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Artificial Intelligence: News, Business, Research

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AI and society
Aug 24, 2024Aug 24, 2024
Matthias Bastian


OPENAI AND ANTHROPIC SPLIT OVER NEW AI LAW TARGETING CATASTROPHIC RISKS

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Matthias Bastian

Online journalist Matthias is the co-founder and publisher of THE DECODER. He
believes that artificial intelligence will fundamentally change the relationship
between humans and computers.
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Summary


A proposed California bill to regulate AI models is exposing divisions among
Silicon Valley's leading AI companies. OpenAI opposes the measure, while
Anthropic cautiously supports it.

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The controversy surrounding California's proposed AI regulation, SB 1047, is
heating up. The legislation aims to regulate AI models that pose "catastrophic
risks" to humans and cybersecurity, while also protecting whistleblowers who
raise alarms about these dangers. However, Silicon Valley's AI giants are at
odds over the bill's merits.

OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, argues against the bill in a letter to
California Governor Gavin Newsom. They claim AI model regulation should be
handled at the federal level, as it involves national safety concerns. OpenAI
also warns the law could threaten California's leadership in AI development and
drive companies out of the state.

"The broad and significant implications of AI for U.S. competitiveness and
national security
require that regulation of frontier models be shaped and implemented at the
federal level. A
federally-driven set of AI policies, rather than a patchwork of state laws, will
foster innovation and
position the U.S. to lead the development of global standards," writes Jason
Kwon, OpenAI's chief strategy officer.

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ANTHROPIC SUPPORTS THE LAW DESPITE RESERVATIONS

Anthropic, creator of the AI chatbot Claude, takes a different stance. In its
own letter to Governor Newsom, the company broadly supports the bill despite
some reservations. Anthropic views SB 1047 as a crucial step toward mitigating
catastrophic risks from AI systems.

According to Anthropic, the bill addresses valid concerns about rapidly evolving
AI capabilities. While this progress holds great economic potential for
California, it also carries significant dangers. The company warns that serious
AI misuse could occur within one to three years.

Anthropic praises SB 1047's requirement for AI companies to develop safety and
security protocols (SSPs) and provide transparent information about them. The
law also incentivizes effective SSPs by linking liability for damages to
protocol quality. Additionally, SB 1047 promotes research on AI risk mitigation.

Anthropic also notes some issues with the bill, including overly prescriptive
oversight and broad authority granted to regulators. Despite these concerns, the
company believes the bill's benefits outweigh its drawbacks and calls on all
parties to focus on key objectives: transparency in safety practices, incentives
for effective safety plans, and avoiding unintended consequences.

Key provisions of SB 1047

California may introduce new rules for AI development with the "Safe and Secure
Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act" (SB 1047).

The law requires companies developing high-risk AI models to create safety and
security protocols (SSPs). These SSPs must assess potential risks and outline
mitigation measures. Companies must publish their SSPs and undergo annual
third-party audits starting in 2026. Developers must also submit compliance
statements and report AI safety incidents.

SB 1047 incentivizes effective SSPs by linking a company's liability for
AI-caused harm to the quality of its protocols. The bill also protects
whistleblowers who report risks to authorities.

The bill defines specific AI models that are subject to regulation. These
include models trained with more than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations
and costing more than $100 million. It also covers models created by fine-tuning
such systems with at least 3x10^25 operations and costing more than $10 million.
A new "Board of Frontier Models" will update these definitions over time.

The government plans to create a public cloud computing cluster called
"CalCompute" to promote safe and ethical AI development. The law includes
detailed regulations on its scope, obligations, oversight, and penalties.




EX-OPENAI STAFF ACCUSE COMPANY OF MISLEADING PUBLIC ON AI SAFETY

Former OpenAI employees have also weighed in, accusing their ex-employer of
misleading the public. In an open letter, William Saunders and Daniel Kokotajlo
claim they left OpenAI due to lost confidence in the company's commitment to
safe, honest, and responsible AI development.

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AI and society


THE RABBIT HOLE THAT IS OPENAI'S Q*




Saunders and Kokotajlo allege that OpenAI ignored safety protocols and silenced
internal critics, despite publicly claiming otherwise, and criticize OpenAI's
current opposition to regulation, pointing out that CEO Sam Altman had
previously publicly supported it. They also accuse OpenAI of using scare tactics
and making excuses.

In contrast, the ex-employees applaud Anthropic's nuanced stance on the bill.
Unlike OpenAI, Anthropic shared specific concerns, suggested changes, and
ultimately said the bill was likely to be positive overall and not too difficult
to comply with, they say.

Several former OpenAI security staffers have recently joined Anthropic,
including Jan Leike, OpenAI's former head of Super AI alignment. OpenAI
co-founder Jan Schulman also joined Anthropic, saying he wanted to focus on
safety research.


SENATOR WIENER REJECTS OPENAI'S CRITICISM

Senator Scott Wiener, the bill's author, dismisses OpenAI's criticisms. He
argues that the company fails to address specific provisions, instead calling
for regulation to be left to Congress, which has yet to act.

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Wiener rejects claims that companies will leave California as a "tired
argument," noting that SB 1047 applies to all companies doing business in the
state, regardless of their headquarters location.

"Bottom line: SB 1047 is a highly reasonable bill that asks large AI labs to do
what they’ve already committed to doing, namely, test their large models for
catastrophic safety risk," Wiener writes.

Wiener also points to the support for SB 1047 from high-level security experts.
Retired Lieutenant General John Shanahan called the bill balanced and practical
in addressing the most dangerous immediate risks to society and national
security. Andrew Weber, a former Pentagon official, emphasized the need for
strict cybersecurity measures for advanced AI systems to prevent them from
falling into the wrong hands.

The bill now moves to the State Assembly for deliberation and voting. If it
passes, Governor Newsom will decide whether to sign it into law or veto it.

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Summary
 * California's proposed bill SB 1047 aims to regulate AI models that pose
   catastrophic risks. The legislation requires companies to create, publish,
   and audit safety protocols for high-risk AI systems. It also protects
   whistleblowers who report potential dangers.
 * OpenAI opposes the bill, arguing that AI regulation should be handled at the
   federal level. In contrast, Anthropic cautiously supports SB 1047, viewing it
   as a crucial step toward mitigating catastrophic AI risks, despite some
   reservations about its implementation.
 * Former OpenAI employees have accused the company of misleading the public and
   neglecting safety measures. They praise Anthropic's more nuanced approach to
   the bill. Prominent safety experts endorse SB 1047, describing it as a
   balanced and necessary measure to address immediate AI-related risks to
   society and national security.

Sources
SB 1047 Senator Wiener OpenAI letter Anthropic letter Whistleblower letter
Matthias Bastian

Online journalist Matthias is the co-founder and publisher of THE DECODER. He
believes that artificial intelligence will fundamentally change the relationship
between humans and computers.
Profile
E-Mail
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OPENAI AND ANTHROPIC SPLIT OVER NEW AI LAW TARGETING CATASTROPHIC RISKS

 * Anthropic supports the law despite reservations

 * Ex-OpenAI staff accuse company of misleading public on AI safety

 * Senator Wiener rejects OpenAI's criticism


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