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Help Net Security
December 21, 2023
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86% OF CYBERATTACKS ARE DELIVERED OVER ENCRYPTED CHANNELS



Threats over HTTPS grew by 24% from 2022, underscoring the sophisticated nature
of cybercriminal tactics that target encrypted channels, according to Zscaler.



For the second year in a row, manufacturing was the industry most commonly
targeted, with education and government organizations seeing the highest
year-over-year increase in attacks. Additionally, malware, which includes
malicious web content and malware payloads, continued to dominate over other
types of encrypted attacks, with ad spyware sites and cross-site scripting
accounting for 78% of all blocked attacks.

In total, 86% of all cyber threats, including malware, ransomware, and phishing
attacks, are delivered over encrypted channels.

“With nearly 95% of web traffic flowing over HTTPS and 86% of the advanced
threats delivered over encrypted channels, any HTTPS traffic that does not
undergo inline inspection represents a significant blind spot that
cybercriminals continue to exploit when targeting global organizations,” said
Deepen Desai, Chief Security Officer, Zscaler. “To defend against encrypted
attacks, organizations should replace vulnerable appliances, like VPNs and
firewalls, with a Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) solution. This allows IT
teams to inspect TLS traffic at scale while blocking threats and preventing
sensitive data leakage.”


ENCRYPTED MALWARE IS A TOP THREAT

Malware keeps its top spot as the champion of encrypted threats, driving 23
billion encrypted hits between October 2022 and September 2023 and comprising
78% of all attempted cyberattacks.

Encrypted malware includes malicious web content, malware payloads, macro-based
malware, and more. The most prevalent malware family in 2023 was ChromeLoader,
followed by MedusaLocker and Redline Stealer.

Manufacturers saw the largest amount of AI/ML transactions compared to any other
industry, processing over 2.1 billion AI/ML-related transactions. It remains the
most targeted industry, accounting for 31.6% of encrypted attacks tracked by
Zscaler.


GENERATIVE AI RAISES DATA LEAK CONCERNS

As smart factories and the Internet of Things (IoT) become more prevalent in
manufacturing, the attack surface is expanding and exposing the sector to more
security risks and creating additional entry points that cybercriminals can
exploit to disrupt production and supply chains.

Additionally, the use of popular generative AI applications, like ChatGPT, on
connected devices in manufacturing heightens the risk of sensitive data leakage
over encrypted channels.

The education and government sectors experienced a 276% and 185% year-over-year
surge in encrypted attacks, respectively. The education industry has also seen a
significantly expanded attack surface in recent years, with the shift to enable
more remote and connected learning. Meanwhile, the government sector remains an
attractive target, particularly for nation-state-backed threat actors, as
reflected in the growth of encrypted threats.

To defend against the evolving encrypted threat landscape, enterprises must
rethink traditional approaches to security and networking and adopt more
comprehensive, zero-trust architectures. Enterprises must implement a zero trust
architecture that inspects all encrypted traffic and leverages AI/ML models to
block or isolate malicious traffic. This creates a single, operationally simple
way to apply policy across all traffic, without impacting performance or
creating a compliance nightmare.


RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT ENCRYPTED ATTACKS

 * Use a cloud native, proxy-based architecture to decrypt, detect, and prevent
   threats in all encrypted traffic at scale.
 * Inspect all traffic, all the time, use SSL inspection to detect malware
   payloads, phishing and C2 activity that use SSL/TLS communication.
 * Leverage an AI-driven sandbox to quarantine unknown attacks and stop patient
   zero malware that may be delivered over TLS.
 * Evaluate the organization’s attack surface to quantify risk and secure the
   exposed attack surface.
 * Use zero trust architecture to secure all connectivity holistically.
 * Use user-app segmentation to enforce least privilege access, even for
   authenticated users.





More about
 * cybercrime
 * cybersecurity
 * encryption
 * malware
 * report
 * survey
 * Zscaler

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FEATURED NEWS

 * Why data, AI, and regulations top the threat list for 2024
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