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Home » UK Supreme Court rules on AI and Patent Applications


UK SUPREME COURT RULES ON AI AND PATENT APPLICATIONS

By Carlton Daniel, Paul Jinks and David Naylor on January 3, 2024 Posted in
Artificial Intelligence, Europe, European Union Intellectual Property Office,
Patent Litigation, Patents, UK, US

In a much anticipated judgment, the UK Supreme Court delivered on 20 December
2023 its ruling in the case of Thaler v Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs
and Trade Marks (Thaler (Appellant) v Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs
and Trademarks (Respondent) – The Supreme Court) on whether an artificial
intelligence (AI) system can be named as the inventor for a UK patent
application.

The court unanimously found that AI cannot.

This judgement represents the culmination of a long-fought battle by the
appellant, Dr Thaler, who submitted two UK patent applications for inventions
(one for a food container and the other for a light beacon) which all parties
acknowledged had been autonomously created by an AI machine called “DABUS” which
Dr Thaler was the sole owner, creator and user of.

The grounds for the court’s decision was the definition of “inventor” under the
Patents Act 1977 (the Act) which requires the inventor of a patent to be a
natural person. The court held that an AI system is not a person, let alone a
natural person, thus this requirement cannot be met by an AI system which has
autonomously created an invention.

The court went on to find that the human owner of an AI system (or any other
machine) which creates or generates an invention autonomously is not permitted
to apply for a patent for that invention finding that the relevant provisions of
the Act “do not confer on any person a right to obtain a patent for any new
product or process created autonomously by a machine, let alone a person
claiming that right purely on the basis of ownership of the machine”.

In addition to this UK claim, Dr Thaler had brought similar proceedings in the
US and EU, with the US Patent and Trade Marks Office and European Patent Office
Legal Board of Appeal both reaching for their respective patent systems the same
conclusion as the UK Supreme Court in April 2020 (DABUS Denied: Only Natural
Persons can be Named as Inventors on US Patents | Global IP & Technology Law
Blog (iptechblog.com)) and December 2021 (J 0008/20 (Designation of
inventor/DABUS) 21-12-2021 | Epo.org) respectively, namely that a natural
person/human inventor was required for a patent application which DABUS was not
and that Dr Thaler’s mere ownership of a machine which had autonomously created
an invention was not sufficient to allow a patent application to proceed.

So for the moment, the position under the UK patent system is that AI is very
much a tool rather than an autonomous agent in its own right. However, the court
did acknowledge that the system may need to change in future to reflect the
increasing prevalence of AI and that its ruling is not intended to prevent that,
making clear that its judgement is not concerned with the broader question as to
whether technical advances generated by machines acting autonomously and powered
by AI should be patentable nor whether the definition term “inventor” ought to
be expanded to include such machines.

As such, in terms of predictions for the coming year, the commencement of
consultations on changes to the UK patent system in light of AI feels like a
safe bet.

Tweet this post Like this post Email this post Share this post on LinkedIn
Tags: AI, DABUS, Inventor, Patents Act 1977, UK patent
Copyright Squire Patton Boggs.

The opinions expressed in this update are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the Firm, its clients, or any of its or their
respective affiliates. This article is for general information purposes and is
not intended to be and should not be taken as legal advice.


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