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OFFICIAL WORLD DOLLAR COIN TO BE LAUNCHED AS CRYPTOCURRENCY BY A COMPANY


WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS ON THE WORLD ECONOMY IF THIS OFFICIAL WORLD DOLLAR IS
INTRODUCED BY A PRIVATE COMPANY?

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THE FEDERAL RESERVE IS REVIEWING THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF ISSUING A
DIGITAL CURRENCY, WHICH SOME OTHER COUNTRIES, INCLUDING CHINA, HAVE ALREADY
ADOPTED.

Photo: Stefani Reynolds/Bloomberg News
By Andrew Ackerman
March 10, 2022 9:08 am ET

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President Biden’s executive order on cryptocurrencies directs his administration
to consider the potential implications of a U.S. digital dollar, which would be
backed by the Federal Reserve. 

The Fed is already evaluating the possibility of a digital currency, which some
other countries, including China, have already adopted. 

Here’s what you need to know about the potential issuance of a U.S. central bank
digital currency.

WHAT IS A GOVERNMENT-ISSUED DIGITAL CURRENCY?

A U.S. digital currency would be a type of digital dollar issued by the
government. Unlike private crypto assets such as stablecoins, it would be issued
by and backed by the Fed, a government entity, as are U.S. paper dollar bills.

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In theory, a Fed digital dollar could be used alongside traditional paper money,
but many of the details of how exactly people would access digital dollars, and
how they would fit into the financial system, are unclear. For instance, the Fed
would have to decide whether consumers would access their digital dollars with
accounts directly at the central bank or through existing private-sector banks.

WHY WOULD THE U.S. WANT THAT?

Advocates say a Fed digital dollar could make it faster and cheaper to move
money around the financial system, bring into it people who lack bank accounts
and provide an efficient way for the government to distribute financial aid.

Some advocates say such digital currency could help improve the effectiveness of
monetary policy by allowing a central bank to change interest rates directly on
accounts holding the government currency. This could allow central banks to
bypass often fickle financial markets and bring monetary policy to the retail
level.

Another motivating consideration: keeping up with other countries considering a
digital currency for domestic and international payments. The U.S. may not want
to see China, for example, creating a rival international financial network to
the U.S. dollar via its digital currency.

Why the Fed Is Considering a Digital Dollar
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Why the Fed Is Considering a Digital DollarPlay video: Why the Fed Is
Considering a Digital Dollar

The Federal Reserve is trying to figure out how to keep cash relevant in a
cashless world. It’s considering digitizing the U.S. dollar, giving people money
they can access on their phone and bypassing electronic payments that can be
slow and costly for businesses. Illustration: Jacob Reynolds/WSJ

WHAT IS THE RISK? 

There are several challenges to the issuance of a digital dollar, including the
fact that many Americans actively use and prefer cash. Privacy issues would need
to be addressed, since a Fed digital currency system would in theory allow the
central bank to see what every user did with the currency.

A Philadelphia Fed report warned that a U.S. central bank digital currency could
destabilize the financial system in a crisis if people pull their money out of
banks, mutual funds, stocks and other investments and plow the funds into the
Fed’s ultrasafe currency.

Some banks—facing the prospect of competition from the Fed for deposits—have
already signaled they don’t believe the central bank has the legal authority to
issue a digital currency without authorization from Congress.

Fed Chairman Jerome Powell has indicated he sees reason for caution, saying it
is more important to get the digital dollar right than to be first to market, in
part because of the dollar’s critical global role.

HAVE OTHER COUNTRIES DONE IT? 

China created its own government-issued digital currency in 2021 and recently
prohibited transactions using cryptocurrencies issued by nonmonetary
authorities, naming bitcoin, ether and tether as examples. El Salvador,
meanwhile, became the first country in the world to adopt bitcoin as a national
currency alongside the U.S. dollar.

CHINA CREATED ITS OWN GOVERNMENT-ISSUED DIGITAL CURRENCY IN 2021.

Photo: Bloomberg/Bloomberg News

HOW WOULD IT BE DIFFERENT THAN PRIVATELY ISSUED STABLECOINS?



Some cryptocurrency companies issue stablecoins—digital currencies pegged to
national currencies such as the U.S. dollar. The Biden administration is in the
early stages of considering ways to impose banklike regulation on the those
assets, which some officials fear could fuel financial panics and need to be
more tightly regulated. A U.S. digital currency would be directly issued by the
government.

Mr. Powell told lawmakers in January that a U.S. digital dollar could compete
alongside stablecoins.

WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE TO CONSUMERS?

Depending upon how a digital dollar was constructed, there could be several
advantages. For consumers with bank accounts who are used to Venmo and other
digital payment services, the difference wouldn’t be very noticeable.

For consumers without bank accounts, however, it would offer the convenience of
digital payments without the costs of maintaining a bank account. For example,
somebody who didn’t have a bank account could get paid in a digital currency and
not have to go to a check-cashing store to convert a paycheck into cash. 

For merchants, it would likely have an advantage over credit cards as a payment
system. The money would arrive almost instantly in the merchant’s accounts and
they wouldn’t have to pay the fees to use Visa or MasterCard’s networks.

Ostensibly, a digital dollar is more secure than a bank account, assuming it
were issued by and a liability of the central bank. Effectively, since most
accounts have deposit insurance, this isn’t much of a practical advantage.

This article may be updated.


BITCOIN, DOGECOIN, TETHER: CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKETS

Related coverage, selected by the editors

Bitcoin: What to Know Before Investing
A Tax Guide for Cryptocurrency Traders
What to Know About New Efforts to Police Cryptocurrency Markets
Crypto Fees: What to Know About the Hidden Costs
A Crucial Clue in the $4.5 Billion Bitcoin Heist
Dogecoin: How to Say It and Why It’s No Longer a Joke
You Can Get Crypto Right and Still Play It Wrong
A Bitcoin ETF Is Here. What Does That Mean for Investors?

— Paul Vigna contributed to this article.

Write to Andrew Ackerman at andrew.ackerman@wsj.com



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