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Submitted URL: https://t.dripemail2.com/c/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJkZXRvdXIiLCJpc3MiOiJtb25vbGl0aCIsInN1YiI6ImRldG91cl9saW5rIiwia...
Effective URL: https://www.eppendorf.com/sg-en/lab-academy/applied-industries/bioprocessing/cell-and-gene-therapy-development/exosome-pro...
Submission: On May 08 via api from DE — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.eppendorf.com/sg-en/lab-academy/applied-industries/bioprocessing/cell-and-gene-therapy-development/exosome-pro...
Submission: On May 08 via api from DE — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 4 forms found in the DOM
POST /sg-en/_s/switchCountry
<form id="switchCountryForm" action="/sg-en/_s/switchCountry" method="post" data-tracked="true"><span class="lightbox-item-headline headline__3 typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your settings </span>
<div class="typography__caption typography__flags --error --boldFa text-right"> * = required </div>
<div class="selection country-selection mt-3">
<div class="form-field"><input type="text" placeholder="Select your country/region" required="required" class="js-selection-value js-validate-input input input__flags" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" id="countrySortValue"
name="countrySortValue" class="js-submit-value" data-tracked="true">
<div class="js-selection-trigger gtm-selection-change-country"></div> <label for="countrySortValue" class="label typography__caption typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your country/region <span
class="typography__caption_light typography__flags --promo"> *</span></label> <span class="input-caption typography__badge"></span>
<div class="form-icons">
<div class="selection-icon icon icon__flags --small"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_triangle"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<div body-scroll-lock-ignore="" class="selection-list-wrapper">
<div class="input-with-icon"><input type="search" placeholder="Search..." class="typography__copyText gtm-header-select-country-search-input" data-tracked="true">
<div class="input-with-icon--icon d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center gtm-header-search-loupe">
<div class="icon"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_search"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="list-style-none selection-list">
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> (China) Hong Kong </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> (China) Taiwan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Afghanistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Albania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Algeria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Andorra </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Angola </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Anguilla </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Antigua and Barbuda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Argentina </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Armenia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Aruba </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Australia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Austria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Azerbaijan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bahamas </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bahrain </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bangladesh </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Barbados </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belarus </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belgium </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belize </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Benin </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bermuda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bhutan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bolivia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bosnia and Herzegovina </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Botswana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Brazil </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Brunei Darussalam </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bulgaria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Burkina Faso </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Burundi </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cambodia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cameroon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Canada </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cape Verde </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cayman Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Central African Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Chad </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Chile </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> China </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CX" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Christmas Island </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cocos (Keeling) Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Colombia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Comoros </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Congo </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Congo, the Democratic Republic of the </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cook Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Costa Rica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cote d'Ivoire </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Croatia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Curaçao </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cyprus </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Czech Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Denmark </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Djibouti </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Dominica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Dominican Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ecuador </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Egypt </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> El Salvador </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Equatorial Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ER" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Eritrea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Estonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ET" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ethiopia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Falkland Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Faroe Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Fiji </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Finland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> France </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> French Guiana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> French Polynesia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gabon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gambia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Georgia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Germany </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ghana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gibraltar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Greece </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Greenland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Grenada </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guadeloupe </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guatemala </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guernsey </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guinea-Bissau </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guyana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Haiti </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Honduras </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Hungary </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Iceland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> India </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ID" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Indonesia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Iraq </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ireland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Isle of Man </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Israel </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Italy </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jamaica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Japan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jersey </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jordan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kazakhstan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kenya </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kiribati </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Korea, Republic of </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="XK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kosovo </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kuwait </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kyrgyzstan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lao People's Democratic Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Latvia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lebanon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lesotho </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Liberia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Libyan Arab Jamahiriya </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Liechtenstein </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lithuania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Luxembourg </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Macedonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Madagascar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malawi </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malaysia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Maldives </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ML" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mali </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malta </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Marshall Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Martinique </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mauritania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mauritius </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="YT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mayotte </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MX" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mexico </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Micronesia, Federated States of </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Moldova </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Monaco </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mongolia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ME" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Montenegro </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Montserrat </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Morocco </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mozambique </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Myanmar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Namibia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nauru </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nepal </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Netherlands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> New Caledonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> New Zealand </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nicaragua </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Niger </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nigeria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Niue </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Norfolk Island </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Norway </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="OM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Oman </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Pakistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Palau </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Palestinian Territory </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Panama </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Papua New Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Paraguay </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Peru </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Philippines </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Pitcairn </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Poland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Portugal </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="QA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Qatar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Reunion </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Romania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Russian Federation </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Rwanda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Barthélemy </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Kitts and Nevis </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Lucia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Martin (French part) </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Vincent and the Grenadines </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="WS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Samoa </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> San Marino </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ST" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sao Tome and Principe </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saudi Arabia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Senegal </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Serbia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Seychelles </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sierra Leone </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Singapore </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SX" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sint Maarten (Dutch part) </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Slovakia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Slovenia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Solomon Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Somalia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ZA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> South Africa </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ES" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Spain </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sri Lanka </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Suriname </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Swaziland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sweden </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Switzerland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tajikistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tanzania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Thailand </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Timor-Leste </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Togo </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tokelau </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tonga </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Trinidad and Tobago </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tunisia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Turkey </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Turkmenistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Turks and Caicos Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Tuvalu </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="UG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Uganda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="UA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ukraine </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> United Arab Emirates </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> United Kingdom </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="US" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> United States </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="UY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Uruguay </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="UZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Uzbekistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Vanuatu </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Venezuela </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Viet Nam </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Virgin Islands, British </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="WF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Wallis and Futuna </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Western Sahara </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="YE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Yemen </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ZM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Zambia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ZW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Zimbabwe </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="selection language-selection">
<div class="form-field"><input type="text" placeholder="Select your language" required="required" class="js-selection-value js-validate-input input input__flags input--disabled" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" id="languageSortValue"
name="languageSortValue" class="js-submit-value" data-tracked="true">
<div class="js-selection-trigger gtm-selection-change-language d-none"></div> <label for="languageSortValue" class="label typography__caption typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your language <span
class="typography__caption_light typography__flags --promo"> *</span></label> <span class="input-caption typography__badge"></span>
<div class="form-icons">
<div class="selection-icon icon icon__flags --small"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_triangle"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="selection-list-wrapper">
<ul class="list-style-none selection-list">
<li tabindex="0" data-code="en" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> English </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="selection currency-selection">
<div class="form-field"><input type="text" placeholder="Select your currency" required="required" class="js-selection-value js-validate-input input input__flags input--disabled" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" id="currencySortValue"
name="currencySortValue" class="js-submit-value" data-tracked="true">
<div class="js-selection-trigger gtm-selection-change-currency d-none"></div> <label for="currencySortValue" class="label typography__caption typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your currency <span
class="typography__caption_light typography__flags --promo"> *</span></label> <span class="input-caption typography__badge"></span>
<div class="form-icons">
<div class="selection-icon icon icon__flags --small"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_triangle"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="selection-list-wrapper">
<ul class="list-style-none selection-list">
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SGD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> SGD </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="label typography__caption mb-3">Please be aware that your shopping cart cannot be restored on the newly changed country website or when you come back. If you want to save your cart, please login.</div> <input type="hidden"
name="baseStoreUid" value="eagSG" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" name="countryIsocode" value="SG" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" name="languageIsocode" value="en" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden"
name="currencyIsocode" value="SGD" data-tracked="true"> <button type="submit" class="button__primary"> Switch </button>
<div><input type="hidden" name="CSRFToken" value="b7f58992-c7c9-47dd-8fb0-bf9217b2a947" data-tracked="true"></div>
</form>POST /sg-en/_s/switchCountry
<form id="switchCountryForm" action="/sg-en/_s/switchCountry" method="post" data-tracked="true"><span class="lightbox-item-headline headline__3 typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your settings </span>
<div class="typography__caption typography__flags --error --boldFa text-right"> * = required </div>
<div class="selection country-selection mt-3">
<div class="form-field"><input type="text" placeholder="Select your country/region" required="required" class="js-selection-value js-validate-input input input__flags" data-tracked="true"> <input type="hidden" id="countrySortValue"
name="countrySortValue" class="js-submit-value" data-tracked="true">
<div class="js-selection-trigger gtm-selection-change-country"></div> <label for="countrySortValue" class="label typography__caption typography__flags --boldFa"> Select your country/region <span
class="typography__caption_light typography__flags --promo"> *</span></label> <span class="input-caption typography__badge"></span>
<div class="form-icons">
<div class="selection-icon icon icon__flags --small"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_triangle"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="selection-list-wrapper">
<div class="input-with-icon"><input type="search" placeholder="Search..." class="typography__copyText gtm-header-select-country-search-input" data-tracked="true">
<div class="input-with-icon--icon d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center gtm-header-search-loupe">
<div class="icon"><svg>
<use xlink:href="/_ui/responsive/common/febundle/svg-sprite/sprite.svg#icon_search"></use>
</svg></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="list-style-none selection-list">
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> (China) Hong Kong </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> (China) Taiwan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Afghanistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Albania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Algeria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Andorra </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Angola </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Anguilla </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Antigua and Barbuda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Argentina </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Armenia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Aruba </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Australia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Austria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="AZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Azerbaijan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bahamas </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bahrain </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bangladesh </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Barbados </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belarus </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belgium </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Belize </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Benin </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bermuda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bhutan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bolivia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bosnia and Herzegovina </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Botswana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Brazil </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Brunei Darussalam </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Bulgaria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Burkina Faso </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Burundi </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cambodia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cameroon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Canada </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cape Verde </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cayman Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Central African Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="TD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Chad </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Chile </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> China </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CX" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Christmas Island </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cocos (Keeling) Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Colombia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Comoros </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Congo </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Congo, the Democratic Republic of the </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cook Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Costa Rica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cote d'Ivoire </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Croatia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Curaçao </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Cyprus </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="CZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Czech Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Denmark </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Djibouti </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Dominica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Dominican Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ecuador </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Egypt </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> El Salvador </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Equatorial Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ER" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Eritrea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="EE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Estonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ET" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ethiopia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Falkland Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Faroe Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FJ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Fiji </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Finland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> France </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> French Guiana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> French Polynesia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gabon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gambia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Georgia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="DE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Germany </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ghana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Gibraltar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Greece </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Greenland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Grenada </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guadeloupe </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guatemala </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guernsey </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guinea-Bissau </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="GY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Guyana </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Haiti </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Honduras </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="HU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Hungary </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Iceland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> India </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ID" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Indonesia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Iraq </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Ireland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Isle of Man </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Israel </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="IT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Italy </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jamaica </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Japan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jersey </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="JO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Jordan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kazakhstan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kenya </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kiribati </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Korea, Republic of </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="XK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kosovo </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kuwait </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Kyrgyzstan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lao People's Democratic Republic </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Latvia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LB" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lebanon </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lesotho </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Liberia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Libyan Arab Jamahiriya </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Liechtenstein </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Lithuania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Luxembourg </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Macedonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Madagascar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malawi </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malaysia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MV" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Maldives </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ML" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mali </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Malta </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Marshall Islands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MQ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Martinique </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mauritania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mauritius </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="YT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mayotte </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MX" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mexico </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="FM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Micronesia, Federated States of </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MD" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Moldova </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Monaco </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mongolia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ME" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Montenegro </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Montserrat </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Morocco </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Mozambique </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Myanmar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Namibia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NR" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nauru </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NP" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nepal </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Netherlands </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> New Caledonia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NZ" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> New Zealand </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NI" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nicaragua </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Niger </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Nigeria </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Niue </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Norfolk Island </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="NO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Norway </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="OM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Oman </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PK" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Pakistan </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Palau </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Palestinian Territory </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Panama </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PG" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Papua New Guinea </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PY" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Paraguay </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Peru </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PH" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Philippines </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Pitcairn </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Poland </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="PT" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Portugal </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="QA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Qatar </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RE" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Reunion </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RO" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Romania </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RU" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Russian Federation </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="RW" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Rwanda </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="BL" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Barthélemy </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="KN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Kitts and Nevis </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="LC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Lucia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="MF" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Martin (French part) </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="VC" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saint Vincent and the Grenadines </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="WS" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Samoa </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SM" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> San Marino </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="ST" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Sao Tome and Principe </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SA" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Saudi Arabia </li>
<li tabindex="0" data-code="SN" class="typography__link_dark selection-list-item"> Senegal </li>
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Product Families Show all Product Families ()
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1. Home
2. Lab Academy
3. Applied Industries
4. Bioprocessing
5. Cell and gene therapy development
6. Exosome Production
EXOSOME PRODUCTION
Exosomes are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with
the primary function of carrying molecular payloads such as proteins or genetic
material between cells. In doing so, exosomes have the ability to modulate cell
communication, immune regulatory processes, tumor metabolism, and
regenerative/degenerative processes. They have recently become of great interest
for their use as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Research into exosomes in the
preclinical cell and gene therapy (CGT) space is growing rapidly. The
ever-greater need for industry-scale exosome production requires exosome process
development efforts to meet the demands of research and development projects.
The use of stirred-tank bioreactors for upstream expansion represents one of the
best approaches to ensuring optimal exosome production conditions and enabling
tight monitoring and control of the bioprocess in a highly scalable setup. The
use of centrifuges is considered the gold standard for the purification of
exosomes from the culture medium.
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STRATEGIES FOR LARGE-SCALE EXOSOME PRODUCTION
Now gaining traction, the use of exosomes for cell and gene therapy applications
is increasingly reliant upon the production of high amounts of high-quality
exosomes. As with every cell culture process, the exosome upstream expansion
workflow presents numerous opportunities to introduce variability, and this can
lead to poor yield and batch inconsistencies. In comparison with conventional 2D
culture platforms, bioreactors offer numerous advantages to control the cells’
growth environment and increase the working volume. Like this they are valuable
tools for exosome process development to produce exosomes in a scalable and
reproducible manner.
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ARTICLE COLLECTION: EXOSOME PRODUCTION, ISOLATION AND APPLICATIONS
This collection emphasizes the critical role of production and isolation
techniques in developing new diagnostic tools and therapies for diverse
diseases. It showcases production of exosomes, engineering of exosomes for
immunotherapy, advances in in their use as biomarkers for cancer and exosome
isolation techniques to help researchers to fully explore their potential.
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Download now
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LEARN MORE ABOUT SCALABLE EXOSOME PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION IN OUR WEBINARS
WEBINAR: EXOSOME PRODUCTION IN STIRRED-TANK BIOREACTORS
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Stirred-tank bioreactors offer the possibility to tightly control and monitor
the production of exosomes, as well as to scale it up to produce increasing
amounts. In this webinar we share, how we developed a process for stem
cell-derived exosome production in bioreactors.
WEBINAR: EXOSOME PURIFICATION USING ULTRACENTRIFUGES
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Eppendorf bioprocess solutions can be used to expand the upstream production of
exosomes. For purification of those exosomes ultracentrifuges are valuable
tools. In this webinar we focus on exosome separation by means of
ultracentrifugation, as a gold-standard in in the exosome production workflow.
HOW ARE EXOSOMES UTILIZED IN THE CELL AND GENE THERAPY FIELD?
GENE THERAPY VECTORS
Since exosomes are natural molecule transporters, they are well suited to
carrying nucleic acids. With a robust membrane to prevent degradation, good
stability, low immunogenicity, plus the rapid nature by which they are taken up
by target cells, exosomes bring value to the CGT field with unique advantages as
gene therapy vectors. One of the stand-out benefits of exosomes as advanced
therapy vectors is their wide tropism. This describes their ability to
infiltrate a large variety of cell and tissue types thanks to their ability to
cross biological barriers such as the blood brain barrier and cytoplasmic
membranes. This makes exosome vectors an attractive option for the treatment of
diseases where pathology occurs in difficult-to-access tissues, like the central
nervous system. Traditional therapeutics are often unable to access such areas,
but the broad tropism of exosomes enables researchers to transport specialized
therapies, where needed, to provide novel treatment options. The majority of
exosome-based gene therapy applications aim to treat cancers or neurological
diseases.
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REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a popular technique used in regenerative
medicine, in which MSCs engraft into injured tissue and promote regeneration.
Due to the low MSC survival in the host tissue during MSC cell therapy though,
recent evidence indicates that the MSC’s secretome (the total set of proteins
known to be released MSCs) could be central to their benefits in tissue
regeneration. Exosomes make up a large part of the MSC secretome, and their
ability to deliver proteins and genetic material while mediating the immune
response makes exosomes a promising cell-free therapy for regenerative medicine.
MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated promise in a versatile range of
regeneration therapies from bone and cartilage to neuronal regeneration, and
research into exosomes for cell free regenerative therapy looks set to continue
to grow in popularity.
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Exosomes have several advantages over cells as a tool for regenerative medicine.
To name a few:
* Non-immunogenic: Exosomes are less likely to be recognized as foreign by the
recipient's immune system compared to cells, which can trigger an immune
response and lead to rejection. This makes exosomes a safer and more viable
option for allogeneic transplantation.
* Stable and easy to store: Exosomes are small and stable, which makes them
easier to store and transport compared to cells, which require specific
storage conditions and may have a limited shelf life.
* Targeted delivery: Exosomes can be engineered to target specific tissues or
cells, which makes them a more precise tool for delivering therapeutic
payloads compared to cells, which may not be able to target specific tissues
or may migrate away from the site of injury.
* Cost-effective: Producing exosomes is often less expensive than producing
cells, which makes exosomes a more cost-effective option for large-scale
clinical use.
* Lower risk of tumorigenesis: Exosomes do not have the potential to form
tumors, which is a risk associated with cell-based therapies.Due to this
another potential advantage of exosomes from a regulatory point of view is
that they may be subject to less stringent regulations compared to cells or
tissues, as they are considered to be a subset of cells and not a distinct
product. However, this may vary depending on the intended use ofthe exosomes
and the regulatory requirements in different countries.
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EXOSOME PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Access bioprocess knowledge that can support your exosome process development
efforts.
CELL CULTURE IN BIOREACTORS
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Exosomes have been shown to be released by many cell types. Find out more about
the large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells in bioreactors!
STEM CELL BIOPROCESSING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
One of the most popular approaches involves culturing exosome-producing MSCs.
Learn more about cultivating stem cells in bioreactors!
BIOPROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL
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In bioreactors it is possible to investigate which process parameters influence
the secretion of exosomes and to create reproducible conditions. Learn more
about bioprocess control!
DISCOVER OUR PRODUCTS FOR EXOSOME PRODUCTION
Discover our bioreactor control systems and centrifuges for exosome process
development, scale-up of exosome production, and exosome purification.
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INCUBATORS FOR THE PRE-CULTURE OF CELLS
A preculture step is usually required to expand the cells used for exosome
production. In this step, the cell quantities needed to create a cryopreserved
cell bank and to inoculate the culture in the bioreactor are achieved.
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CELLXPERT® C170I
* CO2 incubator for static culture of cells, typically in T-flasks or dishes
* Easy cleaning and disinfection with seamless chamber, easy disassembling in
40 s, removable water tray and 180 °C disinfection with protocol
* GMP-/Cleanroom-related certificates & features
Discover the CellXpert® C170i
BIOREACTORS FOR PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION
Exosome production at small-scale is an important first step for researchers
seeking to optimize their process prior to scale-up. Bioreactors’ process
monitoring and control capabilities can standardize culture conditions in the
upstream process, and ensure that the exosome-producing MSCs are maintained at
optimum conditions. In turn, this reproducible production workflow makes for a
high quality, high yield exosome production.
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DASBOX® MINI BIOREACTOR SYSTEM
* Working volume range: 60 mL to 250 mL
* Parallel processing of up to 24 bioreactors
* Perfect tool to support the process development, through identifying the most
appropriate cell culture parameters required for exosome production before
scaling-up.
Discover the DASbox® System
Want to discover how the DASbox® Mini Bioreactor System can be harnessed for
small scale exosome production? Check out our application note!
Read more
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BIOREACTORS FOR SCALING UP EXOSOME PRODUCTION
To scale-up exosome production from the benchtop to production scale,
larger-scale bioreactor systems that can support a large number of cells is
central to success. One such solution that can support this is the SciVario®
twin bioreactor control system from Eppendorf.
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SCIVARIO® TWIN BIOREACTOR CONTROL SYSTEM
* Working volume range: 1.25 L to 40 L
* Can control two bioreactors independently
* Has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool in the medium to large scale
production of exosomes
Discover SciVario® twin
To characterize the exosome production process, it is sometimes helpful to take
small samples from the bioreactor and further cultivate them in shake flasks in
a CO2 shaker in parallel to the main culture. One solution to support this is
the New Brunswick S41i CO2 shaker.
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NEW BRUNSWICK S41I
* Integrated platform for parallel static cultivation of T-flasks, dishes or
plates
* Shake flask range: 10 mL to 5 Liter Corning® or Thomson flasks
* Integrated high temperature disinfection cycle
* Can be used in exosome scale-up and collection process
Discover New Brunswick S41i
Researchers found the SciVario® twin to produce favorable conditions for
cellular growth, viability and metabolic activity, as well as the quality and
yield of exosomes produced. To quantify exosome production at different time
points of the bioprocess run, cell samples were transferred to a New Brunswick
S41i CO2 shaker where they were cultivated in a different medium than the main
culture. Find out in our application note, how the SciVario® twin and the New
Brunswick S41 supported exosome production!
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CENTRIFUGES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF EXOSOMES
After production, the exosomes are purified from other components in the culture
medium. Centrifugation is a versatile method and nowadays the gold standard in
the field.
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HIGH-SPEED CENTRIFUGE CR22N - FOR CLEARANCE OF CULTURE MEDIUM
* High-speeds of up to 58,700 x g are ideal for clearance of cells, cell
debris, and microvesicles from cell media, as the first step in exosome
purification
* Rotor R15A can in a single run accommodate up to 650 mL of cell media in 15
mL and 50 mL high-speed conical tubes, speeding up processing to less than1
hour. Larger volumes up to 1.5 L per sample are available
* The device offers user management and documentation function to support users
with GxP compliance
Learn more
ULTRACENTRIFUGE CP100NX - FOR PELLETING EXOSOMES
* Swing-bucket rotor P32ST allows pelleting exosomes in 6 x 40 mL tubes in only
90 min
* Even higher speeds up to 803,000 x g with rotor P100AT2 and capacities of up
to 1,380 mL with rotor P21A2 can be reached
* The device offers user management and documentation function to support users
with GxP compliance
Learn more
Find out more in our application note on how Centrifuge CP100NX and Centrifuge
CR22N are the perfect complement to purify your exosome products after the
bioprocess run. Download application note!
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CONTACT US
SELECT THE RIGHT BIOPROCESS EQUIPMENT
Are you interested in cultivating exosome-producing cells? Please contact us to
discuss the needs of your individual application.
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Contact bioprocess specialist
SELECT THE RIGHT CENTRIFUGE, INCUBATOR, AND SHAKER
Would you like to know more about our shakers and incubators or our centrifuge
solutions for the purification of exosomes? Contact us for more information.
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Contact our experts
CUSTOMER STORIES
Find some examples of how the Eppendorf bioprocess equipment is used for the
production of exosomes.
CASE STUDY: EXOSOMES AS DRUG DELIVERY VEHICLES
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Read, how researchers at the Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam produced a large number of exosomes in bioreactors and analyzed their
ability to deliver cytotoxic doxorubicin to breast cancer cell lines in vitro.
CASE STUDY: OPTIMIZING EXOSOME PRODUCTION IN BIOREACTORS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Read, how researchers at iBET, Portugal implemented Raman spectroscopy to
continuously monitor the glucose concentration, which has been identified as a
critical process parameter for extracellular vesicle secretion.
EPPENDORF BIOPROCESS SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR APPLICATIONS
Visit our main bioprocessing website to discover our bioprocess solutions for
various industries and applications.
Read more
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Go to bioprocess start page
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