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Submission: On April 22 via api from US — Scanned from CA
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≡ ≡ × Home Overview Contents Index Special Topics About Contact Update FAQ × MENU 01. Introduction 02. Observable Universe 03. Superclusters 04. Clusters of Galaxies 05. Galaxies 06. Star Clusters 07. Planetary Systems 08. Stars 09. Earth 10. Multicellularity 11. Unicellularity 12. Molecules 13. Atoms 14. Nuclei 15. Elementary Particles 16. Frontier of Science 17. Special Topics Review of the Universe STRUCTURES, EVOLUTIONS, OBSERVATIONS, AND THEORIES About Misc. Image-Index Update FAQ Contact Cosmic/Origin Life/Origin Reality/Levels × search Custom Search Sort by: Relevance Relevance Date Topic-01. Introduction Topic-02. Observable Universe and Beyond The Observable Universe Big Bang Theory CMBR Spectrum CMBR Fluctuations CMBR Polarization CMBR Power Spectrum Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Dark Matter Dark Energy Parallel Universes, Multiverse - the Unobservable Universes Quantum Cosmology and Pre-Big Bang Theory Topic-03. Superclusters Large Scale Structures Large Scale Structures, Simulation The Virgo Supercluster Between the Superclusters Formation of Superclusters Density Fluctuations Power Spectrum of Cosmic Structure Topic-04. Clusters of Galaxies Cluster of Galaxies Characteristics The Virgo, the Coma, and the Perseus Clusters Cluster of Galaxies Classification Cluster of Galaxies Formation Gravitational Lens Dark Matter Topic-05. Galaxies Types of Galaxies Active Galaxies Blackholes Black-Hole in M87 (2019, 2021 Update) Seyfert Galaxies Radio Galaxies Quasars Extremely Red Objects (ERO) Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Theory of Spiral Arm Formation The Milky Way (+ 2022 Update , 2023 Update ) The 3-kpc Arms Blackhole at the Milky Way Center Dark Matter in the Milky Way Topic-06. Star Clusters Star Clusters Globular Clusters Distribution of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way Galactic (Open) Clusters OB Associations T Associations and T Tauri Stars A Sample of Stellar Life Cycle A Star Nursery Medium Black Holes Topic-07. Planetary Systems Birth of a Planetary System Formation and Evolution of the Solar System Solar System Data The Sun Terrestrial Planets - Mercury , Venus , Earth and Moon , Mars ( MSR 2021-2031 ) Asteroid Belt Jovian Planets - Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune Pluto, Dwarf Planets, and SSSB Comets Synchronous Rotation Solar Neighborhood Extrasolar Planets Topic-08. Stars Ancient Astronomy and Constellations Celestial Sphere Star Magnitudes Sky Charts and Stargazing (for Beginner) First Star (+ 2018 , 2022 , 2023 Updates) Hertzspung-Russell (HR) Diagram Stellar Structure Stellar Evolution Brown Dwarfs Variable Stars Red Giants Supergiants Planetary Nebulae and White Dwarfs Novae Wolf-Rayet Stars Supernovae , Neutron Stars , Pulsars , Magnetar , and GRB Quark Stars Preon Stars Stellar Black Holes Black Stars Electroweak Stars WIMP Stars Repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB) Stellar Models Topic-09. Earth The Beginning Geological and Biological Records Internal Structures Continental Drift Rocks, Minerals, and Gemstones Atmosphere Weather and Climate Habitable Zone Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Starry Night The End Topic-10. Multicellular Organisms Biological Classifications Evolution of Multicellular Organisms Sexual Life Cycles Homeobox Genes The Three Germ Layers and Organs Stem Cells ( 2022 Update ) Cloning Cell Fate Manipulation Sex and Death Biological Clock Sleep and Dream Meditation Consciousness Fungi Plants ( Cambrian - present ) Animals ( Cambrian - present ) What Makes Us Human? Future of the Human Race Topic-11. Unicellular Organisms Origin of Life Prion and Viruses Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleotides Amino Acids Energy Requirement DNA RNA Proteins and Enzymes Cells Mitochondria The Y Chromosome Genomes CRISPR Genome Editing Evolution: Muatation of Gene(s), Natural Selection, and Time Microbiology Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria) Bacteria Protista (Unicellular Eukaryotes) Topic-12. Molecules Quantum Theory, Blackbody Radiation (Revised in 2021) Correspondence Principle Uncertainty Principle Complemetarity Principle Exclusion Principle Path Integral, Transition to Qunatum Theory First Quantization, Schrodinger Equation (Revised in 2021) Quantum Interpretations (see 2019 Edition ) Hydrogen Atom Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Molecule Ionic Bond, Atomic Shells Hydrogen Bond, Molecular Orbital van der Waals Force, Dipole-Dipole Interaction Physical Chemistry Adhesion and Cohesion Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Soft Matter Active Matter Nano-technology The Future of Chemistry Topic-13. Atoms Periodic Table Band Theory, Metal Transistor , Application , Fabrication (2022), CPU - OS (2023) + ChatGPT sampling Solid State X-ray Diffraction Neutron Scattering / Diffraction and Spallation Specific Heats of Solids and Phonons Superfluidity Superconductivity 2-D Superconductivity Josephson Junction and SQUID Hall Effect (Classical and Quantum) Laser Plasma Topic-14. Nuclei Binding Energy Origin of Elements The Liquid-Drop and The Shell Models Nuclear Decay Nuclear Fission Release of Binding Energy , Theory of Fission , Neutron Induced Fission , Cross Section , Chain Reaction and Critical Mass Applications of Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fuel Production , Nuclear Reactors , Nuclear Bombs Thermo-nuclear Fusion Applications of Thermo-nuclear Fusion Effects of Nuclear Explosions The Fukushima Incident Helium-3 Nuclear Waste Quark Fusion and Hyper-nucleus Topic-15. Elementary Particles and the World of Planck Scale Quantum Domain Elementary Particles Fundamental Interactions Unifications, A Brief History of Physics Quantum Field Theory Gauge Theory and the Standard Model Asymptotic Freedom Quark Confinement Grand Unified Theory (GUT) Supersymmetry Superstrings Manifold, Vacuum Energy, Multiverse, and Eternal Inflation Quantum Foam and Loop Quantum Gravity Realm of Planck Scale Topic-16. Frontier of Science Special Topics Ageing Age of Animals Alleles and Inheritance Anatomy of Animals Anatomy of Plants Astronomical Instruments ATP - Energy Supplier for Life (2020 Edition) Bacteria (2021 Edition) Bell's Theorem (Quantum vs Classical) Bio-electricity Brain, Reality, and Tao (道) (2020 Edition) Calabi-Yau Manifold Chaos Theory CP-violation and Anti-matter Curvilinear Motions in Newtonian Mechanics and Quantum Spin Dating - Radioactive and Other Techniques Degeneracy Pressure DNA Sequencing and Digital DNA Double-Slit Experiment, Gateway to Quantum Theory (2020 Edition) Electromagnetism (2018 Edition) Embryology Energy of Single Particle Entropy of Many Body Problem (2020 Edition) Entanglement and Teleportation (+ 2022 Wormhole Experiment ) Evolution of Micro-organisms and Plants Fluid Dynamics and the Navier-Stokes Equations Graphene and Superconductivity Bilayer (2018) Gravity in Extra-dimensions, Manyfold and Pre-Bang Universe Group Theory and Its Application to Particle Physics Harmonic Oscillator Higgs Field (2021 Edition) Holographic Principle Immune System Inflationary Cosmology and Cyclic Universe Information, SMI, and Entropy Inner World of the Cell Integrated Information Theory (IIT) Interstitial Fluid (ISF - The Internal Sea for Life) Magnetic Monopole (Updated 2022) Many-Body Problem (2022 Edition) Mars Sample Return (MSR), 2021-2031 Mathematical Minimum (for Aspiring Physicists) Medical Science Messier Objects Metabolic Rate and Kleiber's Law Microscopes Mitosis and Meiosis Monte Carlo Methods (2022 Edition) Nervous System Neutrino Neutrino, Right-Handed (and Some SM Problems, 2021 Edition) Non-commutative Geometry and Quantum Gravity Optic Fiber Origin of Life - Natural Processes , Pre-biotic World , Proto-ribosome , A Scenario Origin of the Universe (A Quantum Version of Cosmic Inflation by Yours Truly) Particle Accelerators and Detectors Power Spectrum, CMB Quantum Computing Quantum Cosmology Quantum Field and 2nd Quantization (2021 Edition) Quantum Field Theory Quantum Interpretations (2019 Edition, 2020 QTT Update) Quantum Microscope (H Atom Images) Relativity, Cosmology, and Time Slime Moulds Life Cycle Standard Candles in Astronomy Statistics, and Statistical Mechanics Superstring Theory Synchrotron Radiation Tachyon Thermodynamics (+ Non-equilibrium Process & Life , 2020 edition) The Y Chromosome TIME Tomography (CAT, PET, MRI) Twistor Theory Type 1a Supernova Virial Theorem Wave Equations (Revised March, 2018) Wave, Sound, and Music Weather Guide When East Meets West 易經 (I-Ching : Book of Changes) Epilogue - Units, Constants, Data, Images and Links (A Scientific Chap Suey) Index, Illustration, Reference, and Photo Credit