en.wikipedia.org
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urlscan Pro
2620:0:861:ed1a::1
Public Scan
Submitted URL: http://mysilverfox.com.my/00
Effective URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_access_license
Submission: On December 24 via api from DE — Scanned from CA
Effective URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_access_license
Submission: On December 24 via api from DE — Scanned from CA
Form analysis 7 forms found in the DOM
/w/index.php
<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved">
<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
<input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [alt-shift-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" autocomplete="off">
<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
</div>
<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
</form><form id="frb-form" data-frequency="onetime">
<div class="frb-step frb-step-1">
<button class="frb-icon-btn frb-close skin-invert" aria-label="Close"></button>
<fieldset class="frb-frequency">
<legend class="frb-numbered error-highlight"> How often would you like to donate? </legend>
<ul>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" type="radio" name="frequency" id="frb-frequency-onetime" onclick="frb.setFrequency('onetime');" value="onetime" checked="">
<label class="frb-radio-label" for="frb-frequency-onetime">Once</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" type="radio" name="frequency" id="frb-frequency-monthly" onclick="frb.setFrequency('monthly');" value="monthly">
<label class="frb-radio-label" for="frb-frequency-monthly">Monthly</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" type="radio" name="frequency" id="frb-frequency-annual" onclick="frb.setFrequency('annual');" value="annual">
<label class="frb-radio-label" for="frb-frequency-annual">Annually</label>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="frb-recurring-pitch">
<svg class="frb-recurring-bar" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 203.7 9.5">
<path fill="currentColor"
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</svg> Support Wikipedia year-round
</div>
<div class="frb-recurring-pitch-thanks">
<svg class="frb-recurring-pitch-thanks-heart" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 31 31">
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</svg> Thanks for your generous support
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<fieldset class="frb-amounts">
<legend class="frb-numbered">
<span class="error-highlight">Please select an amount (<span class="frb-replace-currencycode">CAD</span>)</span><br>
<span class="avg-donation-once">The average donation in <span class="frb-replace-countryname">Canada</span> is around <span class="frb-replaced">$12</span>.</span>
<span class="avg-donation-monthly" style="display:none;">The average monthly donation in <span class="frb-replace-countryname">Canada</span> is around <span class="frb-replace-recurringaverage">$5</span>.</span>
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<li>
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<li>
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<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps3" value="25">
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<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps4" value="50">
<label for="frb-amt-ps4" class="frb-radio-label">$50</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps5" value="100">
<label for="frb-amt-ps5" class="frb-radio-label">$100</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps6" value="250">
<label for="frb-amt-ps6" class="frb-radio-label">$250</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps7" value="500">
<label for="frb-amt-ps7" class="frb-radio-label">$500</label>
</li>
<li class="frb-amt-other">
<label for="input_amount_other" class="sr-only">Other amount</label>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="input_amount_other" value="Other">
<input name="otherAmount" type="text" inputmode="decimal" id="frb-amt-other-input" size="3" autocomplete="off" value="" placeholder="Other" tabindex="-1" maxlength="10">
<label for="frb-amt-other-input" class="frb-amt-other-label sr-only">Other</label>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="frb-ptf frb-checkbox-wrapper" style="display: none;">
<input class="frb-checkbox" type="checkbox" name="ptf" id="frb-ptf-checkbox" value="true" onclick="frb.updateFeeDisplay();">
<label class="frb-checkbox-label" for="frb-ptf-checkbox">I'll generously add <span class="frb-ptf-fee frb-replaced">a little</span> to cover the transaction fees so you can keep 100% of my donation.</label>
</div>
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="frb-methods">
<legend class="frb-numbered error-highlight"> Please select a payment method </legend>
<div class="frb-payment-options">
<div data-name="Credit Card" class="frb-button frb-pm-cc frb-cctypes-vma">
<input id="frb-pm-cc" type="radio" name="frb-methods" class="frb-radio" onchange="frb.setMethod({ method:'cc' });">
<label for="frb-pm-cc" class="frb-label">
<span class="frb-pm-cc-label">Credit / Debit Card</span>
<span class="frb-cc-logo-wrapper">
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-visa" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-visa-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-visa-title">Visa</title>
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<title id="frb-cc-logo-mastercard-title">MasterCard</title>
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CONTENTS
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* (Top)
* 1 Licensing
* 2 Enforcement
* 3 Types
* 4 Combined schemes
* 5 Software editions
* 6 Terminal Services
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
Toggle the table of contents
CLIENT ACCESS LICENSE
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Form of license management
A client access license (CAL) is a commercial software license that allows
client computers to use server software services. Most commercial desktop apps
are licensed so that payment is required for each installation, but some server
products can be licensed so that payment is required for each device or user
that accesses the service provided by the software. For example, an instance of
Windows Server 2016 for which ten User CALs are purchased allows 10 distinct
users to access the server.[1][2][3][4]
LICENSING
[edit]
Main article: Software license
Commercial apps are licensed to end users or businesses: in a legally binding
agreement between the proprietor of the software (the "licensor") and the end
user or business (the "licensee"), the licensor gives permission to the licensee
to use the app under certain limitations, which are set forth in the license
agreement. In the case of Microsoft, the consumer retail or "off-the-shelf"
products generally use very similar licence agreements, allowing the licensee to
use the software on one computer, subject to the usual terms and conditions. For
businesses, Microsoft offers several types of licensing schemes for a range of
their products, which are designed to be cost effective, flexible, or both.[5]
Commercial server software, such as Windows Server 2003 and SQL Server 2005
require licenses that are more expensive than those which are purchased for
desktop software like Windows Vista. All clients that connect to these server
products must have a license to connect in order to use their services. These
special purpose licenses come in the form of a CAL.
ENFORCEMENT
[edit]
A CAL legally permits client computers to connect to commercial server software.
They usually come in the form of a certificate of authenticity (CoA) and a
license key, which is sometimes attached to the certificate itself. The various
editions of most of Microsoft's server software usually include a small number
of CALs, and this allows the software to be used by either a few users or a few
computers, depending on the CAL licensing mode. If more clients need to access
the server, then additional CALs must be purchased.
Microsoft Server products require a CAL for each unique client regardless of how
many will be connecting at any single point in time.[6] Some of Microsoft's
server software programs do not require CALs at all, as is the case of Windows
Server Web Edition. Microsoft SQL Server can be licensed for CALs, or
alternatively by CPU cores.
TYPES
[edit]
CALs apply to either a "device" (as defined in the license agreement) or a
"user". A business is free to choose either mode.
With user CALs, each CAL allows one user to connect to the server software
whenever they need to. Once the CAL has been allocated to that user, another
user cannot use it. Any number of CALs can be purchased to allow five, five
hundred, or any number of users to connect to the server. With user CALs, each
user can connect to the server software from any number of devices. The devices
are not counted, but only a set number of users can connect.
Per-device mode operates in much the same way, but limits the number of devices
which can connect, rather than the number of users. One CAL enables one device
to connect to and use the server software, regardless of how many users connect
from that particular device.
Although User and Device CALs are currently the same price, they may not be used
interchangeably, and cannot be switched without buying new CALs. The price of
User CALs has increased since December 2012 (in the UK), although the device CAL
remains the same.
COMBINED SCHEMES
[edit]
The Core CAL is a special CAL offered by Microsoft through corporate license
agreements such as Enterprise, Select or Open Value. The Core CAL is a
combination of CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SharePoint Server,
System Center Configuration Client Management License, Lync Server, and
Forefront Endpoint Subscription License. Core CALs are approximately 30 percent
cheaper than the sum of the aforementioned licenses.
With the release of the 2007 products, Microsoft started offering the Enterprise
CAL Suite. The Enterprise CAL Suite combines 15 CALs, including the Core CAL
combination, Enterprise functionality of Exchange, Lync, and SharePoint Servers,
as well as System Center Data Protection Manager, Operation Manager, and Service
Manager Client Management Licences.[7] As for the Core CALs, Enterprise CALs are
only available through Open, Enterprise or Select agreements.
SOFTWARE EDITIONS
[edit]
CALs usually enable connectivity to server software regardless of the edition of
the software.[8] For example, CALs purchased to enable client connectivity with
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition can be used with Windows Server 2003
Datacenter Edition. However, backwards compatibility is generally assured. For
example, Windows Server 2012 CALs can not only be used to access servers running
on Windows Server 2012, but they can be used to access one of the servers
running Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2003, and
any previous versions at any given time.
TERMINAL SERVICES
[edit]
Terminal Services is a function of Microsoft Windows that allows several types
of connections to the server components of the system. Windows Server versions
prior to 2003 do not necessarily require the use of specialized Terminal
Services CALs; rather, clients which are of at least the same or lower version
of the operating system are allowed access automatically. For example, Windows
NT 4.0 clients may connect to Windows NT 4.0 terminal servers but not Windows
2000 or later; Windows 2000 or Windows XP clients may connect to Windows NT 4.0
or Windows 2000 terminal servers. This is called the equivalency license.[9]
The system for enforcing the number of TS CALs ("Microsoft Enforced Licensing")
used on versions later than NT was abused by the "FLAME" malware, leading to a
patch in 2012 restricting the Certificate Creation system used for Terminal
Services.
The number of per-user TS CALs on Windows 2008 is not enforced: supposedly, this
was because Microsoft did not have time to finalize technical enforcement before
the release of the operating system.[10]
SEE ALSO
[edit]
* Copyright
REFERENCES
[edit]
1. ^ "Client Access Licenses (CAL) & Management Licenses | Microsoft Volume
Licensing". www.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
2. ^ "What are RDS CALs and how should IT use them? | TechTarget". Virtual
Desktop. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
3. ^ "Windows Server 2022 Availability Announcement - News - LATAM Partner
One". www.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
4. ^ Anderson, Tim. "Surge in home working highlights Microsoft licensing
issue: If you are not on subscription, working remotely is a premium
feature". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
5. ^ Microsoft Licensing
6. ^ Microsoft CAL Licensing Guide, Microsoft
7. ^ http://www.mslicensing.fr/theorie/core-cal-vs-enteeprise-cal[permanent
dead link] Differences between Core CAL and Enterprise CAL (in French)
8. ^ Volume Licensing for Microsoft Products and Online Services, Microsoft
9. ^ "Licensing Terminal Server in Windows Server 2003 R2". Microsoft.
Archived from the original on 2010-02-12. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
10. ^ Changes to Windows Server 2008 Terminal Server Licensing (Part 2)
Archived 2012-09-06 at archive.today
FURTHER READING
[edit]
* "Understanding Microsoft CALs and External Connector Licenses (Part 1)",
Network World, 2010
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Client_access_license&oldid=1225170799"
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