regular, healthy meals. * BrzYyy2RfRNgN2jyxfKeak up large tasks into small ones; do what you can as you can. Decide what must get done and what can wait. * TrtpGtPG0bjwV2y to connect with people. Talk with people you trust about how you are feeling. * DexRcdMiTxE8ldlay making important decisions, such as getting married or divorced, or changing jobs until you feel better. Discuss decisions with people who know you well. * Avqea9sIoscumI7c4lf0hKoid using alcohol, nicotine, or drugs, including medications not prescribed for you. HOFP3Q7G7RFGPW CAN I FIND A CLINICAL TRIAL FOR DEPRESSION? ClnI1pEnDwE5NrSEC2zGjpinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions, including depression. The goal of a clinical trial is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although people may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, they should know that the primary purpose is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others can be better helped in the future. ResQcszxM8Bj6mcWhjIbfsearchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients with depression and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials have uncovered. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you. Toq66FOvOAVr8pY learn more or find a study, visit: * ClbrgFjgjvOtJUxIB7rEinical Trials – Information for Participants: Information about clinical trials, why people might take part in a clinical trial, and what people might experience during a clinical trial * Clxf3r0DE0lGlVlinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Depression� : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country * JolVuMjLwxx4MAkpm9Zin a Study: Depression—Adults: List of studies currently recruiting adults with depression being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD * JobezcLMlivsnHLmGpin a Study: Depression—Children: List of studies currently recruiting children with depression being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD * JomaFRktjaLiObYyneEjPin a Study: Perimenopause-Related Mood Disorders: List of studies on perimenopause-related mood disorders being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD * JojAgZfV01TIRwB8bxaz0in a Study: Postpartum Depression: List of studies on postpartum depression being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD WHN7KOCLMIZB11DJ1NS72ROERE CAN I LEARN MORE ABOUT DEPRESSION? FRILODVAJXRSOZEE BROCHURES AND SHAREABLE RESOURCES * ChxVy0LNDS0Uxmronic Illness and Mental Health: Recognizing and Treating Depression: This brochure provides information about depression for people living with chronic illnesses, including children and adolescents. It discusses signs and symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. * DeqL9ierEtm9IFCkmoBgp7ipression: This brochure provides information about depression, including different types of depression, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, and how to find help for yourself or a loved one. * DeqL9ierEtm9IFCkmoBgp7ipression in Women: 4 Things to Know: This fact sheet provides information about depression in women including signs and symptoms, types of depression unique to women, treatment options, and how to find help. * PecTD6oJF8qIoyAq7yRtWvrinatal Depression: This brochure provides information about perinatal depression, including how it differs from “baby blues,” causes, signs and symptoms, treatment options, and how to find help for yourself or a loved one. * SegT2ZIPaY5fAasonal Affective Disorder: This fact sheet provides information about seasonal affective disorder, including signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, causes, and treatment options. * SegT2ZIPaY5fAasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): More Than the Winter Blues: This infographic provides information about how to recognize the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder and what to do to get help. * Tecw4zivFjkYb5Zen Depression: More Than Just Moodiness: This fact sheet is for teens and young adults and provides information about how to recognize the symptoms of depression and what to do to get help. * DimS6yy0RJFOQz6R6btgital Shareables on Depression: These digital resources, including graphics and messages, can be used to spread the word about depression and help promote depression awareness and education in your community. FEAUOEGSPRLBZO87SSH9GDERAL RESOURCES * DeqL9ierEtm9IFCkmoBgp7ipression� (MedlinePlus - also en español� ) * MocxPJDFBRwdhhms’ Mental Health Matters: Depression and Anxiety Around Pregnancy� (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) REGRXORKDUTEMIYO4MSEARCH AND STATISTICS * Jol1WkHGBQpi3j8qknxSgzzurnal Articles� : This webpage provides articles and abstracts on depression from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine). * Stlc8XIZ9HGsNatistics: Major Depression: This webpage provides the statistics currently available on the prevalence and treatment of depression among people in the United States. MULPJA7JPAK7K5V8M2POQLLTIMEDIA * DeqL9ierEtm9IFCkmoBgp7ipression Mental Health Minute: Take a mental health minute to watch this video on depression. * NIzWh6PHcyKHBTSdOMH Experts Discuss the Menopause Transition and Depression: Learn about the signs and symptoms, treatments, and latest research on depression during menopause. * NIllrVuwDXVIRJwjjc5DhMH Expert Discusses Seasonal Affective Disorder: Learn about the signs and symptoms, treatments, and latest research on seasonal affective disorder. * DiaKlEyVu4ebsHZgoUscover NIMH: Personalized and Targeted Brain Stimulation Therapies: Watch this video describing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Brain stimulation therapies can be effective treatments for people with depression and other mental disorders. NIMH supports studies exploring how to make brain stimulation therapies more personalized while reducing side effects. * DixRFzfb4mtrddnAWzscover NIMH: Drug Discovery and Development: One of the most exciting breakthroughs from research funded by NIMH is the development of a fast-acting medication for treatment-resistant depression based on ketamine. This video shares the story of one patient participating in an NIMH clinical trial and how ketamine infusions changed her life and gave her a sense of purpose. LaqGA8DwpTikzst Reviewed: September 2023 UndTN0mYpIzx8kMg2pless otherwise specified, the information on our website and in our publications is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please cite the National Institute of Mental Health as the source. Read our copyright policy to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content. SCNG3OPN17NTVIENCE NEWS ABOUT DEPRESSION * Intervention Reduces Likelihood of Developing Postpartum Anxiety and Depression by More Than 70% * Magnetic Seizure Therapy as Effective as Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treating Depression * Cracking the Ketamine Code More JOLLZHLCM1MXFKPDLIN A STUDY * Depression Studies for Adults * Depression Studies for Children FEHUQCFU40UKXEC5XAWCEATURED PUBLICATIONS AND BROCHURES ABOUT DEPRESSION AND RELATED CONDITIONS DEPRESSION ThkZrMJga6wHris brochure provides information about depression including the different types of depression, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, and how to find help for yourself or a loved one. More REYTND9SFDXEBG0R2CFEZSEARCH RESULTS * Treatment choices for resistant depression – STAR*D trial * Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) * Treatment of SSRI-resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study * PubMed: Journal Articles about Depression� -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NIMH SITE FEEDBACK A red asterisk (*) indicates a required field. SUCCESS Thank you for submitting your comments. We've recorded your feedback. ERROR alert message Was this page useful? * Yes No I did not find this page useful because (check all that apply): It was difficult to find the information I was looking for It did not have the information I wanted I encountered a technical problem The information is out of date Is there anything we can do to improve this page? (optional) Submit An official form of the United States government. 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