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https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2081003
Submission: On December 22 via api from US — Scanned from US
Submission: On December 22 via api from US — Scanned from US
Form analysis 1 forms found in the DOM
POST ./PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2081003
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<div class="MinistryNameSubhead text-center"> Ministry of Communications </div>
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<h2 id="Titleh2"> International Advisory Body Formed to Strengthen the Resilience of Submarine Telecom Cables<br>
</h2>
<h3 id="Subtitleh3">
<span id="ltrSubtitle"><br>Dr.Neeraj Mittal, Secretary (Telecom), to represent India in the 40-member International Advisory Body<br><br>The Advisory Body will meet bi-annually to consult on international policies, infrastructure, and best
practices for improving submarine cable resilience<br><br>Inaugural virtual meeting scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025</span>
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<div id="PrDateTime" class="ReleaseDateSubHeaddateTime text-center pt20"> Posted On: 05 DEC 2024 1:30PM by PIB Delhi </div>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine telecommunication cables are the backbone of global communication, carrying approximately 99% of internet traffic and
supporting critical services such as commerce, finance, government operations, digital health, and education. However, these cables are vulnerable to damage, with an estimated 150-200 faults occurring globally every year. Damage is caused
by a range of factors including fishing, anchoring, natural hazards, and equipment failure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">To address the growing challenges and ensure the continued resilience of this critical infrastructure, the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) have jointly launched the International Advisory Body for Submarine Cable Resilience. This initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of submarine
cables, which are essential to the functioning of the global digital economy.</span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image002P3LG.png" style="height:608px; width:482px"></span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Advisory Body’s Role and Global Representation</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The newly formed International Advisory Body will work towards promoting best practices across governments and industries to
improve cable resilience, reduce risks of damage, and ensure the swift repair and deployment of these vital systems. The Advisory Body will also provide strategic guidance to address challenges related to increasing traffic, aging
infrastructure, and growing environmental threats to submarine cables.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Comprising 40 members from around the world—including ministers, heads of regulatory authorities, and senior experts in
telecommunications—the body reflects a diverse global perspective. Members come from all regions, ensuring that the voices of both small island nations and large economies are represented. The collective experience of the body will help
address the needs of those whose livelihoods depend on submarine cables, as well as those responsible for deploying, maintaining, and protecting this critical infrastructure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Leadership and Meetings</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The Advisory Body will be co-chaired by H.E. Minister Bosun Tijani, Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy of
Nigeria, and Prof. SandraMaximiano, Chair of the Board of Directors of Portugal’s National Communications Authority (ANACOM).</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The body will meet at least twice a year to consult on international policies, telecommunications infrastructure, and best
practices for improving resilience. The inaugural virtual meeting is scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>India’s Role in Submarine Cable Infrastructure</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">India plays a key role in the global submarine cable network. The country hosts around 17 international subsea cables across 14
distinct landing stations located in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, and Trivandrum. As of the end of 2022, the total lit capacity and activated capacity of these cables stood at 138.606 Tbps and 111.111 Tbps,
respectively.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Indian telecom operators involved in submarine cable infrastructure include:</span></span></p>
<ul style="margin-left:40px">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Tata Communications, which owns five cable landing stations in Mumbai, Chennai, and Cochin.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Global Cloud eXchange (formerly Reliance Globalcom), which owns stations in Mumbai and Trivandrum.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Reliance Jio, with cable landing stations in Chennai and Mumbai and new projects underway.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Bharti Airtel, operating stations in Chennai and Mumbai, and also landing the 2Africa/EMIC-1 and SEA-ME WE 6
cables.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Sify Technologies and BSNL, both involved in the operation of various cable landing stations.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Vodafone and IOX, the latter planning to construct a new cable landing station in Puducherry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>About ICPC</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The <strong>International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC)</strong>, founded in 1958, is a global forum for governments and
commercial entities involved in the submarine cable industry. Its primary mission is to enhance the security of undersea cables by providing a platform for exchanging technical, legal, and environmental information.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Background on Submarine Cable Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine cables form the foundation of global communications, linking continents and connecting markets. As of 2024, more than 500
active and planned submarine cable systems are in operation, transmitting vast amounts of data with high efficiency. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">These modern cables are designed to transmit vast amounts of data over long distances with high efficiency. The outer protective
layer shields against environmental hazards such as deep-sea pressure, corrosion, and marine activity, while the core fibre strands are optimized for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss. This infrastructure is
indispensable for real-time applications such as financial trading, video conferencing and live streaming.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">From design to deployment, a submarine cable can take over two years to become operational. This timeline is influenced by a
combination of factors, including securing funding, navigating permitting and regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental and operational requirements. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">However, this infrastructure faces increasing challenges due to environmental hazards, aging systems, and complex regulatory
environments.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">In 2023, over 200 submarine cable repairs were reported globally, highlighting the vulnerabilities of this critical infrastructure.
Disruptions to submarine cable systems can have far-reaching consequences, including economic instability, security concerns, and internet access disruptions for millions of people.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>ITU’s Contribution to Global Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as the UN agency for digital technologies, recognizes the vital role submarine
cables play in global communications. ITU is at the forefront of efforts to enhance the resilience of these cables, through cooperation, standard-setting, and technical guidance. Through the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable
Resilience, ITU aims to develop best practices for securing submarine cable infrastructure, addressing issues such as cable maintenance, damage prevention, rapid recovery after disruptions, and the adoption of sustainable industry
practices.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-color:white"><span
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<td style="font-weight: 200; text-align: center"> Ministry of Communications <div style="height: 30px; width: 100%;">
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<div style="font-weight: 200; text-align: center; font-size: 30px;"> International Advisory Body Formed to Strengthen the Resilience of Submarine Telecom Cables </div>
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<div style="font-weight: 200; text-align: center; font-size: 30px;">
<div style="height:30px;width:100%;"></div>Dr.Neeraj Mittal, Secretary (Telecom), to represent India in the 40-member International Advisory Body<div style="height:30px;width:100%;"></div>
<div style="height:30px;width:100%;"></div>The Advisory Body will meet bi-annually to consult on international policies, infrastructure, and best practices for improving submarine cable resilience<div style="height:30px;width:100%;">
</div>
<div style="height:30px;width:100%;"></div>Inaugural virtual meeting scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025
</div>
<div style="height: 30px; width: 100%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px;"> Posted On: 05 DEC 2024 1:30PM by PIB Delhi </div>
<div style="height: 30px; width: 100%;">
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<div style="font-weight: 200; text-align: left; font-size: 16px;">
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine telecommunication cables are the backbone of global communication, carrying approximately 99% of internet traffic
and supporting critical services such as commerce, finance, government operations, digital health, and education. However, these cables are vulnerable to damage, with an estimated 150-200 faults occurring globally every year.
Damage is caused by a range of factors including fishing, anchoring, natural hazards, and equipment failure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">To address the growing challenges and ensure the continued resilience of this critical infrastructure, the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) have jointly launched the International Advisory Body for Submarine Cable Resilience. This initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of
submarine cables, which are essential to the functioning of the global digital economy.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image001DT84.png"
style="height:191px; width:490px"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image002P3LG.png"
style="height:608px; width:482px"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Advisory Body’s Role and Global Representation</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The newly formed International Advisory Body will work towards promoting best practices across governments and industries
to improve cable resilience, reduce risks of damage, and ensure the swift repair and deployment of these vital systems. The Advisory Body will also provide strategic guidance to address challenges related to increasing traffic,
aging infrastructure, and growing environmental threats to submarine cables.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Comprising 40 members from around the world—including ministers, heads of regulatory authorities, and senior experts in
telecommunications—the body reflects a diverse global perspective. Members come from all regions, ensuring that the voices of both small island nations and large economies are represented. The collective experience of the body
will help address the needs of those whose livelihoods depend on submarine cables, as well as those responsible for deploying, maintaining, and protecting this critical infrastructure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Leadership and Meetings</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The Advisory Body will be co-chaired by H.E. Minister Bosun Tijani, Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital
Economy of Nigeria, and Prof. SandraMaximiano, Chair of the Board of Directors of Portugal’s National Communications Authority (ANACOM).</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The body will meet at least twice a year to consult on international policies, telecommunications infrastructure, and best
practices for improving resilience. The inaugural virtual meeting is scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>India’s Role in Submarine Cable Infrastructure</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">India plays a key role in the global submarine cable network. The country hosts around 17 international subsea cables
across 14 distinct landing stations located in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, and Trivandrum. As of the end of 2022, the total lit capacity and activated capacity of these cables stood at 138.606 Tbps and 111.111 Tbps,
respectively.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Indian telecom operators involved in submarine cable infrastructure include:</span></span></p>
<ul style="margin-left:40px">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Tata Communications, which owns five cable landing stations in Mumbai, Chennai, and Cochin.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Global Cloud eXchange (formerly Reliance Globalcom), which owns stations in Mumbai and Trivandrum.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Reliance Jio, with cable landing stations in Chennai and Mumbai and new projects underway.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Bharti Airtel, operating stations in Chennai and Mumbai, and also landing the 2Africa/EMIC-1 and SEA-ME WE 6
cables.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Sify Technologies and BSNL, both involved in the operation of various cable landing stations.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Vodafone and IOX, the latter planning to construct a new cable landing station in Puducherry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>About ICPC</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The <strong>International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC)</strong>, founded in 1958, is a global forum for governments
and commercial entities involved in the submarine cable industry. Its primary mission is to enhance the security of undersea cables by providing a platform for exchanging technical, legal, and environmental
information.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Background on Submarine Cable Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine cables form the foundation of global communications, linking continents and connecting markets. As of 2024, more
than 500 active and planned submarine cable systems are in operation, transmitting vast amounts of data with high efficiency. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">These modern cables are designed to transmit vast amounts of data over long distances with high efficiency. The outer
protective layer shields against environmental hazards such as deep-sea pressure, corrosion, and marine activity, while the core fibre strands are optimized for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss. This
infrastructure is indispensable for real-time applications such as financial trading, video conferencing and live streaming.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">From design to deployment, a submarine cable can take over two years to become operational. This timeline is influenced by
a combination of factors, including securing funding, navigating permitting and regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental and operational requirements. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">However, this infrastructure faces increasing challenges due to environmental hazards, aging systems, and complex
regulatory environments.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">In 2023, over 200 submarine cable repairs were reported globally, highlighting the vulnerabilities of this critical
infrastructure. Disruptions to submarine cable systems can have far-reaching consequences, including economic instability, security concerns, and internet access disruptions for millions of people.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>ITU’s Contribution to Global Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as the UN agency for digital technologies, recognizes the vital role
submarine cables play in global communications. ITU is at the forefront of efforts to enhance the resilience of these cables, through cooperation, standard-setting, and technical guidance. Through the International Advisory Body
on Submarine Cable Resilience, ITU aims to develop best practices for securing submarine cable infrastructure, addressing issues such as cable maintenance, damage prevention, rapid recovery after disruptions, and the adoption of
sustainable industry practices.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-color:white"><span
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<input type="hidden" name="ltrTitlee" id="ltrTitlee" value="International Advisory Body Formed to Strengthen the Resilience of Submarine Telecom Cables">
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value="<br/>Dr.Neeraj Mittal, Secretary (Telecom), to represent India in the 40-member International Advisory Body<br/><br/>The Advisory Body will meet bi-annually to consult on international policies, infrastructure, and best practices for improving submarine cable resilience<br/><br/>Inaugural virtual meeting scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025">
<input type="hidden" name="ltrDescriptionn" id="ltrDescriptionn" value="<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine telecommunication cables are the backbone of global communication, carrying approximately 99% of internet traffic and supporting critical services such as commerce, finance, government operations, digital health, and education. However, these cables are vulnerable to damage, with an estimated 150-200 faults occurring globally every year. Damage is caused by a range of factors including fishing, anchoring, natural hazards, and equipment failure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">To address the growing challenges and ensure the continued resilience of this critical infrastructure, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) have jointly launched the International Advisory Body for Submarine Cable Resilience. This initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of submarine cables, which are essential to the functioning of the global digital economy.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image001DT84.png" style="height:191px; width:490px" /></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image002P3LG.png" style="height:608px; width:482px" /></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Advisory Body&rsquo;s Role and Global Representation</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The newly formed International Advisory Body will work towards promoting best practices across governments and industries to improve cable resilience, reduce risks of damage, and ensure the swift repair and deployment of these vital systems. The Advisory Body will also provide strategic guidance to address challenges related to increasing traffic, aging infrastructure, and growing environmental threats to submarine cables.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Comprising 40 members from around the world&mdash;including ministers, heads of regulatory authorities, and senior experts in telecommunications&mdash;the body reflects a diverse global perspective. Members come from all regions, ensuring that the voices of both small island nations and large economies are represented. The collective experience of the body will help address the needs of those whose livelihoods depend on submarine cables, as well as those responsible for deploying, maintaining, and protecting this critical infrastructure.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Leadership and Meetings</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The Advisory Body will be co-chaired by H.E. Minister Bosun Tijani, Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy of Nigeria, and Prof. SandraMaximiano, Chair of the Board of Directors of Portugal&rsquo;s National Communications Authority (ANACOM).</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The body will meet at least twice a year to consult on international policies, telecommunications infrastructure, and best practices for improving resilience. The inaugural virtual meeting is scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>India&rsquo;s Role in Submarine Cable Infrastructure</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">India plays a key role in the global submarine cable network. The country hosts around 17 international subsea cables across 14 distinct landing stations located in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, and Trivandrum. As of the end of 2022, the total lit capacity and activated capacity of these cables stood at 138.606 Tbps and 111.111 Tbps, respectively.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Indian telecom operators involved in submarine cable infrastructure include:</span></span></p>
<ul style="margin-left:40px">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Tata Communications, which owns five cable landing stations in Mumbai, Chennai, and Cochin.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Global Cloud eXchange (formerly Reliance Globalcom), which owns stations in Mumbai and Trivandrum.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Reliance Jio, with cable landing stations in Chennai and Mumbai and new projects underway.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Bharti Airtel, operating stations in Chennai and Mumbai, and also landing the 2Africa/EMIC-1 and SEA-ME WE 6 cables.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Sify Technologies and BSNL, both involved in the operation of various cable landing stations.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Vodafone and IOX, the latter planning to construct a new cable landing station in Puducherry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>About ICPC</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The <strong>International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC)</strong>, founded in 1958, is a global forum for governments and commercial entities involved in the submarine cable industry. Its primary mission is to enhance the security of undersea cables by providing a platform for exchanging technical, legal, and environmental information.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Background on Submarine Cable Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Submarine cables form the foundation of global communications, linking continents and connecting markets. As of 2024, more than 500 active and planned submarine cable systems are in operation, transmitting vast amounts of data with high efficiency. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">These modern cables are designed to transmit vast amounts of data over long distances with high efficiency. The outer protective layer shields against environmental hazards such as deep-sea pressure, corrosion, and marine activity, while the core fibre strands are optimized for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss. This infrastructure is indispensable for real-time applications such as financial trading, video conferencing and live streaming.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">From design to deployment, a submarine cable can take over two years to become operational. This timeline is influenced by a combination of factors, including securing funding, navigating permitting and regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental and operational requirements. </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">However, this infrastructure faces increasing challenges due to environmental hazards, aging systems, and complex regulatory environments.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">In 2023, over 200 submarine cable repairs were reported globally, highlighting the vulnerabilities of this critical infrastructure. Disruptions to submarine cable systems can have far-reaching consequences, including economic instability, security concerns, and internet access disruptions for millions of people.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>ITU&rsquo;s Contribution to Global Resilience</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as the UN agency for digital technologies, recognizes the vital role submarine cables play in global communications. ITU is at the forefront of efforts to enhance the resilience of these cables, through cooperation, standard-setting, and technical guidance. Through the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience, ITU aims to develop best practices for securing submarine cable infrastructure, addressing issues such as cable maintenance, damage prevention, rapid recovery after disruptions, and the adoption of sustainable industry practices.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#333333">****</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Ministry of Communications INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BODY FORMED TO STRENGTHEN THE RESILIENCE OF SUBMARINE TELECOM CABLES DR.NEERAJ MITTAL, SECRETARY (TELECOM), TO REPRESENT INDIA IN THE 40-MEMBER INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BODY THE ADVISORY BODY WILL MEET BI-ANNUALLY TO CONSULT ON INTERNATIONAL POLICIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING SUBMARINE CABLE RESILIENCE INAUGURAL VIRTUAL MEETING SCHEDULED FOR 12TH DECEMBER 2024, FOLLOWED BY A PHYSICAL MEETING AT THE SUBMARINE CABLE RESILIENCE SUMMIT IN ABUJA, NIGERIA, IN FEBRUARY 2025 Posted On: 05 DEC 2024 1:30PM by PIB Delhi Submarine telecommunication cables are the backbone of global communication, carrying approximately 99% of internet traffic and supporting critical services such as commerce, finance, government operations, digital health, and education. However, these cables are vulnerable to damage, with an estimated 150-200 faults occurring globally every year. Damage is caused by a range of factors including fishing, anchoring, natural hazards, and equipment failure. To address the growing challenges and ensure the continued resilience of this critical infrastructure, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) have jointly launched the International Advisory Body for Submarine Cable Resilience. This initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of submarine cables, which are essential to the functioning of the global digital economy. Advisory Body’s Role and Global Representation The newly formed International Advisory Body will work towards promoting best practices across governments and industries to improve cable resilience, reduce risks of damage, and ensure the swift repair and deployment of these vital systems. The Advisory Body will also provide strategic guidance to address challenges related to increasing traffic, aging infrastructure, and growing environmental threats to submarine cables. Comprising 40 members from around the world—including ministers, heads of regulatory authorities, and senior experts in telecommunications—the body reflects a diverse global perspective. Members come from all regions, ensuring that the voices of both small island nations and large economies are represented. The collective experience of the body will help address the needs of those whose livelihoods depend on submarine cables, as well as those responsible for deploying, maintaining, and protecting this critical infrastructure. Leadership and Meetings The Advisory Body will be co-chaired by H.E. Minister Bosun Tijani, Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy of Nigeria, and Prof. SandraMaximiano, Chair of the Board of Directors of Portugal’s National Communications Authority (ANACOM). The body will meet at least twice a year to consult on international policies, telecommunications infrastructure, and best practices for improving resilience. The inaugural virtual meeting is scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025. India’s Role in Submarine Cable Infrastructure India plays a key role in the global submarine cable network. The country hosts around 17 international subsea cables across 14 distinct landing stations located in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, and Trivandrum. As of the end of 2022, the total lit capacity and activated capacity of these cables stood at 138.606 Tbps and 111.111 Tbps, respectively. Indian telecom operators involved in submarine cable infrastructure include: * Tata Communications, which owns five cable landing stations in Mumbai, Chennai, and Cochin. * Global Cloud eXchange (formerly Reliance Globalcom), which owns stations in Mumbai and Trivandrum. * Reliance Jio, with cable landing stations in Chennai and Mumbai and new projects underway. * Bharti Airtel, operating stations in Chennai and Mumbai, and also landing the 2Africa/EMIC-1 and SEA-ME WE 6 cables. * Sify Technologies and BSNL, both involved in the operation of various cable landing stations. * Vodafone and IOX, the latter planning to construct a new cable landing station in Puducherry. About ICPC The International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), founded in 1958, is a global forum for governments and commercial entities involved in the submarine cable industry. Its primary mission is to enhance the security of undersea cables by providing a platform for exchanging technical, legal, and environmental information. Background on Submarine Cable Resilience Submarine cables form the foundation of global communications, linking continents and connecting markets. As of 2024, more than 500 active and planned submarine cable systems are in operation, transmitting vast amounts of data with high efficiency. These modern cables are designed to transmit vast amounts of data over long distances with high efficiency. The outer protective layer shields against environmental hazards such as deep-sea pressure, corrosion, and marine activity, while the core fibre strands are optimized for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss. This infrastructure is indispensable for real-time applications such as financial trading, video conferencing and live streaming. From design to deployment, a submarine cable can take over two years to become operational. This timeline is influenced by a combination of factors, including securing funding, navigating permitting and regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental and operational requirements. However, this infrastructure faces increasing challenges due to environmental hazards, aging systems, and complex regulatory environments. In 2023, over 200 submarine cable repairs were reported globally, highlighting the vulnerabilities of this critical infrastructure. Disruptions to submarine cable systems can have far-reaching consequences, including economic instability, security concerns, and internet access disruptions for millions of people. ITU’s Contribution to Global Resilience The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as the UN agency for digital technologies, recognizes the vital role submarine cables play in global communications. ITU is at the forefront of efforts to enhance the resilience of these cables, through cooperation, standard-setting, and technical guidance. Through the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience, ITU aims to develop best practices for securing submarine cable infrastructure, addressing issues such as cable maintenance, damage prevention, rapid recovery after disruptions, and the adoption of sustainable industry practices. **** [Follow DoT Handles for more :- X - https://x.com/DoT_India Insta - https://www.instagram.com/department_of_telecom?igsh=MXUxbHFjd3llZTU0YQ== Fb - https://www.facebook.com/DoTIndia YT- https://www.youtube.com/@departmentoftelecom] ***** SB/DP/ARJ (Release ID: 2081003) Visitor Counter : 1108 Read this release in: Urdu , Hindi , Tamil Ministry of Communications International Advisory Body Formed to Strengthen the Resilience of Submarine Telecom Cables Dr.Neeraj Mittal, Secretary (Telecom), to represent India in the 40-member International Advisory Body The Advisory Body will meet bi-annually to consult on international policies, infrastructure, and best practices for improving submarine cable resilience Inaugural virtual meeting scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025 Posted On: 05 DEC 2024 1:30PM by PIB Delhi Submarine telecommunication cables are the backbone of global communication, carrying approximately 99% of internet traffic and supporting critical services such as commerce, finance, government operations, digital health, and education. However, these cables are vulnerable to damage, with an estimated 150-200 faults occurring globally every year. Damage is caused by a range of factors including fishing, anchoring, natural hazards, and equipment failure. To address the growing challenges and ensure the continued resilience of this critical infrastructure, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) have jointly launched the International Advisory Body for Submarine Cable Resilience. This initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of submarine cables, which are essential to the functioning of the global digital economy. Advisory Body’s Role and Global Representation The newly formed International Advisory Body will work towards promoting best practices across governments and industries to improve cable resilience, reduce risks of damage, and ensure the swift repair and deployment of these vital systems. The Advisory Body will also provide strategic guidance to address challenges related to increasing traffic, aging infrastructure, and growing environmental threats to submarine cables. Comprising 40 members from around the world—including ministers, heads of regulatory authorities, and senior experts in telecommunications—the body reflects a diverse global perspective. Members come from all regions, ensuring that the voices of both small island nations and large economies are represented. The collective experience of the body will help address the needs of those whose livelihoods depend on submarine cables, as well as those responsible for deploying, maintaining, and protecting this critical infrastructure. Leadership and Meetings The Advisory Body will be co-chaired by H.E. Minister Bosun Tijani, Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy of Nigeria, and Prof. SandraMaximiano, Chair of the Board of Directors of Portugal’s National Communications Authority (ANACOM). The body will meet at least twice a year to consult on international policies, telecommunications infrastructure, and best practices for improving resilience. The inaugural virtual meeting is scheduled for 12th December 2024, followed by a physical meeting at the Submarine Cable Resilience Summit in Abuja, Nigeria, in February 2025. India’s Role in Submarine Cable Infrastructure India plays a key role in the global submarine cable network. The country hosts around 17 international subsea cables across 14 distinct landing stations located in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, and Trivandrum. As of the end of 2022, the total lit capacity and activated capacity of these cables stood at 138.606 Tbps and 111.111 Tbps, respectively. Indian telecom operators involved in submarine cable infrastructure include: * Tata Communications, which owns five cable landing stations in Mumbai, Chennai, and Cochin. * Global Cloud eXchange (formerly Reliance Globalcom), which owns stations in Mumbai and Trivandrum. * Reliance Jio, with cable landing stations in Chennai and Mumbai and new projects underway. * Bharti Airtel, operating stations in Chennai and Mumbai, and also landing the 2Africa/EMIC-1 and SEA-ME WE 6 cables. * Sify Technologies and BSNL, both involved in the operation of various cable landing stations. * Vodafone and IOX, the latter planning to construct a new cable landing station in Puducherry. About ICPC The International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), founded in 1958, is a global forum for governments and commercial entities involved in the submarine cable industry. Its primary mission is to enhance the security of undersea cables by providing a platform for exchanging technical, legal, and environmental information. Background on Submarine Cable Resilience Submarine cables form the foundation of global communications, linking continents and connecting markets. As of 2024, more than 500 active and planned submarine cable systems are in operation, transmitting vast amounts of data with high efficiency. These modern cables are designed to transmit vast amounts of data over long distances with high efficiency. The outer protective layer shields against environmental hazards such as deep-sea pressure, corrosion, and marine activity, while the core fibre strands are optimized for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss. This infrastructure is indispensable for real-time applications such as financial trading, video conferencing and live streaming. From design to deployment, a submarine cable can take over two years to become operational. This timeline is influenced by a combination of factors, including securing funding, navigating permitting and regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental and operational requirements. However, this infrastructure faces increasing challenges due to environmental hazards, aging systems, and complex regulatory environments. In 2023, over 200 submarine cable repairs were reported globally, highlighting the vulnerabilities of this critical infrastructure. Disruptions to submarine cable systems can have far-reaching consequences, including economic instability, security concerns, and internet access disruptions for millions of people. ITU’s Contribution to Global Resilience The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as the UN agency for digital technologies, recognizes the vital role submarine cables play in global communications. ITU is at the forefront of efforts to enhance the resilience of these cables, through cooperation, standard-setting, and technical guidance. Through the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience, ITU aims to develop best practices for securing submarine cable infrastructure, addressing issues such as cable maintenance, damage prevention, rapid recovery after disruptions, and the adoption of sustainable industry practices. **** [Follow DoT Handles for more :- X - https://x.com/DoT_India Insta - https://www.instagram.com/department_of_telecom?igsh=MXUxbHFjd3llZTU0YQ== Fb - https://www.facebook.com/DoTIndia YT- https://www.youtube.com/@departmentoftelecom] ***** SB/DP/ARJ (Release ID: 2081003)