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Text Content

TeachMe
Surgery
Part of the TeachMe Series
Sign Up Log In
 * Subjects
   * Core Concepts
     * Theatre Basics
       * Theatre Etiquette
       * Hand Washing
       * Scrubbing, Gowning, and Gloving
       * Assisting in Theatre
       * The Operation Note
       * Surgical Safety
     * Surgical Equipment
       * Suture Materials
       * Surgical Instruments
       * Diathermy
     * Surgical Skills
       * Knot Tying
       * Suturing
       * Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic
       * Drain Insertion
       * Abscess Drainage
       * Skin Lesion Excision
     * Wound Healing
       * Damage to Local Structures
       * Acute Inflammation
       * Chronic Inflammation
       * Wound Healing
       * Basic Wound Management
     * Clinical Skills
       * Venepuncture
       * Cannulation
       * Blood Cultures
       * Intravenous Infusions
       * Female Catheterisation
       * Male Catheterisation
   * Peri-Operative Care
     * Peri-Operative Care
       * Pre-Op Assessment
       * Pre-Op Management
       * Fluid Management
       * Blood Products
       * Perioperative Nutrition
       * Enhanced Recovery
       * Day Case Surgery
     * General
       * Haemorrhage
       * Sepsis
       * Pain
       * Nausea & Vomiting
       * Pyrexia
       * Delirium
     * Cardio-Respiratory
       * Atelectasis
       * Pneumonia
       * DVT & PE
       * Fat Embolism
       * ARDS
     * Gastrointestinal
       * Anastomotic Leak
       * Post-Op Ileus
       * Bowel Adhesions
       * Incisional Hernia
       * Constipation
     * Urinary
       * Acute Kidney Injury
       * Urinary Retention
       * Urinary Tract Infection
     * Endocrine
       * Hypoglycaemia
       * Hyperkalaemia
       * Hypokalaemia
       * Hypernatremia
       * Hyponatraemia
     * Skin
       * Surgical Site Infection
       * Wound Dehiscence
       * Keloids
     * On the Wards
       * Initial Assessment
       * The General Approach
       * A-E Assessment
       * Referring a Patient
       * IV Fluid Management
       * Post-Op Fever
       * Post-Op Pain
   * Examinations
     * Cardio-Respiratory
       * Cardiovascular
       * Respiratory
       * Cardiothoracic Incisions
     * Abdominal
       * Abdominal
       * Groin
       * Scrotum
       * Stoma
       * Digital Rectal
       * Abdominal Incisions
     * Vascular
       * Peripheral Vascular
       * Peripheral Venous
     * Neurological
       * Cranial Nerves
       * Peripheral Neurological
     * Endocrine
       * Diabetic Foot
       * Thyroid Gland
     * Orthopaedic
       * Hip
       * Knee
       * Foot & Ankle
       * Spine
       * Shoulder
       * Elbow
       * Hand
     * ENT
       * Ear
       * Nose
       * Oral Cavity
       * Neck
       * BPPV
     * Other
       * Breast
       * Renal
       * Lump
       * Certifying Death
   * General
     * Presentations
       * Acute Abdomen
       * Haematemesis
       * Dysphagia
       * Gastric Outlet Obstruction
       * Bowel Obstruction
       * Bowel Perforation
       * Melena
       * Rectal Bleeding
     * Oesophagus
       * GORD
       * Oesophageal Cancer
       * Oesophageal Tears
       * Motility Disorders
     * Stomach
       * Hiatus Hernia
       * Peptic Ulcer Disease
       * Gastric Cancer
     * Small Bowel
       * Inguinal Hernia
       * Femoral Hernia
       * Abdominal Wall Hernia
       * Gastroenteritis
       * Angiodysplasia
       * Small Bowel Tumours
       * Neuroendocrine Tumours
     * Large Bowel
       * Acute Appendicitis
       * Colorectal Cancer
       * Diverticular Disease
       * Crohn’s Disease
       * Ulcerative Colitis
       * Pseudo-Obstruction
       * Volvulus
     * Anorectal
       * Haemorrhoids
       * Pilonidal Sinus
       * Fistula-in-Ano
       * Anorectal Abscess
       * Anal Fissure
       * Rectal Prolapse
       * Anal Cancer
   * HPB
     * Presentations
       * Jaundice
     * Gall Bladder
       * Colic & Cholecystitis
       * Cholangitis
       * Cholangiocarcinoma
     * Liver
       * Hepatocellular Carcinoma
       * Liver Cysts
       * Liver Abscess
     * Pancreas
       * Acute Pancreatitis
       * Chronic Pancreatitis
       * Pancreatic Cancer
       * Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
     * Spleen
       * Splenic Infarct
       * Splenic Rupture
   * Vascular
     * Presentations
       * Acutely Painful Limb
       * Lower Limb Ulcers
     * Arterial
       * Carotid Artery Disease
       * Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
       * Aortic Dissection
       * Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
     * Peripheral
       * Acute Limb Ischaemia
       * Chronic Limb Ischaemia
       * Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
       * Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia
       * Pseudoaneurysm
       * Peripheral & Visceral Aneurysms
     * Other
       * Varicose Veins
       * Venous Insufficiency
       * Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
       * Subclavian Steal Syndrome
       * Hyperhidrosis
   * Urology
     * Presentations
       * Haematuria
       * Scrotal Pain
       * Acute Urinary Retention
       * Chronic Urinary Retention
       * Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
       * Scrotal Lumps
     * Kidney
       * Renal Tract Calculi
       * Pyelonephritis
       * Renal Cancer
       * Renal Cysts
     * Bladder
       * Urinary Incontinence
       * Bladder Cancer
     * Prostate
       * Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
       * Prostate Cancer
       * Prostatitis
     * Genital Tract
       * Epididymitis
       * Testicular Torsion
       * Testicular Cancer
       * Urethritis
     * Other
       * Fournier’s Gangrene
       * Paraphimosis
       * Priapism
       * Penile Fracture
       * Penile Cancer
       * Peyronie’s Disease
     * Paediatric
       * Hypospadias
       * Cryptorchidism
       * Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
   * Orthopaedics
     * General Principles
       * Osteoarthritis
       * Fracture Management
       * Acutely Swollen Joint
       * Open Fracture
       * Compartment Syndrome
       * Septic Arthritis
       * Osteomyelitis
       * Bone Tumours
     * Shoulder & Arm
       * Clavicle Fracture
       * Rotator Cuff Tear
       * Shoulder Fracture
       * Shoulder Dislocation
       * Humeral Shaft Fracture
       * Biceps Tendinopathy
       * Adhesive Capsulitis
       * Subacromial Impingement Syndrome
     * Elbow & Forearm
       * Supracondylar Fracture
       * Olecranon Fracture
       * Radial Head Fracture
       * Elbow Dislocation
       * Olecranon Bursitis
       * Epicondylitis
     * Wrist & Hand
       * Distal Radius Fracture
       * Scaphoid Fracture
       * Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
       * Dupuytren’s Contracture
       * De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
       * Ganglionic Cysts
       * Trigger Finger
     * Spine
       * Radiculopathy
       * Degenerative Disc Disease
       * Cervical Fracture
       * Thoracolumbar Fracture
     * Hip & Thigh
       * Neck of Femur Fracture
       * Hip Osteoarthritis
       * Femoral Shaft Fracture
       * Quadriceps Tendon Rupture
       * Distal Femur Fracture
       * Pelvic Fracture
       * Acetabular Fracture
     * Knee & Leg
       * Knee Osteoarthritis
       * ACL Tear
       * MCL Tear
       * Meniscal Tear
       * Patella Fracture
       * Tibial Shaft Fracture
       * Tibial Plateau Fracture
       * Iliotibial Band Syndrome
     * Ankle & Foot
       * Ankle Fracture
       * Calcaneal Fracture
       * Achilles Tendonitis
       * Talar Fracture
       * Tibial Pilon Fracture
       * Lisfranc injury
       * Hallux Valgus
       * Plantar Fasciitis
     * Paediatrics
       * The Limping Child
       * Growth Plate Fracture
   * Breast
     * Presentations
       * Triple Assessment
       * Galactorrhoea
       * Mastalgia
     * Benign Disease
       * Inflammatory Disease
       * Benign Tumours
       * Gynaecomastia
     * Malignant Disease
       * Carcinoma in Situ
       * Invasive Cancer
       * Surgical Treatments
       * Non-Surgical Treatments
   * ENT
     * Presentations
       * Stridor
       * Hoarse Voice
       * Neck Lumps
       * Vertigo
       * Tinnitus
       * Facial Palsy
       * Hearing Loss
     * Ear
       * Otitis Externa
       * Acute Otitis Media
       * Otitis Media with Effusion
       * Chronic Mucosal Otitis Media
       * Chronic Squamous Otitis Media
       * Ear Trauma
     * Nose
       * Epistaxis
       * Acute Rhinosinusitis
       * Chronic Rhinosinusitis
       * Periorbital Cellulitis
       * Nasal Trauma
     * Throat
       * Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
       * Tonsillitis
       * Deep Neck Space Infections
       * Foreign Bodies
     * Neck
       * Sialolithiasis
       * Sialadenitis
       * Salivary Gland Tumours
       * Thyroid Cancer
       * Head & Neck Cancer
   * Neurosurgery
     * Traumatic Injuries 
       * Assessment of Head Injury
       * Extradural Haematoma
       * Subdural Haematoma
       * Diffuse Axonal Injury
       * Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
     * Flow and Pressure
       * Monro-Kellie Doctrine
       * Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
       * Hydrocephalus
     * Neurovascular Disease 
       * Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
       * Intracranial Aneurysms
       * Intracerebral Haemorrhage
       * Arteriovenous Malformation
       * Intracranial Infections
     * Neurological Malignancy
       * Meningioma
       * Glioma
       * Pituitary Tumours
       * Spinal Tumours
     * Functional Neurosurgery
       * Deep Brain Stimulation
       * Epilepsy Surgery
     * Spinal Surgery
       * Cauda Equina Syndrome
       * Spinal Cord Compression
       * Spinal Infections
   * Plastics
     * Burns and Wounds
       * Principles of Wound Management
       * Burns Assessment
       * Burns Reconstruction
       * Skin Grafts and Flaps
     * Skin Cancer
       * Basal Cell Carcinoma
       * Squamous Cell Carcinoma
       * Melanoma
     * Hand Trauma
       * Flexor Tendon Injuries
       * Extensor Tendon Injuries
       * Metacarpal Fractures
       * Phalangeal Fractures
       * Nail Bed Injuries
       * Finger Replantation
     * Infections
       * Skin Abscess
       * Necrotising Fasciitis
       * Bite Injuries
       * Hand Infections
   * Cardiothoracics
     * Core Principles
       * Cardiopulmonary Bypass
       * Bridge to Transplantation
       * Foetal & Adult Circulation
     * Cardiac
       * Coronary Artery Disease
       * Valvular Disease
       * Cardiac Tumours
     * Thoracic
       * Lung Cancer
       * Airway Disorders
       * Chest Wall Disorders
       * Mediastinal Tumours
       * Diaphragmatic Hernia
     * Pleural
       * Pneumothorax
       * Haemothorax
   * Transplant
     * Core Concepts
       * Principles of Transplantation
       * Concepts of Brain Death
       * Organ Retrieval
       * Immunosuppression in Transplantation
     * Organ Transplantation
       * Renal Transplantation
       * Liver Transplantation
       * Pancreas Transplantation
       * Heart Transplantation
       * Lung Transplantation
   * Consent
     * Emergency General
       * I&D Abscess
       * EUA Rectum
       * Diagnostic Laparoscopy
       * Appendicectomy
       * Laparotomy
       * Small Bowel Resection
       * Hartmann’s Procedure
     * Elective General
       * Gastroscopy
       * Colonoscopy
       * Excision of a Lump
       * Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
       * Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair
       * Open Umbilical Hernia Repair
     * Upper GI & Bariatrics
       * Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
       * Nissen Fundoplication
       * Oesophagectomy
       * Gastric Band
       * Gastric Bypass
       * Sleeve Gastrectomy
     * Colorectal
       * Lay Open Fistula
       * Haemorrhoidectomy
       * Pilonidal Sinus Repair
       * Reversal of a Stoma
       * Right Hemicolectomy
       * Left Hemicolectomy
       * Anterior Resection
       * Abdominoperineal Resection
     * Vascular
       * Carotid Endarterectomy
       * Open AAA Repair
       * EVAR
       * Lower Limb Amputation
       * Angioplasty and Stenting
       * Embolectomy
       * Femoral Endarterectomy
       * Arterial Bypass
       * Axillofemoral Bypass
       * Lower Limb Bypass
       * Fem-Fem Crossover
       * Endovenous Ablation
       * Varicose Veins Stripping
       * Foam Sclerotherapy
       * AV Fistula Formation
       * Cervical Rib Excision
     * Urology
       * Flexible Cystoscopy
       * Rigid Cystoscopy
       * Suprapubic Catheterisation
       * Scrotal Exploration
       * Inguinal Orchidectomy
       * Hydrocoele Excision
       * Epididymal Cyst Excision
       * Circumcision
       * Dorsal Slit Procedure
       * Ureteric Stent Insertion
       * Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
       * TURP
       * TURBT
       * Nephrectomy
     * ENT
       * Flexible Nasal Endoscopy
       * Microlaryngoscopy
       * Grommet Insertion
       * Myringoplasty
       * Adenoidectomy
       * Septoplasty
       * Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
       * Parotidectomy
 * Question Bank
 * Apps
 * Shop
 * Contact Us

search Sign Up menuclose
 * Core Concepts
   * Theatre Basics
     * Theatre Etiquette
     * Hand Washing
     * Scrubbing, Gowning, and Gloving
     * Assisting in Theatre
     * The Operation Note
     * Surgical Safety
   * Surgical Equipment
     * Suture Materials
     * Surgical Instruments
     * Diathermy
   * Surgical Skills
     * Knot Tying
     * Suturing
     * Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic
     * Drain Insertion
     * Abscess Drainage
     * Skin Lesion Excision
   * Wound Healing
     * Damage to Local Structures
     * Acute Inflammation
     * Chronic Inflammation
     * Wound Healing
     * Basic Wound Management
   * Clinical Skills
     * Venepuncture
     * Cannulation
     * Blood Cultures
     * Intravenous Infusions
     * Female Catheterisation
     * Male Catheterisation
 * Peri-Operative Care
   * Peri-Operative Care
     * Pre-Op Assessment
     * Pre-Op Management
     * Fluid Management
     * Blood Products
     * Perioperative Nutrition
     * Enhanced Recovery
     * Day Case Surgery
   * General
     * Haemorrhage
     * Sepsis
     * Pain
     * Nausea & Vomiting
     * Pyrexia
     * Delirium
   * Cardio-Respiratory
     * Atelectasis
     * Pneumonia
     * DVT & PE
     * Fat Embolism
     * ARDS
   * Gastrointestinal
     * Anastomotic Leak
     * Post-Op Ileus
     * Bowel Adhesions
     * Incisional Hernia
     * Constipation
   * Urinary
     * Acute Kidney Injury
     * Urinary Retention
     * Urinary Tract Infection
   * Endocrine
     * Hypoglycaemia
     * Hyperkalaemia
     * Hypokalaemia
     * Hypernatremia
     * Hyponatraemia
   * Skin
     * Surgical Site Infection
     * Wound Dehiscence
     * Keloids
   * On the Wards
     * Initial Assessment
     * The General Approach
     * A-E Assessment
     * Referring a Patient
     * IV Fluid Management
     * Post-Op Fever
     * Post-Op Pain
 * Examinations
   * Cardio-Respiratory
     * Cardiovascular
     * Respiratory
     * Cardiothoracic Incisions
   * Abdominal
     * Abdominal
     * Groin
     * Scrotum
     * Stoma
     * Digital Rectal
     * Abdominal Incisions
   * Vascular
     * Peripheral Vascular
     * Peripheral Venous
   * Neurological
     * Cranial Nerves
     * Peripheral Neurological
   * Endocrine
     * Diabetic Foot
     * Thyroid Gland
   * Orthopaedic
     * Hip
     * Knee
     * Foot & Ankle
     * Spine
     * Shoulder
     * Elbow
     * Hand
   * ENT
     * Ear
     * Nose
     * Oral Cavity
     * Neck
     * BPPV
   * Other
     * Breast
     * Renal
     * Lump
     * Certifying Death
 * General
   * Presentations
     * Acute Abdomen
     * Haematemesis
     * Dysphagia
     * Gastric Outlet Obstruction
     * Bowel Obstruction
     * Bowel Perforation
     * Melena
     * Rectal Bleeding
   * Oesophagus
     * GORD
     * Oesophageal Cancer
     * Oesophageal Tears
     * Motility Disorders
   * Stomach
     * Hiatus Hernia
     * Peptic Ulcer Disease
     * Gastric Cancer
   * Small Bowel
     * Inguinal Hernia
     * Femoral Hernia
     * Abdominal Wall Hernia
     * Gastroenteritis
     * Angiodysplasia
     * Small Bowel Tumours
     * Neuroendocrine Tumours
   * Large Bowel
     * Acute Appendicitis
     * Colorectal Cancer
     * Diverticular Disease
     * Crohn’s Disease
     * Ulcerative Colitis
     * Pseudo-Obstruction
     * Volvulus
   * Anorectal
     * Haemorrhoids
     * Pilonidal Sinus
     * Fistula-in-Ano
     * Anorectal Abscess
     * Anal Fissure
     * Rectal Prolapse
     * Anal Cancer
 * HPB
   * Presentations
     * Jaundice
   * Gall Bladder
     * Colic & Cholecystitis
     * Cholangitis
     * Cholangiocarcinoma
   * Liver
     * Hepatocellular Carcinoma
     * Liver Cysts
     * Liver Abscess
   * Pancreas
     * Acute Pancreatitis
     * Chronic Pancreatitis
     * Pancreatic Cancer
     * Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
   * Spleen
     * Splenic Infarct
     * Splenic Rupture
 * Vascular
   * Presentations
     * Acutely Painful Limb
     * Lower Limb Ulcers
   * Arterial
     * Carotid Artery Disease
     * Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
     * Aortic Dissection
     * Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
   * Peripheral
     * Acute Limb Ischaemia
     * Chronic Limb Ischaemia
     * Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
     * Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia
     * Pseudoaneurysm
     * Peripheral & Visceral Aneurysms
   * Other
     * Varicose Veins
     * Venous Insufficiency
     * Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
     * Subclavian Steal Syndrome
     * Hyperhidrosis
 * Urology
   * Presentations
     * Haematuria
     * Scrotal Pain
     * Acute Urinary Retention
     * Chronic Urinary Retention
     * Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
     * Scrotal Lumps
   * Kidney
     * Renal Tract Calculi
     * Pyelonephritis
     * Renal Cancer
     * Renal Cysts
   * Bladder
     * Urinary Incontinence
     * Bladder Cancer
   * Prostate
     * Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
     * Prostate Cancer
     * Prostatitis
   * Genital Tract
     * Epididymitis
     * Testicular Torsion
     * Testicular Cancer
     * Urethritis
   * Other
     * Fournier’s Gangrene
     * Paraphimosis
     * Priapism
     * Penile Fracture
     * Penile Cancer
     * Peyronie’s Disease
   * Paediatric
     * Hypospadias
     * Cryptorchidism
     * Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
 * Orthopaedics
   * General Principles
     * Osteoarthritis
     * Fracture Management
     * Acutely Swollen Joint
     * Open Fracture
     * Compartment Syndrome
     * Septic Arthritis
     * Osteomyelitis
     * Bone Tumours
   * Shoulder & Arm
     * Clavicle Fracture
     * Rotator Cuff Tear
     * Shoulder Fracture
     * Shoulder Dislocation
     * Humeral Shaft Fracture
     * Biceps Tendinopathy
     * Adhesive Capsulitis
     * Subacromial Impingement Syndrome
   * Elbow & Forearm
     * Supracondylar Fracture
     * Olecranon Fracture
     * Radial Head Fracture
     * Elbow Dislocation
     * Olecranon Bursitis
     * Epicondylitis
   * Wrist & Hand
     * Distal Radius Fracture
     * Scaphoid Fracture
     * Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
     * Dupuytren’s Contracture
     * De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
     * Ganglionic Cysts
     * Trigger Finger
   * Spine
     * Radiculopathy
     * Degenerative Disc Disease
     * Cervical Fracture
     * Thoracolumbar Fracture
   * Hip & Thigh
     * Neck of Femur Fracture
     * Hip Osteoarthritis
     * Femoral Shaft Fracture
     * Quadriceps Tendon Rupture
     * Distal Femur Fracture
     * Pelvic Fracture
     * Acetabular Fracture
   * Knee & Leg
     * Knee Osteoarthritis
     * ACL Tear
     * MCL Tear
     * Meniscal Tear
     * Patella Fracture
     * Tibial Shaft Fracture
     * Tibial Plateau Fracture
     * Iliotibial Band Syndrome
   * Ankle & Foot
     * Ankle Fracture
     * Calcaneal Fracture
     * Achilles Tendonitis
     * Talar Fracture
     * Tibial Pilon Fracture
     * Lisfranc injury
     * Hallux Valgus
     * Plantar Fasciitis
   * Paediatrics
     * The Limping Child
     * Growth Plate Fracture
 * Breast
   * Presentations
     * Triple Assessment
     * Galactorrhoea
     * Mastalgia
   * Benign Disease
     * Inflammatory Disease
     * Benign Tumours
     * Gynaecomastia
   * Malignant Disease
     * Carcinoma in Situ
     * Invasive Cancer
     * Surgical Treatments
     * Non-Surgical Treatments
 * ENT
   * Presentations
     * Stridor
     * Hoarse Voice
     * Neck Lumps
     * Vertigo
     * Tinnitus
     * Facial Palsy
     * Hearing Loss
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