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FIXING MIXED CONTENT AND ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS ERRORS IN WORDPRESS WHEN USING
VARNISH
WordPress is one of the most popular content management systems in the world. It
originally started as blogging software, but it has evolved to become a
full-blown website building tool (dare I say framework?).
Just like any other CMS and framework, operating WordPress at scale requires a
lot of server resources. To reduce the pressure on your application servers and
to reduce infrastructure requirements, you can add a caching solution like
Varnish.
Because of its power and flexibility, Varnish is very popular in the WordPress
community. There are numerous Varnish plugins available for WordPress, which
facilitate the integration of Varnish and ensure content is purged from the
cache at the right time.
However, when you operate WordPress with Varnish Cache in front of it, you might
run into some TLS awareness roadblocks that result in two common issues:
* Mixed content
* The ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS error
MIXED CONTENT
Mixed content means that the output of a web page contains both HTTP and HTTPS
URLs. When the browser spots this mix, it considers this page unsafe and returns
an error.
Some browsers will automatically upgrade plain HTTP requests to HTTPS requests
to reduce the impact of the mixed content. Still, you need to fix this problem.
Mixed content in WordPress is caused by the lack of TLS awareness when a proxy
is used.
While Varnish Enterprise, the commercial version of Varnish, has native TLS
support, the open source version doesn’t. This means the TLS session needs to be
terminated by a TLS Proxy. Meanwhile, Varnish will communicate with WordPress
over plain and unencrypted HTTP.
Despite having the ability to set the conventional X-Forwarded-Proto header in
Varnish to inform WordPress about the terminated TLS session, WordPress has no
built-in support for this header and renders plain HTTP URLs in its output.
THE ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS ERROR
Another TLS-related issue you may encounter when using Varnish in WordPress, is
the dreaded ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS error.
The error implies that your browser has done too many redirection attempts and
aborted the execution to prevent an infinite loop.
This issue occurs when WordPress enforces HTTP to HTTPS redirections. This
obviously ties into the mixed content issue, because WordPress considers HTTPS
requests with terminated TLS nothing more than plain HTTP.
WordPress will keep redirecting, which eventually triggers the
ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS error in the browser.
But even if you would use Varnish Enterprise, which has native TLS support, you
would still run the risk of getting stuck in the redirect loop. Varnish will try
to cache the response that is returned by WordPress and even redirects end up in
the cache.
If the first request for a resource is done over plain HTTP, Varnish will cache
the redirection response. Even if the next request is an HTTPS request, the
redirection will still be served from the cache.
And that’s because Varnish doesn’t take the request scheme (HTTP or HTTPS) into
account when composing the cache lookup hash. Only the request URL and the Host
header matter, so there’s no separate cache entry for the HTTPS version of a
page.
THE SOLUTION
The solution to both problems revolves around adding TLS awareness: both in
WordPress and in Varnish.
By setting the X-Forwarded-Proto header in Varnish or the TLS proxy, we can make
WordPress aware of the terminated protocol. For WordPress to correctly render
HTTPS URLs, some minor configuration changes are required in the wp-config.php
file.
If that’s not possible, TLS awareness can be configured in your web server. We
have example code of how to do this in both Apache and Nginx.
The final piece of the puzzle is setting a Vary: X-Forwarded-Proto header in
your web server configuration to inform Varnish that it should take the value of
the X-Forwarded-Proto header into account when creating the cache lookup hash.
You can even tackle this issue directly in Varnish without changing your web
server config.
READ THE VARNISH DEVELOPER PORTAL TUTORIAL
You now know the context of these TLS-related issues in WordPress and you know
what the solution is. However, we haven’t yet explained how to solve them.
We actually created a comprehensive tutorial on the Varnish Developer Portal
that explains the problem and the various solutions in detail.
Topics: WordPress, DevPortal, redirect loops
12/6/23 11:07 PM by Thijs Feryn
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