lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com

Summary

This website contacted 1 IPs in 1 countries across 2 domains to perform 1 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by COMODO ECC Domain Validation Secure S... on November 11th 2022. Valid for: 10 months.

This is the only time lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1 1	2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6812:1224	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1	2606:4700:300... 2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1	1

1 2606:4700::6812:1224 (United States) 1 redirects

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

lb.cloudflaresso.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
1	cloudflareaccess.com lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com	11 KB
1	cloudflaresso.com 1 redirects lb.cloudflaresso.com	1 KB
1	2

	Domain	Requested by
1	lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com
1	lb.cloudflaresso.com	1 redirects
1	2

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
websso.limitedbrands.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
ssl1075497.cloudflaressl.com COMODO ECC Domain Validation Secure Server CA 2	`2022-11-11` - `2023-09-07`	10 months	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd935140c6eaa69d4266650f40dcbdf3f4348f&redirect_url=%2F&meta=eyJraWQiOiIzMzFhY2VkZjMxZDU2ODc0MTJiODY1MDhhOGQxNmE3MDIxZWNkMmZhMjk4ZmJiM2NkMzkyMjRkMDFlNTNhMjEyIiwiYWxnIjoiUlMyNTYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.eyJzZXJ2aWNlX3Rva2VuX3N0YXR1cyI6ZmFsc2UsImlhdCI6MTY3NzUzOTM5Mywic2VydmljZV90b2tlbl9pZCI6IiIsImF1ZCI6ImU5OGVmOGFmNWUwYzVhNTg2MzVmYWVmZGI3ZmQ5MzUxNDBjNmVhYTY5ZDQyNjY2NTBmNDBkY2JkZjNmNDM0OGYiLCJob3N0bmFtZSI6ImxiLmNsb3VkZmxhcmVzc28uY29tIiwiYXBwX3Nlc3Npb25faGFzaCI6IjYyZTc3NzFmZDllOTZhNmE5YmY0ZDYwODQ5MzgwZTA0ZjY4OTMwY2QxZjJkMzhhZjc1YzdiOWNjNDliYzhkYTIiLCJuYmYiOjE2Nzc1MzkzOTMsImlzX3dhcnAiOmZhbHNlLCJpc19nYXRld2F5IjpmYWxzZSwidHlwZSI6Im1ldGEiLCJyZWRpcmVjdF91cmwiOiJcLyIsIm10bHNfYXV0aCI6eyJjZXJ0X2lzc3Vlcl9za2kiOiIiLCJjZXJ0X3ByZXNlbnRlZCI6ZmFsc2UsImNlcnRfc2VyaWFsIjoiIiwiY2VydF9pc3N1ZXJfZG4iOiIiLCJhdXRoX3N0YXR1cyI6Ik5PTkUifSwiYXV0aF9zdGF0dXMiOiJOT05FIn0.HVB6g7N1zTPcMKKoiqj7ytjZ7iBOK7l7obkeXDqNjWDXe8StW4NB8jL1Tixr9XfaTqmlMXEbnvnsQdXBfcDPeNaLJpUs5gc2MbZT5UVHhdthTQpKpdGXWBJw-xKraRYZczHUZcjYA6mxgfCkdYgBtz4OvJCD4NDWc2qaTZmFLbwjxxeLvNod7b3mw8WpkGIhHHDMY9_TxkY4FeNNDku4d-PRUpEiCCiXZsSSK6cdGrH_sZn2lvzZ322GjNyGYbabgNE8CG9ObGtMxnHO6ZNrzl7eOcss6hg808JfNawzlkLGqklqmDSinBv65FNA9Gg9GHkbq7sjSnBfB-9J6Aoy-A
Frame ID: 0ABC410E3C8F4CEB0FCC5F532935C55C
Requests: 1 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Sign in ・ Cloudflare Access

Page URL History Show full URLs

https://lb.cloudflaresso.com/ HTTP 302
https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd93... Page URL

Page Statistics

1
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

11 kB
Transfer

28 kB
Size

2
Cookies

1 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://websso.limitedbrands.com/idp/SSO.saml2?SAMLRequest=pZJbT8JAEIX%2FSrPvvVhE46YlQQgRRS0UfPBtuzuFDdvdurMV%2Ffe24IXEyIuvM3PmO2cyCbJK1XTYuI1ewEsD6Ly3SmmkXSMljdXUMJRINasAqeM0H97PaBxElCGCddJociSpT2tqa5zhRhFv%2BKUeGY1NBTYH%2Byo5rBazlGycq5GGoSp4iWgCrkwjSsUsMM4BMeCmCrnQPl%2FL8FAKOVOqYHxLvOk4Jbrm2S42o7LcRrfzwpm7%2BWrRmz4w3EzE4kr2iTduw0rNOg8%2FxB0UHVDJSjoQhWVaHGhS1GGePwZdyLhlIDYw1eiYdimJo7jnR7EfXy7jHo2uaP88iHoXz8TLPgNfSy2kXp%2B%2BTnEYQnqzXGZ%2B9pgvifcEFvcO2wEySDo83cPt4D9XSsLjTcnhDR5aR9NxZpTk795QKbMbtbscpMTZBog3MbZi7u8MZ8HZviKFX%2B5HaaOxBi5LCaI1H%2F7GfBePX3DwAQ%3D%3D&RelayState=f0a921900f49fc8350fd0af397b008cc8541b227cb1e159984472f3b0bdb4b2f.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%3D%3D
Title: SAML ・ Lbrands

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

https://lb.cloudflaresso.com/ HTTP 302
https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd935140c6eaa69d4266650f40dcbdf3f4348f&redirect_url=%2F&meta=eyJraWQiOiIzMzFhY2VkZjMxZDU2ODc0MTJiODY1MDhhOGQxNmE3MDIxZWNkMmZhMjk4ZmJiM2NkMzkyMjRkMDFlNTNhMjEyIiwiYWxnIjoiUlMyNTYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.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.HVB6g7N1zTPcMKKoiqj7ytjZ7iBOK7l7obkeXDqNjWDXe8StW4NB8jL1Tixr9XfaTqmlMXEbnvnsQdXBfcDPeNaLJpUs5gc2MbZT5UVHhdthTQpKpdGXWBJw-xKraRYZczHUZcjYA6mxgfCkdYgBtz4OvJCD4NDWc2qaTZmFLbwjxxeLvNod7b3mw8WpkGIhHHDMY9_TxkY4FeNNDku4d-PRUpEiCCiXZsSSK6cdGrH_sZn2lvzZ322GjNyGYbabgNE8CG9ObGtMxnHO6ZNrzl7eOcss6hg808JfNawzlkLGqklqmDSinBv65FNA9Gg9GHkbq7sjSnBfB-9J6Aoy-A Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

1 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2

200

Primary Request lb.cloudflaresso.com Show response
lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/
Redirect Chain

https://lb.cloudflaresso.com/
https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd935140c6eaa69d4266650f40dcbdf3f4348f&redirect_url=%2F&meta=eyJraWQiOiIzMzFhY2VkZjMxZDU...

28 KB
11 KB

239ms
176ms

Document
text/html

2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd935140c6eaa69d4266650f40dcbdf3f4348f&redirect_url=%2F&meta=eyJraWQiOiIzMzFhY2VkZjMxZDU2ODc0MTJiODY1MDhhOGQxNmE3MDIxZWNkMmZhMjk4ZmJiM2NkMzkyMjRkMDFlNTNhMjEyIiwiYWxnIjoiUlMyNTYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.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.HVB6g7N1zTPcMKKoiqj7ytjZ7iBOK7l7obkeXDqNjWDXe8StW4NB8jL1Tixr9XfaTqmlMXEbnvnsQdXBfcDPeNaLJpUs5gc2MbZT5UVHhdthTQpKpdGXWBJw-xKraRYZczHUZcjYA6mxgfCkdYgBtz4OvJCD4NDWc2qaTZmFLbwjxxeLvNod7b3mw8WpkGIhHHDMY9_TxkY4FeNNDku4d-PRUpEiCCiXZsSSK6cdGrH_sZn2lvzZ322GjNyGYbabgNE8CG9ObGtMxnHO6ZNrzl7eOcss6hg808JfNawzlkLGqklqmDSinBv65FNA9Gg9GHkbq7sjSnBfB-9J6Aoy-A

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

4cb411c6f2378750f0b118c3ee69278386847a7e1116946fa3ef32d448b9b554

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	frame-ancestors 'none'; connect-src 'self' http://127.0.0.1:*; default-src https: 'unsafe-inline'
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.5481.177 Safari/537.36
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9

Response headers

access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-origin: null
cf-access-domain: lb.cloudflaresso.com
cf-ray: 7a04973bdae08fe0-FRA
cf-version: 1383-1f1d23e
content-encoding: gzip
content-security-policy: frame-ancestors 'none'; connect-src 'self' http://127.0.0.1:*; default-src https: 'unsafe-inline'
content-type: text/html
date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 23:09:54 GMT
referrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
server: cloudflare
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: DENY
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block

Redirect headers

access-control-allow-credentials: true
cache-control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
cf-ray: 7a04973b4cc3377c-FRA
date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 23:09:53 GMT
expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
location: https://lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/login/lb.cloudflaresso.com?kid=e98ef8af5e0c5a58635faefdb7fd935140c6eaa69d4266650f40dcbdf3f4348f&redirect_url=%2F&meta=eyJraWQiOiIzMzFhY2VkZjMxZDU2ODc0MTJiODY1MDhhOGQxNmE3MDIxZWNkMmZhMjk4ZmJiM2NkMzkyMjRkMDFlNTNhMjEyIiwiYWxnIjoiUlMyNTYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.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.HVB6g7N1zTPcMKKoiqj7ytjZ7iBOK7l7obkeXDqNjWDXe8StW4NB8jL1Tixr9XfaTqmlMXEbnvnsQdXBfcDPeNaLJpUs5gc2MbZT5UVHhdthTQpKpdGXWBJw-xKraRYZczHUZcjYA6mxgfCkdYgBtz4OvJCD4NDWc2qaTZmFLbwjxxeLvNod7b3mw8WpkGIhHHDMY9_TxkY4FeNNDku4d-PRUpEiCCiXZsSSK6cdGrH_sZn2lvzZ322GjNyGYbabgNE8CG9ObGtMxnHO6ZNrzl7eOcss6hg808JfNawzlkLGqklqmDSinBv65FNA9Gg9GHkbq7sjSnBfB-9J6Aoy-A
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

10 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

2 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			lb.cloudflaresso.com/	1970-01-20 10:00:25	Name: CF_AppSession Value: n59ba2ddf5e6b3ede
			lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com/	1970-01-20 09:59:13	Name: CF_Session Value: nPapYfrtb5KcRcFcn

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
Content-Security-Policy	frame-ancestors 'none'; connect-src 'self' http://127.0.0.1:*; default-src https: 'unsafe-inline'
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

lb.cloudflaresso.com
lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com
2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d
2606:4700::6812:1224
4cb411c6f2378750f0b118c3ee69278386847a7e1116946fa3ef32d448b9b554

lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com Open in urlscan Pro 2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page URL History Show full URLs

Page Statistics

1 Requests

100 %HTTPS

100 %IPv6

2 Domains

2 Subdomains

1 IPs

1 Countries

11 kBTransfer

28 kBSize

2 Cookies

1 Outgoing links

Page URL History

Redirected requests

1 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

10 JavaScript Global Variables

2 Cookies

Security Headers

Indicators

lbcfsso.cloudflareaccess.com Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700:300a::6813:c31d Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

1
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

11 kB
Transfer

28 kB
Size

2
Cookies

1 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions