ncses.nsf.gov Open in urlscan Pro
2620:10f:6002:221::92  Public Scan

Form analysis
4 forms found in the DOM

GET /search

<form id="mobile-ncses-search" class="search-box-form" method="GET" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search">
  <input autocomplete="off" type="text" class="search-box-input" placeholder="Search NCSES" name="query" aria-label="Search N C S E S">
  <button type="submit" class="cms-fa-pro" aria-label="Submit search query"><i class="fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass"></i><span class="button-label">Search</span></button>
</form>

GET /search

<form id="header-search-form" method="GET" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search" data-toggle-controller="search-expand-button" hidden="">
  <input id="header-search-input" type="text" name="query" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search for surveys, variables, and keywords id">
  <button id="header-search-form-close-button" class="st-close-main-nav" aria-label="Close search box" tabindex="0"></button>
</form>

POST https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNSF/subscribers/qualify

<form autocomplete="off" accept-charset="UTF-8" target="_self" action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNSF/subscribers/qualify" id="GD-snippet-form" method="post">
  <input type="text" placeholder="Enter your e-mail address" name="email" aria-label="Enter your e-mail address"> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNSF_66">
  <button class="btn btn-primary arrow" type="submit">Subscribe</button>
</form>

Name: ncsesSearch — GET /search

<form name="ncsesSearch" method="GET" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search">
  <input autocomplete="off" type="text" class="search-box-input" placeholder="Search NCSES" name="query" aria-label="Search NCSES">
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span>Search</span></button><input autocomplete="off" type="text" name="method" value="search" title="search" style="display:none;">
</form>

Text Content

Skip to Main Content
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
MENU CLOSE
 * About
   About
   
   Learn about NCSES's mission, organization, and responsibilities within the
   federal statistical system.
   
    * About NCSES
    * Leadership & Staff
    * Data Governance
    * Quality & Transparency
    * Research
    * What's New from NCSES
    * Contact

 * Areas of Interest
   Areas of Interest
   
   NCSES's mission focuses on six core areas of interest related to the U.S.
   science and engineering enterprise. Explore each area to discover related
   data and products.
   
    * Areas of Interest Overview
    * Government Science & Engineering Funding
    * Higher Education Research & Development
    * Innovation & Global Competitiveness
    * Research & Development
    * Science & Engineering Workforce
    * STEM Education

 * Surveys & Analysis
   Surveys & Analysis
   
   Browse NCSES's surveys of the science and engineering enterprise and explore
   related reports and data collections.
   
    * Surveys & Analysis Overview
    * All Surveys
    * Schedule of Release Dates
    * Latest Releases
    * Corrections

 * Data
   Explore Data
   
   Discover and analyze NCSES data through our collection of interactive data
   tools, profiles, and related resources.
   
    * Explore Data Overview
    * Data Explorer
    * State Indicators
    * Academic Institution Profiles
    * Public Use Files
    * Restricted Use Data Licensing

 * Initiatives & Resources
   Initiatives & Resources
   
   Learn about NCSES's crosscutting initiatives and projects and browse our
   collection of educational resources.
   
    * Funding Opportunities
    * Initiatives Overview
      * Cybersecurity Workforce Data Initiative
      * National Secure Data Service Demo
      * Standard Application Process
    * 
    * Resources Overview
      * Resource Library
      * Knowledge Base
      * Master Government List of FFRDCs
      * Glossary
      * FAQ

Search

Search Search


SURVEY OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT2022 - 2023

 * Survey Info
   * Summary
     * Areas of Interest
     * Survey Administration
     * Survey Details
 * Methodology
   * Survey Description
     * Survey Overview (FYs 2022–23 survey cycle; volume 72)
     * Key Survey Information
     * Survey Design
     * Data Collection and Processing
     * Survey Quality Measures
     * Data Availability and Comparability
     * Data Products
   * Technical Notes
     * Survey Overview
     * Key Survey Information
     * Survey Design
     * Data Collection and Processing Methods
     * Survey Quality Measures
     * Data Comparability (Changes)
     * Definitions
   * Technical Tables
   * Questionnaires
 * Data
   * Key Data Tables
   * Data Tables
     * Research, development, and R&D plant
     * Research and experimental development
     * Research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E)
     * Intramural obligations for research and experimental development and R&D
       Plant
     * Research obligations
     * Basic research obligations
     * Applied research obligations
     * Experimental development obligations
     * R&D plant
     * Obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers: FY 2022
     * Research obligations to higher education performers
     * Basic research obligations to higher education performers
     * Applied research obligations to higher education performers
     * Experimental development obligations to higher education performers
     * Foreign performer obligations, by region, country or economy, and agency
     * Geographic distribution of obligations
     * Geographic distribution of Department of Defense RDT&E obligations
     * Outlays, by agency
     * Obligations, by agency
     * Obligations, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
     * Obligations, by detailed field of science and engineering
     * Obligations, by state or location
   * General Notes
   * Acknowledgments and Suggested Citation
     * Acknowledgments
     * Suggested Citation
 * Analysis

Select a cycle year
 * 2022 - 2023
 * 2021 - 2022
 * 2020 - 2021
 * All previous cycle years

The Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development is an annual census of
federal agencies that conduct research and development (R&D) programs and the
primary source of information about U.S. federal funding for R&D.

Build Custom Tables

 * Survey Info
 * Methodology
 * Data
 * Analysis


SURVEY INFO


SUMMARY

The Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development (R&D) is the primary
source of information about federal funding for R&D in the United States. The
survey is an annual census completed by the federal agencies that conduct R&D
programs. Actual data are collected for the fiscal year just completed;
estimates are obtained for the current fiscal year.

AREAS OF INTEREST

 * Government Funding for Science and Engineering
 * Research and Development

SURVEY ADMINISTRATION

Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. (Synectics) performed the data
collection for volume 72 (FYs 2022–23) under contract to the National Center for
Science and Engineering Statistics.

SURVEY DETAILS

Status Active Frequency Annual Reference Period FYs 2022–23 Next Release Date
April 2025

Report Downloads
 * Survey Description (PDF 127 KB)
 * Data Tables (PDF 4.8 MB)


FEATURED SURVEY ANALYSIS

FEDERAL R&D OBLIGATIONS INCREASED 0.4% IN FY 2022; ESTIMATED TO DECLINE IN FY
2023

April 3, 2024
Product ID: NSF 24-322
View  Download

SURVEY OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR R&D OVERVIEW

 View and Download


DATA HIGHLIGHTS

FEDERAL AGENCY OBLIGATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
TOTALED $190.4 BILLION IN FY 2022



An increase of 0.4% from FY 2021



View analysis

$45.4B



Total federal agency obligations for basic research in FY 2022



95%



Six federal agencies obligated $181.8 billion for R&D, or 95% of the total
federal share in FY 2022



ALTHOUGH FEDERAL OBLIGATIONS FOR BOTH BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH INCREASED
BETWEEN FY 2021 AND FY 2022, EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OBLIGATIONS DECREASED



Funding for research (both basic and applied) increased 9.2%; funding for
experimental development decreased 6.8%



View analysis


METHODOLOGY

 * Survey Description
   
    * Survey Overview (FYs 2022–23 survey cycle; volume 72)
      
    * Key Survey Information
      
    * Survey Design
      
    * Data Collection and Processing
      
    * Survey Quality Measures
      
    * Data Availability and Comparability
      
    * Data Products
      

 * Technical Notes
   
    * Survey Overview
      
    * Key Survey Information
      
    * Survey Design
      
    * Data Collection and Processing Methods
      
    * Survey Quality Measures
      
    * Data Comparability (Changes)
      
    * Definitions
      

 * Technical Tables
   
 * Questionnaires
   


SURVEY DESCRIPTION

SURVEY OVERVIEW (FYS 2022–23 SURVEY CYCLE; VOLUME 72)

PURPOSE

The annual Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development (Federal Funds
for R&D) is the primary source of information about federal funding for R&D in
the United States. The results of the survey are also used in the federal
government’s calculation of U.S. gross domestic product at the national and
state level, used for policy analysis, and used for budget purposes for the
Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, the Small Business
Innovation Research, and the Small Business Technology Transfer. The survey is
sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
within the National Science Foundation (NSF).

DATA COLLECTION AUTHORITY

The information is solicited under the authority of the National Science
Foundation Act of 1950, as amended, and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act
of 2010.

MAJOR CHANGES TO RECENT SURVEY CYCLE

None.

KEY SURVEY INFORMATION

FREQUENCY

Annual.

INITIAL SURVEY YEAR

1951.

REFERENCE PERIOD

FYs 2022–23.

RESPONSE UNIT

Federal agencies.

SAMPLE OR CENSUS

Census.

POPULATION SIZE

The population consists of the 32 federal agencies that conduct R&D programs,
excluding the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

SAMPLE SIZE

Not applicable; the survey is a census of all federal agencies that conduct R&D
programs, excluding the CIA.

KEY VARIABLES

Key variables of interest are listed below.

The survey provides data on federal obligations by the following key variables:

 * Federal agency
 * Field of R&D (formerly field of science and engineering)
 * Geographic location (within the United States and by foreign country or
   economy)
 * Performer (type of organization doing the work)
 * R&D plant (facilities and major equipment)
 * Type of R&D (research, development, test, and evaluation [RDT&E] for
   Department of Defense [DOD] agencies)
    * Basic research
    * Applied research
    * Development, also known as experimental development

The survey provides data on federal outlays by the following key variables:

 * R&D (RDT&E for DOD agencies)
 * R&D plant

Note that the variables “R&D,” “type of R&D,” and “R&D plant” in this survey use
definitions comparable to those used by the Office of Management and Budget
Circular A-11, Section 84 (Schedule C).

SURVEY DESIGN

TARGET POPULATION

The population consists of the federal agencies that conduct R&D programs,
excluding the CIA. For the FYs 2022–23 cycle, a total of 32 federal agencies (14
federal departments and 18 independent agencies) reported R&D data.

SAMPLING FRAME

The survey is a census of all federal agencies that conduct R&D programs,
excluding the CIA. The agencies are identified from information in the
president’s budget submitted to Congress. The Analytical Perspectives volume and
the “Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency” section of the appendix to the
president’s budget identify agencies that receive funding for R&D.

SAMPLE DESIGN

Not applicable.

DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING

DATA COLLECTION

Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. (Synectics) performed the data
collection for volume 72 (FYs 2022–23) under contract to NCSES. Agencies were
initially contacted by e-mail to verify the contact information of each
agency-level survey respondent. A Web-based data collection system is used for
the survey. Multiple subdivisions of some federal departments were permitted to
submit information to create a complete accounting of the departments’ R&D
funding activities.

Data collection for Federal Funds for R&D began in May 2023 and continued into
September 2023.

DATA PROCESSING

A Web-based data collection system is used to collect and manage data for the
survey. This Web-based system was designed to help improve survey reporting and
reduce data collection and processing costs by offering respondents direct
online reporting and editing.

All data collection efforts, data imports, and trend checking are accomplished
using the Web-based data collection system. The Web-based data collection system
has a component that allows survey respondents to enter their data online; it
also has a component that allows the contractor to monitor support requests,
data entry, and data issues.

ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES

Published totals are created by summing respondent data, there are no survey
weights or other adjustments.

SURVEY QUALITY MEASURES

SAMPLING ERROR

Not applicable.

COVERAGE ERROR

Given the existence of a complete list of all eligible agencies, there is no
known coverage error. The CIA is purposely excluded.

NONRESPONSE ERROR

There is no unit nonresponse. To increase item response, agencies are encouraged
to estimate when actual data are unavailable. The survey instrument allows
respondents to enter data or skip data fields. There are several possible
sources of nonresponse error by respondents, including inadvertently skipping
data fields or skipping data fields when data are unavailable.

MEASUREMENT ERROR

Some measurement problems are known to exist in the Federal Funds of R&D data.
Some agencies cannot report the full costs of R&D, the final performer of R&D,
or R&D plant data.

For example, DOD does not include headquarters’ costs of planning and
administering R&D programs, which are estimated at a fraction of 1% of its total
cost. DOD has stated that identification of amounts at this level is
impracticable.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the Department of Health and Human
Services currently has many of its awards in its financial system without any
field of R&D code. Therefore, NIH uses an alternate source to estimate its
research dollars by field of R&D. NIH uses scientific class codes (based upon
history of grant, content of the title, and the name of the awarding institute
or center) as an approximation for field of R&D.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) does not include any
field of R&D codes in its financial database. Consequently, NASA must estimate
what percentage of the agency’s research dollars are allocated into the fields
of R&D.

Also, agencies are required to report the ultimate performer of R&D. However,
through past workshops, NCSES has learned that some agencies do not always track
their R&D dollars to the ultimate performer of R&D. This leads to some degree of
misclassification of performers of R&D, but NCSES has not determined the extent
of the errors in performer misclassification by the reporting agencies.

R&D plant data are underreported to some extent because of the difficulty some
agencies, particularly DOD and NASA, encounter in identifying and reporting
these data. DOD’s respondents report obligations for R&D plant funded under the
agency’s appropriation for construction, but they are able to identify only a
small portion of the R&D plant support that is within R&D contracts funded from
DOD’s appropriation for RDT&E. Similarly, NASA respondents cannot separately
identify the portions of industrial R&D contracts that apply to R&D plant
because these data are subsumed in the R&D data covering industrial performance.
NASA R&D plant data for other performing sectors are reported separately.

DATA AVAILABILITY AND COMPARABILITY

DATA AVAILABILITY

Annual data are available for FYs 1951–2023.

DATA COMPARABILITY

Until the release of volume 71 (FYs 2021–22) the information included in this
survey had been unchanged since volume 23 (FYs 1973–75), when federal
obligations for research to universities and colleges by agency and detailed
field of science and engineering were added to the survey. Other variables (such
as type of R&D and type of performer) are available from the early 1950s on. The
volume 71 survey revisions maintained the four main R&D crosscuts (i.e., type of
R&D, field of R&D [previously referred to as field of science and engineering],
type of performer, and geographic area) collected previously. However, there
were revisions within these crosscuts to ensure consistency with other NCSES
surveys. These include revisions to the fields of R&D and the type of performer
categories (see Technical Notes, table A-3 for a crosswalk of the fields of
science and engineering to the fields of R&D). In addition, new variables were
added, such as field of R&D for experimental development (whereas before, the
survey participants had only reported fields of R&D [formerly fields of science]
for basic research and applied research). Grants and contracts for extramural
R&D performers and obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers were
also added in volume 71.

Every time new data are released, there may be changes to past years’ data
because agencies sometimes update older information or reclassify responses for
prior years as additional budget data become available. For trend comparisons,
use the historical data from only the most recent publication, which
incorporates changes agencies have made in prior year data to reflect program
reclassifications or other corrections. Do not use data published earlier.

DATA PRODUCTS

PUBLICATIONS

NCSES publishes data from this survey annually in tables and analytic reports
available at Federal Funds for R&D Survey page and in the Science and
Engineering State Profiles.

ELECTRONIC ACCESS

Access to the data for major data elements are available in NCSES’s interactive
data tool at https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/.

 


TECHNICAL NOTES

SURVEY OVERVIEW

Purpose. The annual Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development
(Federal Funds for R&D) is the primary source of information about federal
funding for R&D in the United States. The results of the survey are also used in
the federal government’s calculation of U.S. gross domestic product at the
national and state level, for policy analysis, and for budget purposes for the
Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, the Small Business
Innovation Research, and the Small Business Technology Transfer. In addition, as
of volume 71, the Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to
Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions (Federal S&E Support Survey)
was integrated into this survey as a module, making Federal Funds for R&D the
comprehensive data source on federal science and engineering (S&E) funding to
individual academic and nonprofit institutions.

Data collection authority. The information is solicited under the authority of
the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended, and the America
COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010.

Survey contractor. Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. (Synectics).

Survey sponsor. The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
(NCSES) within the National Science Foundation (NSF).

KEY SURVEY INFORMATION

Frequency. Annual.

Initial survey year. 1951.

Reference period. FYs 2022–23.

Response unit. Federal agencies.

Sample or census. Census.

Population size. For the FYs 2022–23 cycle, a total of 32 federal agencies
reported R&D data. (See section “Survey Design” for details.)

Sample size. Not applicable; the survey is a census of all federal agencies that
conduct R&D programs, excluding the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

SURVEY DESIGN

Target population. The population consists of the federal agencies that conduct
R&D programs, excluding the CIA. For the FYs 2022–23 cycle, a total of 32
federal agencies (14 federal departments and 18 independent agencies) reported
R&D data.

Sampling frame. The survey is a census of all federal agencies that conduct R&D
programs, excluding the CIA. The agencies are identified from information in the
president’s budget submitted to Congress. The Analytical Perspectives volume and
the “Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency” section of the appendix to the
president’s budget identify agencies that receive funding for R&D.

Sample design. Not applicable.

DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING METHODS

Data collection. Data for FYs 2022–23 (volume 72) were collected by Synectics
under contract to NCSES (for a full list of fiscal years canvassed by survey
volume reference, see Table A-4). Data collection began with an e-mail to each
agency to verify the name, phone number, and e-mail address of each agency-level
survey respondent. A Web-based data collection system is used for the survey.
Because multiple subdivisions of some federal departments completed the survey,
there were 72 agency-level respondents: 6 federal departments that reported for
themselves, 48 agencies within another 8 federal departments, and 18 independent
agencies. However, lower offices could also be authorized to enter data: in
Federal Funds for R&D nomenclature, agency-level offices could authorize program
offices, program offices could authorize field offices, and field offices could
authorize branch offices. When these suboffices are included, there were 725
total respondents: 72 agencies, 95 program offices, 178 field offices, and 380
branch offices.

Since volume 66, each survey cycle collects information for 2 federal government
fiscal years: the fiscal year just completed (FY 2022—i.e., 1 October 2021
through 30 September 2022) and the current fiscal year during the start of the
survey collection period (i.e., FY 2023). FY 2022 data are completed
transactions. FY 2023 data are estimates of congressional appropriation actions
and apportionment and reprogramming decisions.

Data collection began on 10 May 2023, and the requested due date for data
submissions was 5 August 2023. Data collection was extended until all surveyed
agencies provided complete and final survey data in September 2023.

Mode. Federal Funds for R&D uses a Web-based data collection system. The
Web-based system consists of a data collection component that allows survey
respondents to enter their data online and a monitoring component that allows
the data collection contractor to monitor support requests, data entry, and data
issues. The Web-based system’s two components are password protected so that
only authorized respondents and staff can access them. However, some agencies
submit their data in alternative formats such as Excel files, which are later
imported into the Web-based system. All edit and trend checks are accomplished
through the Web-based system. Final submission occurs through the Web-based
system after all edit failures and trend checks have been resolved.

Response rate. The unit response rate is 100%.

Data checking. Data errors in Federal Funds for R&D are flagged automatically by
the Web-based data collection system: respondents cannot submit their final data
to NCSES until all required fields have been completed without errors. Once data
are submitted, specially written SAS programs are run to check each agency’s
submission to identify possible discrepancies, to ensure data from all
suboffices are included correctly, and to check that there were no inadvertent
shifts in reporting from one year to the next. As always, respondents are
contacted to resolve potential reporting errors that cannot be reconciled by the
narratives. Explanations of questionable data are noted by the survey
respondents for NCSES review.

Imputation. None.

Weighting. None.

Variance estimation. Not applicable.

SURVEY QUALITY MEASURES

Sampling error. Not applicable.

Coverage error. Given the existence of a complete list of all eligible agencies,
there is no known coverage error. The CIA is purposely excluded.

Nonresponse error. There is no unit nonresponse. To increase item response,
agencies are encouraged to estimate when actual data are unavailable. The survey
instrument allows respondents to enter data or skip data fields; however, blank
fields are not accepted for survey submission, and respondents must either
populate the fields with data or with $0 if the question is not applicable.
There are several possible sources of nonresponse error by respondents,
including inadvertently skipping data fields, skipping data fields when data are
unavailable, or entering $0 when specific data are unavailable.

Measurement error. Some measurement problems are known to exist in the Federal
Funds of R&D data. Some agencies cannot report the full costs of R&D, the final
performer of R&D, or R&D plant data.

For example, the Department of Defense (DOD) does not include headquarters’
costs of planning and administering R&D programs, which are estimated at a
fraction of 1% of its total cost. DOD has stated that identification of amounts
at this level is impracticable.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) currently has many of its awards in its financial system without
any field of R&D code. Therefore, NIH uses an alternate source to estimate its
research dollars by field of R&D. NIH uses scientific class codes (based upon
history of grant, content of the title, and the name of the awarding institute
or center) as an approximation for field of R&D.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) does not include any
field of R&D codes in its financial database. Consequently, NASA must estimate
what percentage of the agency’s research dollars are allocated into the fields
of R&D.

Agencies are asked to report the ultimate performer of R&D. However, through
past workshops, NCSES has learned that some agencies do not always track their
R&D dollars to the ultimate performer of R&D. In the case of transfers to other
federal agencies, the originating agency often does not have information on the
final disposition of funding made by the receiving agency. Therefore,
intragovernmental transfers, which are classified as federal intramural funding,
may have some degree of extramural performance. This leads to some degree of
misclassification of performers of R&D, but NCSES has not determined the extent
of the errors in performer misclassification by the reporting agencies.

Differences in agency and NCSES classification of some performers will also lead
to some degree of measurement error. For example, although many university
research foundations are legally organized as nonprofit organizations and may be
classified as such within a reporting agency’s own system of record, NCSES
classifies these as component units of higher education. These classification
differences may contribute to differences in findings by the Federal Funds for
R&D and the Federal S&E Support Survey in federal agency obligations to both
higher education and nonprofit institutions.

R&D plant data are underreported to some extent because of the difficulty some
agencies, particularly DOD and NASA, encounter in identifying and reporting
these data. DOD’s respondents report obligations for R&D plant that are funded
under the agency’s appropriation for construction, but they are able to identify
only a small portion of the R&D plant support that is within R&D contracts
funded from DOD’s appropriation for research, development, testing, and
evaluation (RDT&E). Similarly, NASA respondents cannot separately identify the
portions of industrial R&D contracts that apply to R&D plant because these data
are subsumed in the R&D data covering industrial performance. NASA R&D plant
data for other performing sectors are reported separately.

DATA COMPARABILITY (CHANGES)

Data revisions. When completing the current year’s survey, agencies naturally
revise their estimates for the last year of the previous report—in this case, FY
2022. Sometimes, survey submissions also reflect reappraisals and revisions in
classification of various aspects of agencies’ R&D programs; in those instances,
NCSES requests that agencies provide revised prior year data to maintain
consistency and comparability with the most recent R&D concepts.

For trend comparisons, use the historical data from only the most recent
publication, which incorporates changes agencies have made in prior year data to
reflect program reclassifications or other corrections. Do not use data
published earlier.

Changes in survey coverage and population. This cycle (volume 72, FYs 2022–23),
one department, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), became the agency
respondent instead of continuing to delegate that role to its bureaus; one
agency was added as a respondent—the Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s)
Natural Resources Conservation Service; one agency, the Department of
Transportation’s Maritime Administration, resumed reporting; and two agencies,
the Department of Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the independent
agency the Federal Communications Commission, ceased to report.

Changes in questionnaire.

 * No changes were made to the questionnaire for volume 72.
 * The survey was redesigned for volume 71 (FYs 2021–22). The Federal S&E
   Support Survey was integrated as the final two questions in the Federal Funds
   for R&D questionnaire. (NCSES will continue to publish these data separately
   at https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/federal-support-survey/.)
 * Four other new questions were added to the standard and DOD versions of the
   questionnaire; the questions covered, for the fiscal year just completed (FY
   2021), R&D deobligations (Standard and DOD Question 4), nonfederal R&D
   obligations by type of agreement (Standard Question 10 and DOD Question 11),
   R&D obligations provided to other federal agencies (Standard Question 11 and
   DOD Question 12), and R&D and R&D plant obligations to university affiliated
   research centers (Standard Question 17 and DOD Question 19). One new question
   added solely to the DOD questionnaire (DOD Question 6) was about obligations
   for Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer
   for the fiscal year just completed and the current fiscal year at the time of
   collection (i.e., FYs 2021 and 2022). Many of the other survey questions were
   reorganized and revised.
 * For volume 71, some changes were made within the questions for consistency
   with other NCSES surveys. Among the performer categories, federally funded
   R&D centers (FFRDCs), which in previous volumes were included among the
   extramural performers, became one of the intramural performers. Other changes
   include retitling of certain performer categories, where “industry” was
   changed to “businesses” and “universities and colleges” was changed to
   “higher education.”
 * For volume 71, “field of R&D” was used instead of the former “field of
   science and engineering.” The survey started collecting field of R&D
   information for experimental development obligations; previously, field of
   R&D information was collected only for research obligations.
 * For volume 71, federal obligations for research performed at higher education
   institutions, by detailed field of R&D was asked of all agencies. Previously
   these data had only been collected from the Departments of Agriculture,
   Defense, Energy, HHS, and Homeland Security; NASA; and NSF. 
 * For volume 71, geographic distribution of R&D obligations was asked of all
   agencies. Previously, these data had only been collected from the Departments
   of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, HHS, Homeland Security; NASA; and
   NSF. Agencies are asked to provide the principal location (state or outlying
   area) of the work performed by the primary contractor, grantee, or intramural
   organization; assign the obligations to the location of the headquarters of
   the U.S. primary contractor, grantee, or intramural organization; or, for DOD
   agencies, list the funds as undistributed for classified funds.
 * For volume 71, collection of data on funding type (stimulus and non-stimulus)
   was limited to Question 5 on type of R&D.
 * For volume 71, grants and contracts for extramural R&D performers and
   obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers were added.
 * For volume 70 (FYs 2020–21), agencies were requested to report COVID-19
   pandemic-related R&D from the agency’s initial appropriations, as well as
   from any stimulus funds received from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and
   Economic Security (CARES) Act, plus any other pandemic-related supplemental
   appropriations. Two tables in the questionnaire were modified to collect the
   stimulus and non-stimulus amounts separately (tables 1 and 2), and seven
   tables in the questionnaire (tables 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, and
   13.1) were added for respondents to specify stimulus and non-stimulus funding
   by various categories. The data on stimulus funding is reported in volume
   70’s data table 132. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development
   Authority accounted for 66% of all COVID-19 R&D in FY 2020; these obligations
   primarily include transfers to the other agencies to help facilitate
   execution of contractual awards under Operation Warp Speed.
 * For volume 70 (FYs 2020–21), the optional narrative tables that ask for
   comparisons of the R&D obligations reported in Federal Funds for R&D with
   corresponding amounts in the Federal S&E Support Survey (standard
   questionnaire only) were renumbered from tables 6B and 6C to tables 6A and
   6B.
 * In volumes 68 (FYs 2018–19) and 69 (FYs 2019–20), table 6A, which collected
   information on federal intramural R&D obligations, was deactivated, and
   agencies were instructed not to complete it.
 * For volumes 66 (FYs 2016–17) and 67 (FYs 2017–18), table 6A (formerly table
   VI.A) was included, but it was modified so that it no longer collected
   laboratory names.
 * Starting with volume 66 (FYs 2016–17), the survey collects 2 federal
   government fiscal years—actual data for the fiscal year just completed and
   estimates for the current fiscal year. Previously, the survey also collected
   projected obligations for the next fiscal year based on the president’s
   budget request to Congress. For volume 66, data were collected for only 2
   fiscal years due to the delayed FY 2018 budget formulation process. However,
   after consultation with data users, NCSES determined that the projections
   were not as useful as the budget authority data presented in the budget
   request.
 * In volume 66, the survey table numbering was changed from Roman numerals I–XI
   and, for selected agencies, the letters A–E, to Arabic numerals 1–16. The
   order of tables remained the same.
 * In the volume 66 DOD-version of the questionnaire, the definition of major
   systems development was changed to represent DOD Budget Activities 4 through
   6 instead of Budget Activities 4 through 7, and questions relating to funding
   for Operational Systems Development (Budget Activity 7) were added to the
   instrument. The survey’s narrative tables 6 and 11 were removed from the
   DOD-version of the questionnaire.
 * For volume 65 (FYs 2015–17), the survey reintroduced table VI.A to collect
   information on federal intramural R&D obligations, including the names and
   addresses of all federal laboratories that received federal intramural R&D
   obligations. The table was included in both the standard and DOD
   questionnaires.
 * For volume 62 (FYs 2012–14), the survey added table VI.A to the standard
   questionnaire for that volume only to collect information on FY 2012 federal
   intramural R&D obligations, including the names and addresses of all federal
   laboratories that received federal intramural R&D obligations.
 * In volumes 59 (FYs 2009–11) and 60 (FYs 2010–12), questions relating to
   funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) were
   added to the data collection instruments. The survey collected separate
   outlays and obligations for ARRA and non-ARRA sources of funding, by
   performer and geography for FYs 2009 and 2010.
 * Starting with volume 59 (FYs 2009–11), federal funding data were requested in
   actual dollars (instead of rounded in thousands, as was done through volume
   58).

Changes in reporting procedures or classification.

 * FY 2022. During the volume 72 cycle (FYs 2022–23), NASA revised its FY 2021
   data by field of R&D and performer categories based on improved
   classification procedures developed during the volume 72 reporting period.
 * FY 2021. During the volume 71 cycle (FYs 2021–22), NCSES decided to remove
   “U.S.” from names like “U.S. Space Force” to conform with other surveys. For
   Federal Funds for R&D, this change will first appear in the detailed
   statistical tables.
 * FY 2020. For volume 70 (FYs 2020 and 2021), data include obligations from
   supplemental COVID-19 pandemic-related appropriations (e.g., CARES Act) plus
   any other pandemic-related supplemental appropriations.
 * FY 2020. The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Naval Reactor Program
   reclassified some of its R&D obligations from industry-administered FFRDCs to
   the industry sector.
 * FY 2020. The Department of the Air Force (AF) and the DOE’s Energy Efficiency
   and Renewable Energy (EERE) partially revised their FY 2019 data. AF revised
   its operational system development classified program numbers for businesses
   excluding business or industry-administered FFRDCs, and EERE revised its
   outlay numbers.
 * FY 2019. For volume 69 (FYs 2019–20), FY 2020 preliminary data do not include
   obligations from supplemental COVID-19 pandemic-related appropriations (e.g.,
   CARES Act).
 * FY 2019. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority began
   reporting. For volume 69 (FYs 2019–20), it could not submit any geographical
   data, so its data were reported as undistributed on the state tables.
 * FY 2019. The U.S. Agency for Global Media (formerly the Broadcasting Board of
   Governors), which did not report data between FY 2008 and FY 2018, resumed
   reporting.
 * FY 2018. The HHS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) funding was reported
   by the CMS Office of Financial Management at an agency-wide level instead of
   by the CMS Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation and its R&D group, the
   Office of Research, Development, and Information, which used to report at a
   component level.
 * FY 2018. The Department of State added the Global Health Programs R&D
   funding.
 * FY 2018. The Department of Veterans Affairs added funds for the Medical
   Services support to the existing R&D funding to fully report the total cost
   of intramural R&D. Although the Medical Services do not directly fund
   specific R&D activities, they host intramural research programs that were not
   previously reported.
 * FY 2018. DHS’s Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) Office was
   established on 7 December 2017. CWMD consolidated primarily the Domestic
   Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) and a majority of the Office of Health
   Affairs, as well as other DHS elements. Prior to FY 2018, data reported for
   the CWMD would have been under the DNDO.
 * FY 2018. DOE revised its FYs 2016 and 2017 data after discovering its Office
   of Fossil Energy reported “in thousands” instead of actual dollars for
   volumes 66 (FYs 2016–17) and 67 (FYs 2017–18).
 * FY 2018. USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) partially revised its FYs
   2009 and 2010 data during the volume 61 (FYs 2011–13) cycle. NCSES discovered
   a discrepancy that was corrected during the volume 68 cycle, completing the
   revision.
 * FY 2018. DHS’s Transportation Security Administration, which did not report
   data between FY 2010 and FY 2017, resumed reporting for volume 68 (FYs
   2018–19).
 * FY 2018. DHS’s U.S. Secret Service, which did not report data between FY 2009
   and FY 2017, resumed reporting for volume 68 (FYs 2018–19).
 * FY 2018. NCSES discovered that in some past volumes, the obligations reported
   for basic research in certain foreign countries were greater than the
   corresponding obligations reported for R&D; the following data were corrected
   as a result: DOD and Chemical and Biological Defense FY 2003 data, defense
   agencies and activities FY 2003 and FY 2011 data, AF FY 2009 data, and
   Department of the Navy FY 2005, FY 2011, and FY 2013 data; DOE and Office of
   Science FY 2009 data; HHS and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   (CDC) FY 2008 and FY 2017 data; and NSF FY 2001 data. NCSES also discovered
   that some obligations reported for academic performers were greater than the
   corresponding obligations reported for total performers, and DOD and AF FY
   2009 data, DOE and Fossil Energy FY 1999 data, and NASA FY 2008 data were
   corrected. Finally, NCSES discovered a problem with FY 2017 HHS CDC personnel
   costs data, which were then also corrected.
 * FY 2017. The Department of the Treasury’s IRS performed a detailed evaluation
   and assessment of its programs and determined that none of its functions can
   be defined as R&D activity as defined in Office of Management and Budget
   (OMB) Circular A-11. The review included discussions with program owners and
   relevant contractors who perform work on behalf of the IRS. The IRS also
   provided a negative response to the OMB data call on R&D under Circular A-11
   for the same reference period (FYs 2017–18). Despite no longer having any R&D
   obligations, the IRS still sponsors an FFRDC, the Center for Enterprise
   Modernization.
 * FY 2017. NASA estimated that the revised OMB definition for "experimental
   development" reduced its reported R&D total by about $2.7 billion in FY 2017
   and $2.9 billion in FY 2018 from what would have been reported under the
   previous definition prior to volume 66 (FYs 2016–17).
 * FY 2017. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (PCORTF) was
   established by Congress through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
   Act of 2010, signed by the president on 23 March 2010. PCORTF began reporting
   for volume 67 (FYs 2017–18), but it also submitted data for FYs 2011–16.
 * FY 2017. The Tennessee Valley Authority, which did not report data between FY
   1999 and FY 2016, resumed reporting for volume 67 (FYs 2017–18).
 * FY 2017. The U.S. Postal Service, which did not report data between FY 1999
   and FY 2016, resumed reporting for volume 67 (FYs 2017–18) and submitted data
   for FYs 2015–16.
 * FY 2017. During the volume 67 (FYs 2017–18) data collection, DHS’s Science
   and Technology Directorate revised its FY 2016 data.
 * FY 2016. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts began reporting as of
   volume 66 (FYs 2016–17).
 * Beginning with FY 2016, the totals reported for development obligations and
   outlays represent a refinement to this category by more narrowly defining it
   to be “experimental development.” Most notably, totals for development do not
   include the DOD Budget Activity 7 (Operational System Development)
   obligations and outlays. Those funds, previously included in DOD’s
   development totals, support the development efforts to upgrade systems that
   have been fielded or have received approval for full rate production and
   anticipate production funding in the current or subsequent fiscal year.
   Therefore, the data are not directly comparable with totals reported in
   previous years.
 * Prior to the volume 66 launch, the definitions of basic research, applied
   research, experimental development, R&D, and R&D plant were revised to match
   the definitions used by OMB in the July 2016 version of Circular A-11,
   Section 84 (Schedule C).
 * FYs 2016–17. Before the volume 66 survey cycle, NSF updated the list of
   foreign performers in Federal Funds R&D to match the list of countries and
   territories in the Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research
   fact sheet of Independent States in the World and fact sheet of Dependencies
   and Areas of Special Sovereignty. Country lists in volume 66 data tables and
   later may differ from those in previous reports.
 * FY 2015. The HHS Administration for Community Living (ACL) began reporting in
   FY 2015, replacing the Administration on Aging, which was transferred to ACL
   when ACL was established on 18 April 2012. Several programs that serve older
   adults and people with disabilities were transferred from other agencies to
   ACL, including a number of programs from the Department of Education due to
   the 2014 Workforce Innovation and Opportunities Act.
 * FY 2015. The Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Land Management and U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service, which did not report data between FY 1999 and FY
   2014, resumed reporting.
 * In January 2014, all Research and Innovative Technology Administration
   programs were transferred into the Office of the Assistant Secretary for
   Research and Technology in the Office of the Secretary of Transportation.
 * FY 2014. DHS’s Domestic Nuclear Detection Office began reporting for FY 2014.
 * FY 2014. The Department of State data for FY 2014 were excluded due to their
   poor quality.
 * FY 2013. NASA revamped its reporting process so that the data for FY 2012
   forward are not directly comparable with totals reported in previous years.
 * FY 2012. NASA began reporting International Space Station (ISS) obligations
   as research rather than R&D plant.
 * Starting with volume 62 (FYs 2012–14), an “undistributed” category was added
   to the geographic location tables for DOD obligations for which the location
   of performance is not reported. It includes DOD obligations for industry R&D
   that were included in individual state totals prior to FY 2012 and DOD
   obligations for other performers that were not reported prior to FY 2011.
   This change was applied retroactively to FY 2011 data.
 * Starting with volume 61 (FYs 2011–13), DOD subagencies other than the Defense
   Advanced Research Projects Agency were reported as an aggregate total under
   other defense agencies to enable complete reporting of DOD R&D (both
   unclassified and classified). Consequently, DOD began reporting additional
   classified R&D not previously reported by its subagencies.
 * FY 2011. USDA’s ERS partially revised its data for FYs 2009 and 2010 during
   the volume 61 (FYs 2011–13) cycle.
 * FY 2010. NASA resumed reporting ISS obligations as R&D plant.
 * FYs 2000–09. Beginning in FY 2000, AF did not report Budget Activity 6.7
   Operational Systems Development data because the agency misunderstood the
   reporting requirements. During the volume 57 data collection cycle, AF edited
   prior year data for FYs 2000–07 to include Budget Activity 6.7 Operational
   Systems Development data. These data revisions were derived from FY 2007
   distribution percentages that were then applied backward to revise data for
   FYs 2000–06.
 * FYs 2006–07. NASA’s R&D obligations decreased by $1 billion. Of this amount,
   $850 million was accounted for by obligations for operational projects that
   NASA excluded in FY 2007 but reported in FY 2006. The remainder was from an
   overall decrease in obligations between FYs 2006 and 2007.
 * FY 2006. NASA reclassified funding for the following items as operational
   costs: Space Operations, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Stratospheric
   Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, and the James Webb Space Telescope. This
   funding was previously reported as R&D plant.
 * FYs 2005–07. Before the volume 55 survey cycle, NSF updated the list of
   foreign performers in Federal Funds R&D to match the list of countries and
   territories in the Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research
   fact sheet of Independent States in the World and fact sheet of Dependencies
   and Areas of Special Sovereignty. Area and country lists in volume 55 data
   tables and later may differ from those in previous reports.
 * FYs 2004–06. NASA implemented a full-cost budget approach, which includes all
   of the direct and indirect costs for procurement, personnel, travel, and
   other infrastructure-related expenses relative to a particular program and
   project. NASA’s data for FY 2004 and later years may not be directly
   comparable with its data for FY 2003 and earlier years.
 * FY 2004. NIH revised its financial database; beginning with FY 2004, NIH
   records no longer contain information on the field of S&E. Data for FY 2004
   and later years are not directly comparable with data for FY 2003 and earlier
   years.
 * Data for FYs 2003–06 from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
   Administration (SAMHSA) are estimates based on SAMHSA's obligations by
   program activity budget and previously reported funding for development.
 * FY 2003. SAMHSA reclassified some of its funding categories as non-R&D that
   had been considered to be R&D in prior years.
 * On 25 November 2002, the president signed the Homeland Security Act of 2002,
   establishing DHS. DHS includes the R&D activities previously reported by the
   Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Science and Technology Directorate,
   the Transportation Security Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the
   U.S. Secret Service.
 * FY 2000. NASA reclassified the ISS as a physical asset, reclassified ISS
   Research as equipment, and transferred funding for the program from R&D to
   R&D plant.
 * FY 2000. NIH reclassified as research the activities that it had previously
   classified as development. NIH data for FY 2000 forward reflect this change.
   For more information on the classification changes at NASA and NIH, refer to
   Classification Revisions Reduce Reported Federal Development Obligations
   (InfoBrief NSF 02-309), February 2002, available at
   https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf02309.
 * FYs 1996–98. The lines on the survey instrument for the special foreign
   currency program and for detailed field of S&E were eliminated beginning with
   the volume 46 survey cycle. Two tables depicting data on foreign performers
   by region, country, and agency that were removed before publication of volume
   43 were reinstated with volume 46.
 * FYs 1994–96. During the volume 44 survey cycle, the Director for Defense
   Research and Engineering (DDR&E) at DOD requested that NSF further clarify
   the true character of DOD’s R&D program, particularly as it compares with
   other federal agencies, by adding more detail to development obligations
   reported by DOD respondents. Specifically, DOD requested that NSF allow DOD
   agencies to report development obligations in two separate categories:
   advanced technology development and major systems development.
   
   An excerpt from a letter written by Robert V. Tuohy, Chief, Program Analysis
   and Integration at DDR&E, to John E. Jankowski, Program Director, Research
   and Development Statistics Program, Division of Science Resources Statistics,
   NSF, explains the reasoning behind the DDR&E request:
   
   “The DOD’s R&D program is divided into two major pieces, Science and
   Technology (S&T) and Major Systems Development. The other federal agencies’
   entire R&D programs are equivalent in nature to DOD’s S&T program, with the
   exception of the Department of Energy and possibly NASA. Comparing those
   other agency programs to DOD’s program, including the development of weapons
   systems such as F-22 Fighter and the New Attack Submarine, is misleading.”
 * FYs 1990–92. Since volume 40, DOD has reported research obligations and
   development obligations separately. Tables reporting obligations for
   research, by state and performer, and obligations for development, by state
   and performer, were specifically created for DOD. Circumstances specific to
   DOD are (1) DOD funds the preponderance of federal development and (2) DOD
   development funded at institutions of higher education is typically performed
   at university-affiliated nonacademic laboratories, which are separate from
   universities’ academic departments, where university research is typically
   performed.

DEFINITIONS

Agency and subdivision. An agency is an organization of the federal government
whose principal executive officer reports to the president. The Library of
Congress and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts are also included in
the survey, even though the chief officer of the Library of Congress reports to
Congress and the U.S. Courts are part of the judicial branch. Subdivision refers
to any organizational unit of a reporting agency, such as a bureau, division,
office, or service.

Development. See R&D and R&D plant.

Fields of R&D (formerly fields of science and engineering). A list of the 41
fields of R&D reported on can be found on the survey questionnaire. In the data
tables, the fields are grouped into 9 major areas: computer and information
sciences; geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences; life sciences;
mathematics and statistics; physical sciences; psychology; social sciences;
engineering; and other fields. Table A-3 provides a crosswalk of the fields of
science and engineering used in volume 70 and earlier surveys to the revised
fields of R&D collected under volume 71.

Federal obligations for research performed at higher education institutions, by
detailed field of R&D. As of volume 71, all respondents were required to report
these obligations. Previously, this information was reported by seven agencies
(the Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, and
Homeland Security; NASA; and NSF).

Geographic distribution of R&D obligations. As of volume 71, all respondents
were required to respond to this portion of the survey. Previously, the 11
largest R&D funding agencies responded to this portion (the Departments of
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland
Security, the Interior, and Transportation; the Environmental Protection Agency;
NASA; and NSF). Respondents are asked to provide the principal location (state
or outlying area) of the work performed by the primary contractor, grantee, or
intramural organization, assign the obligations to the location of the
headquarters of the U.S. primary contractor, grantee, or intramural
organization, or list the funds as undistributed.

Obligations and outlays. Obligations represent the amounts for orders placed,
contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during a given
period, regardless of when funds were appropriated and when future payment of
money is required. Outlays represent the amounts for checks issued and cash
payments made during a given period, regardless of when funds were appropriated.

Performer. A group or organization carrying out an operational function or an
extramural organization or a person receiving support or providing services
under a contract or grant.

 * Intramural performers are agencies of the federal government, including
   federal employees who work on R&D both onsite and offsite and, as of volume
   71, FFRDCs.
    * Federal. The work of agencies of the federal government is carried out
      directly by agency personnel. Obligations reported under this category are
      for activities performed or to be performed by the reporting agency itself
      or are for funds that the agency transfers to another federal agency for
      performance of R&D (intragovernmental transfers). Although the receiving
      agency may obligate these funds to extramural performers (businesses,
      universities and colleges, other nonprofit institutions, FFRDCs,
      nonfederal government, and foreign) they are reported as part of the
      federal sector by the originating agency.
      
      Federal activities cover not only actual intramural R&D performance but
      also the costs associated with administration of intramural R&D programs
      and extramural R&D procurements by federal personnel. Intramural
      activities also include the costs of supplies and off-the-shelf equipment
      (equipment that has gone beyond the development or prototype stage)
      procured for use in intramural R&D. For example, an operational launch
      vehicle purchased from an extramural source by NASA and used for
      intramural performance of R&D is reported as a part of the cost of
      intramural R&D.
    * Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs)—R&D-performing
      organizations that are exclusively or substantially financed by the
      federal government and are supported by the federal government either to
      meet a particular R&D objective or in some instances to provide major
      facilities at universities for research and associated training purposes.
      Each center is administered by an industrial firm, a university, or
      another nonprofit institution (see
      https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ffrdclist/ for the Master Government List
      of FFRDCs maintained by NSF).

 * Extramural performers are organizations outside the federal sector that
   perform R&D with federal funds under contract, grant, or cooperative
   agreement. Only costs associated with actual R&D performance are reported.
   Types of extramural performers:
    * Businesses (previously “Industry or industrial firms”)—Organizations that
      may legally distribute net earnings to individuals or to other
      organizations.
    * Higher education institutions (previously “Universities and
      colleges”)—Institutions of higher education in the United States that
      engage primarily in providing resident or accredited instruction for a not
      less than a 2-year program above the secondary school level that is
      acceptable for full credit toward a bachelor’s degree or that provide not
      less than a 1-year program of training above the secondary school level
      that prepares students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation.
      Included are colleges of liberal arts; schools of arts and sciences;
      professional schools, as in engineering and medicine, including affiliated
      hospitals and associated research institutes; and agricultural experiment
      stations. Other examples of universities and colleges include community
      colleges, 4-year colleges, universities, and freestanding professional
      schools (medical schools, law schools, etc.).
    * Other nonprofit institutions—Private organizations other than educational
      institutions whose net earnings do not benefit either private stockholders
      or individuals and other private organizations organized for the exclusive
      purpose of turning over their entire net earnings to such nonprofit
      organizations. Examples of nonprofit institutions include foundations,
      trade associations, charities, and research organizations.
    * State and local governments—State and local government agencies, excluding
      state or local universities and colleges, agricultural experiment
      stations, medical schools, and affiliated hospitals. (Federal R&D funds
      obligated directly to such state and local institutions are excluded in
      this category. However, they are included under the universities and
      colleges category in this report.) R&D activities under the state and
      local governments category are performed either by the state or local
      agencies themselves or by other organizations under grants or contracts
      from such agencies. Regardless of the ultimate performer, federal R&D
      funds directed to state and local governments are reported only under this
      sector.
    * Non-U.S. performers (previously “Foreign performers”)—Other nations’
      citizens, organizations, universities and colleges, governments, as well
      as international organizations located outside the United States, that
      perform R&D. In most cases, foreigners performing R&D in the United States
      are not reported here. Excluded from this category are U.S. agencies, U.S.
      organizations, or U.S. citizens performing R&D abroad for the federal
      government. Examples of foreign performers include the North Atlantic
      Treaty Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
      Cultural Organization, and the World Health Organization. An exception in
      the past was made in the case of U.S. citizens performing R&D abroad under
      special foreign-currency funds; these activities were included under the
      foreign performers category but have not been collected since the
      mid-1990s.
    * Private individuals—When an R&D grant or contract is awarded directly to a
      private individual, obligations incurred are placed under the category
      businesses.

R&D and R&D plant. Amounts for R&D and R&D plant include all direct, incidental,
or related costs resulting from, or necessary to, performance of R&D and costs
of R&D plant as defined below, regardless of whether R&D is performed by a
federal agency (intramurally) or by private individuals and organizations under
grant or contract (extramurally). R&D excludes routine product testing, quality
control, mapping and surveys, collection of general-purpose statistics,
experimental production, and the training of scientific personnel.

 * Research is defined as systematic study directed toward fuller scientific
   knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. Research is classified as
   either basic or applied, according to the objectives of the sponsoring
   agency.
 * Basic research is defined as experimental or theoretical work undertaken
   primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena
   and observable facts. Basic research may include activities with broad or
   general applications in mind, such as the study of how plant genomes change,
   but should exclude research directed toward a specific application or
   requirement, such as the optimization of the genome of a specific crop
   species.
 * Applied research is defined as original investigation undertaken in order to
   acquire new knowledge. Applied research is, however, directed primarily
   toward a specific practical aim or objective.
 * Development, also known as experimental development, is defined as creative
   and systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical
   experience, which is directed at producing new products or processes or
   improving existing products or processes. Like research, experimental
   development will result in gaining additional knowledge.

For reporting experimental development activities, the following are included:

The production of materials, devices, and systems or methods, including the
design, construction, and testing of experimental prototypes.

Technology demonstrations, in cases where a system or component is being
demonstrated at scale for the first time, and it is realistic to expect
additional refinements to the design (feedback R&D) following the demonstration.
However, not all activities that are identified as “technology demonstrations”
are R&D.

However, experimental development excludes the following:

User demonstrations where the cost and benefits of a system are being validated
for a specific use case. This includes low-rate initial production activities.

Pre-production development, which is defined as non-experimental work on a
product or system before it goes into full production, including activities such
as tooling and development of production facilities.

To better differentiate between the part of the federal R&D budget that supports
science and key enabling technologies (including technologies for military and
nondefense applications) and the part that primarily supports testing and
evaluation (mostly of defense-related systems), NSF collects development dollars
from DOD in two categories: advanced technology development and major systems
development.

DOD uses RDT&E Budget Activities 1–7 to classify data into the survey
categories. Within DOD’s research categories, basic research is classified as
Budget Activity 1, and applied research is classified as Budget Activity 2.
Within DOD’s development categories, advanced technology development is
classified as Budget Activity 3. Starting in volume 66, major systems
development is classified as Budget Activities 4–6 instead of Budget Activities
4–7 and includes advanced component development and prototypes, system
development and demonstration, and RDT&E management support; data on Budget
Activity 7, operational systems development, is collected separately. (Note: As
a historical artifact from previous DOD budget authority terminology, funds for
Budget Activity categories 1 through 7 are sometimes referred to as 6.1 through
6.7 monies.)

 * Demonstration includes amounts for activities that are part of R&D (i.e.,
   that are intended to prove or to test whether a technology or method does in
   fact work). Demonstrations intended primarily to make information available
   about new technologies or methods are excluded.
 * R&D plant is defined as spending on both R&D facilities and major equipment
   as defined in OMB Circular A-11 Section 84 (Schedule C) and includes physical
   assets, such as land, structures, equipment, and intellectual property (e.g.,
   software or applications) that have an estimated useful life of 2 years or
   more. Reporting for R&D plant includes the purchase, construction,
   manufacture, rehabilitation, or major improvement of physical assets
   regardless of whether the assets are owned or operated by the federal
   government, states, municipalities, or private individuals. The cost of the
   asset includes both its purchase price and all other costs incurred to bring
   it to a form and location suitable for use.
 * For reporting construction of R&D facilities and major moveable R&D
   equipment, include the following:

Construction of facilities that are necessary for the execution of an R&D
program. This may include land, major fixed equipment, and supporting
infrastructure such as a sewer line, or housing at a remote location. Many
laboratory buildings will include a mixture of R&D facilities and office space.
The fraction of the building that is considered to be used for R&D may be
calculated based on the percentage of square footage that is used for R&D.

Acquisition, design, or production of major movable equipment, such as mass
spectrometers, research vessels, DNA sequencers, and other movable major
instrumentation for use in R&D activities.

Programs of $1 million or more that are devoted to the purchase or construction
of R&D major equipment.

Exclude the following:

Construction of other non-R&D facilities.

Minor equipment purchases, such as personal computers, standard microscopes, and
simple spectrometers (report these costs under total R&D, not R&D Plant).

Obligations for foreign R&D plant are limited to federal funds for facilities
that are located abroad and used in support of foreign R&D.


TECHNICAL TABLES

Download All Tables
 * All Formats (ZIP 633 KB)
 * Excel (ZIP 78 KB)
 * PDF (ZIP 554 KB)

ViewDownload
Agencies included in the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development:
Volumes 29–72
Table A-1

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Notes associated with agencies included in the Survey of Federal Funds for
Research and Development: Volumes 29–72
Table A-2

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Crosswalk for the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Volume
70 and volume 71
Table A-3

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, by volume number and
federal fiscal years surveyed
Table A-4

 * Excel
 * PDF

QUESTIONNAIRES

FYs 2023–24 Survey of Federal Funds for R&D Questionnaire (Standard)
PDF | 2.3 MB

FYs 2023–24 Survey of Federal Funds for R&D Questionnaire (DOD)
PDF | 2.6 MB

FYs 2022–23 Survey of Federal Funds for R&D Questionnaire (Standard)
PDF | 1.5 MB

FYs 2022–23 Survey of Federal Funds for R&D Questionnaire (DOD)
PDF | 1.5 MB

VIEW ARCHIVED QUESTIONNAIRES


DATA

 * Key Data Tables
   
 * Data Tables
   
    * Research, development, and R&D plant
      
    * Research and experimental development
      
    * Research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E)
      
    * Intramural obligations for research and experimental development and R&D
      Plant
      
    * Research obligations
      
    * Basic research obligations
      
    * Applied research obligations
      
    * Experimental development obligations
      
    * R&D plant
      
    * Obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers: FY 2022
      
    * Research obligations to higher education performers
      
    * Basic research obligations to higher education performers
      
    * Applied research obligations to higher education performers
      
    * Experimental development obligations to higher education performers
      
    * Foreign performer obligations, by region, country or economy, and agency
      
    * Geographic distribution of obligations
      
    * Geographic distribution of Department of Defense RDT&E obligations
      
    * Outlays, by agency
      
    * Obligations, by agency
      
    * Obligations, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
      
    * Obligations, by detailed field of science and engineering
      
    * Obligations, by state or location
      

 * General Notes
   
 * Acknowledgments and Suggested Citation
   
    * Acknowledgments
      
    * Suggested Citation
      

Product ID  NSF 24-321
  |  
Published  April 2024


KEY DATA TABLES

Recommended data tables

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND R&D PLANT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by type of R&D, and for R&D
plant: FYs 1951–2023
Table 1

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by agency and
type of R&D: FY 2022
Table 5

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by agency and
performer: FY 2022
Table 7

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 24

 * Excel
 * PDF

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by state or
location, agency, and performer: FY 2022
Table 61

 * Excel
 * PDF


DATA TABLES

Download All Tables
 * All Formats (ZIP 8.8 MB)
 * Excel (ZIP 1.1 MB)
 * PDF (ZIP 7.7 MB)

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND R&D PLANT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by type of R&D, and for R&D
plant: FYs 1951–2023
Table 1

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Summary of federal obligations and outlays for research, experimental
development, and R&D plant, by type of R&D, performer, and field of R&D: FYs
2021–23
Table 2

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations and outlays for research, experimental development, and R&D
plant, by agency: FYs 2022–23
Table 3

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations and outlays for research and experimental development, by
agency: FYs 2022–23
Table 4

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by agency and
type of R&D: FY 2022
Table 5

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for research and experimental development, by
agency and type of R&D: FY 2023
Table 6

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by agency and
performer: FY 2022
Table 7

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for research and experimental development, by
agency and performer: FY 2023
Table 8

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for extramural R&D and R&D plant, by type of agreement and
agency: FY 2022
Table 9

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION (RDT&E)

ViewDownload
Department of Defense obligations for research, development, test, and
evaluation, by agency and performer: FY 2022
Table 10

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary Department of Defense obligations for research, development, test,
and evaluation, by agency and performer: FY 2023
Table 11

 * Excel
 * PDF

INTRAMURAL OBLIGATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND R&D PLANT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for federal agency performance of R&D, by agency, type of
R&D, and R&D plant: FY 2022
Table 12

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal agency obligations for interagency fund transfers for R&D: FY 2022
Table 13

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal agency obligations for interagency fund transfers for R&D plant: FY 2022
Table 14

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development and for R&D plant
to federally funded research and development centers, by agency and type of
administrator: FY 2022
Table 15

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development to federally
funded research and development centers, by FFRDC and agency: FY 2022
Table 16

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant to federally funded research and development
centers, by FFRDC and agency: FY 2022
Table 17

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations to federally funded research and development centers, by
sponsoring agency, type of R&D, and R&D plant: FY 2022
Table 18

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development to federally
funded research and development centers, by sponsoring agency and funding
agency: FY 2022
Table 19

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant to federally funded research and development
centers, by sponsoring agency and funding agency: FY 2022
Table 20

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by agency and performer: FY 2022
Table 21

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for research, by agency and performer: FY 2023
Table 22

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2022–23
Table 23

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 24

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for research, by agency and field of R&D: FY
2023
Table 25

 * Excel
 * PDF

BASIC RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by agency and performer: FY 2022
Table 26

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for basic research, by agency and performer: FY
2023
Table 27

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2022–23
Table 28

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 29

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for basic research, by agency and field of R&D:
FY 2023
Table 30

 * Excel
 * PDF

APPLIED RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by agency and performer: FY 2022
Table 31

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for applied research, by agency and performer:
FY 2023
Table 32

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2022–23
Table 33

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 34

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for applied research, by agency and field of
R&D: FY 2023
Table 35

 * Excel
 * PDF

EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for experimental development, by agency and performer: FY
2022
Table 36

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for experimental development, by agency and
performer: FY 2023
Table 37

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for experimental development, by detailed field of R&D: FYs
2022–23
Table 38

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for experimental development, by agency and field of R&D: FY
2022
Table 39

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for experimental development, by agency and
field of R&D: FY 2023
Table 40

 * Excel
 * PDF

R&D PLANT

ViewDownload
Federal obligations and outlays for R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2022–23
Table 41

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by agency and performer: FY 2022
Table 42

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Preliminary federal obligations for R&D plant, by agency and performer: FY 2023
Table 43

 * Excel
 * PDF

OBLIGATIONS TO UNIVERSITY AFFILIATED RESEARCH CENTERS: FY 2022

ViewDownload
Federal obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers, by type of R&D
and R&D plant: FY 2022
Table 44

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers for research and
experimental development, by agency: FY 2022
Table 45

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations to University Affiliated Research Centers for R&D plant: FY
2022
Table 46

 * Excel
 * PDF

RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION PERFORMERS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research performed at higher education institutions, by
detailed field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 47

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research performed at higher education institutions, by
agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 48

 * Excel
 * PDF

BASIC RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION PERFORMERS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research performed at higher education
institutions, by detailed field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 49

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research performed at higher education
institutions, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 50

 * Excel
 * PDF

APPLIED RESEARCH OBLIGATIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION PERFORMERS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research performed at higher education
institutions, by detailed field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 51

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research performed at higher education
institutions, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 52

 * Excel
 * PDF

EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OBLIGATIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION PERFORMERS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for experimental development performed at higher education
institutions, by detailed field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 53

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for experimental development performed at higher education
institutions, by agency and field of R&D: FY 2022
Table 54

 * Excel
 * PDF

FOREIGN PERFORMER OBLIGATIONS, BY REGION, COUNTRY OR ECONOMY, AND AGENCY

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development to non-U.S.
performers, by region, country, or economy, and agency: FY 2022
Table 55

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant to non-U.S. performers, by region, country, or
economy, and agency: FY 2022
Table 56

 * Excel
 * PDF

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development and for R&D plant,
by state or location: FY 2022
Table 57

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by state or
location and performer: FY 2022
Table 58

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by state or location and performer: FY 2022
Table 59

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by state or
location and agency: FY 2022
Table 60

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and experimental development, by state or
location, agency, and performer: FY 2022
Table 61

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by state or location and agency: FY 2022
Table 62

 * Excel
 * PDF

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE RDT&E OBLIGATIONS

ViewDownload
Department of Defense obligations for research, development, test, and
evaluation, by state or location, agency, and performer: FY 2022
Table 63

 * Excel
 * PDF

OUTLAYS, BY AGENCY

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for research, development, and R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 64

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for research, development, and R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 65

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for research and development, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 66

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for research and development, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 67

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 68

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal outlays for R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 69

 * Excel
 * PDF

OBLIGATIONS, BY AGENCY

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by agency: FYs
2003–13
Table 70

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by agency: FYs
2014–23
Table 71

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 72

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 73

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 74

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 75

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 76

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 77

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 78

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 79

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 80

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 81

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for development, by agency: FYs 2003–13
Table 82

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for development, by agency: FYs 2014–23
Table 83

 * Excel
 * PDF

OBLIGATIONS, BY PERFORMER: FYS 1967–2023

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 84

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 85

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 86

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 87

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for development, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 88

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by performer: FYs 1967–2023
Table 89

 * Excel
 * PDF

OBLIGATIONS, BY DETAILED FIELD OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by detailed field of science and engineering:
FYs 2003–13
Table 90

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2014–23
Table 91

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by detailed field of science and
engineering: FYs 2003–13
Table 92

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for basic research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2014–23
Table 93

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by detailed field of science and
engineering: FYs 2003–13
Table 94

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for applied research, by detailed field of R&D: FYs 2014–23
Table 95

 * Excel
 * PDF

OBLIGATIONS, BY STATE OR LOCATION

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development for selected agencies, by state
or location: FYs 2003–13
Table 96

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for research and development, by state or location: FYs
2014–22
Table 97

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant for selected agencies, by state or location:
FYs 2003–13
Table 98

 * Excel
 * PDF

ViewDownload
Federal obligations for R&D plant, by state or location: FYs 2014–22
Table 99

 * Excel
 * PDF

 


GENERAL NOTES

These tables present the results of volume 72 (FYs 2022–23) of the Survey of
Federal Funds for Research and Development. This annual census, completed by the
federal agencies that conduct research and development (R&D) programs, is the
primary source of information about federal funding for R&D in the United
States. Actual data are collected for the fiscal year just completed; estimates
are obtained for the current fiscal year.

 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND SUGGESTED CITATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Christopher V. Pece of the National Center for Science and Engineering
Statistics (NCSES) developed and coordinated this report under the guidance of
Amber Levanon Seligson, NCSES Program Director, and the leadership of Emilda B.
Rivers, NCSES Director; Christina Freyman NCSES Deputy Director; and John
Finamore, NCSES Chief Statistician. Gary Anderson and Jock Black (NCSES)
reviewed the report.

Under contract to NCSES, Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. conducted the
survey and prepared the statistics for this report. Synectics staff members who
made significant contributions include LaVonda Scott, Elizabeth Walter, Suresh
Kaja, Peter Ahn, and John Millen.

NCSES thanks the federal agency staff that provided information for this report.

SUGGESTED CITATION

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). 2024. Federal
Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 2022–23. NSF 24-321.
Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation. Available
at https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/federal-funds-research-development/2022-2023#data


ANALYSIS


FEATURED ANALYSIS

FEDERAL R&D OBLIGATIONS INCREASED 0.4% IN FY 2022; ESTIMATED TO DECLINE IN FY
2023

April 3, 2024
Product ID: NSF 24-322
View  Download
Analysis of Federal Funding for Research and Development in 2022: Basic Research
August 15, 2024
Federal Obligations for R&D Contracts Increase 1.8% in FY 2022; Obligations for
R&D Grants Increase 2.7%
July 1, 2024
Inflation-Adjusted Federal R&D Obligations Expected to Decline for Second Year
from FY 2021 High
May 20, 2024


RELATED CONTENT

Reference
Definitions of Research and Development
Find definitions of R&D from U.S. and international sources.
Reference
Master Government List of Federally Funded R&D Centers
View the most recent master government list of federally funded research and
development centers (FFRDCs).
Data Collection 
National Patterns of R&D Resources
Explore data on overall research and development (R&D) efforts in the United
States. This collection sources some statistics from the Survey of Federal Funds
for R&D, presented from a national R&D perspective.
Survey
Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and
Nonprofit Institutions
The Federal Science and Engineering (S&E) Support Survey provides detailed data
on federal S&E funding to individual academic and nonprofit institutions and may
be used to augment data collected by the Survey of Federal Funds for R&D.
Survey
Federal Facilities Research and Development Survey
The Federal Facilities Research and Development Survey collects data on R&D
performed by facilities owned and operated by the federal government and may be
used to supplement data collected by The Survey of Federal Funds for R&D.
Data Collection
Federal R&D Funding, by Budget Function
Federal R&D Funding, by Budget Function presents data on the federal budget
authority for R&D and R&D plant by agency and functional categories and may be
used to augment data collected by the Survey of Federal Funds for R&D.
Report
Science and Engineering Indicators
This biennial report to Congress provides a broad base of quantitative
information about U.S. science, engineering, and technology.
Data Profile
Science and Engineering State Profiles
Learn about state-level data on science and engineering personnel and finances,
R&D performance, and federal R&D obligations.


RELATED COLLECTIONS

Survey
Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and
Nonprofit Institutions The Federal S&E Support Survey is the only source of
comprehensive data on federal science and engineering funding to individual
academic and nonprofit institutions.
Data Collection
Federal R&D Funding, by Budget Function Explore data on the federal budget
authority for R&D and R&D plant by function.
Survey
Survey of State Government Research and Development The Survey of State
Government Research and Development (R&D) provides comprehensive, uniform
statistics regarding the extent of R&D activity performed and funded by
departments and agencies in each of the nation's 50 states, the District of
Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
Survey
FFRDC Research and Development Survey The FFRDC Research and Development Survey
is the primary source of information on separately accounted for R&D
expenditures at federally funded research and development centers in the United
States.
Survey
Federal Facilities Research and Development Survey The Federal Facilities
Research and Development Survey collects information on R&D performed by
facilities owned and operated by the federal government.
Data Collection
National Patterns of R&D Resources Discover research and development trends in
government, industry, higher education, and federal research centers.
Survey
Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) Survey The HERD Survey is the
primary source of information on research and development expenditures at U.S.
colleges and universities.
Survey
Annual Business Survey (ABS) The ABS is the primary source of information on
research and development among for-profit businesses operating in the United
States with one to nine employees. The ABS also collects data on innovation,
technology, intellectual property, and financing from U.S.-based companies of
all sizes.
Data Collection
Business and Industry R&D Review trends for research and development activities
of the U.S. business sector.
Survey
Nonprofit Research Activities (NPRA) Survey The NPRA Survey collects information
on research and experimental development performed by tax-exempt nonprofit
organizations in the United States.
Survey
Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) Survey The BERD Survey is
the primary source of information on research and development (R&D) expenditures
and R&D employees of for-profit, publicly or privately held, nonfarm businesses
with 10 or more employees in the United States that performed or funded R&D
domestically or abroad.
Survey
Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities The Survey of Science and
Engineering Research Facilities is a congressionally mandated, biennial survey
that collects data on the amount, construction, repair, renovation, and funding
of research facilities at U.S. colleges and universities.



SURVEY CONTACT

For additional information about this survey or the methodology, contact

Christopher V. Pece Survey Manager
Phone (703) 292-7788 E-mail cpece@nsf.gov
Address National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, 2415 Eisenhower
Avenue, Suite W14200, Alexandria, VA 22314


GET E-MAIL UPDATES FROM NCSES

NCSES is an official statistical agency. Subscribe below to receive our latest
news and announcements.

Subscribe
Connect with us online

X/Twitter Facebook Linked-In
RSS Feed
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
Search

OUR DATA & ANALYSIS

Areas of Interest Corrections Explore Data Schedule of Release Dates Surveys &
Analysis

ABOUT

About NCSES Leadership & Staff Quality & Transparency What's New From NCSES

HELP

Contact Us Glossary Frequently Asked Questions NCSES Knowledge Base
Website Policies Budget and Performance Inspector General Privacy FOIA No FEAR
Act USA.gov Accessibility Plain Language Research.gov
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics 2415 Eisenhower Avenue,
Suite W14200, Alexandria, VA 22314 Tel: (703) 292-8780 FIRS: (800) 877-8339 TDD:
(800) 281-8749