link.email.scmagazineus.com

Summary

This website contacted 4 IPs in 1 countries across 3 domains to perform 7 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 35.238.92.4, located in United States and belongs to GOOGLE - Google LLC, US. The main domain is link.email.scmagazineus.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by RapidSSL RSA CA 2018 on April 9th 2019. Valid for: a year.

This is the only time link.email.scmagazineus.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1 2	35.238.92.4 35.238.92.4	15169 (GOOGLE) (GOOGLE - Google LLC)
1	52.216.109.179 52.216.109.179	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com)
3	52.23.126.90 52.23.126.90	14618 (AMAZON-AES) (AMAZON-AES - Amazon.com)
2	99.84.151.115 99.84.151.115	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com)
7	4

2 35.238.92.4 (United States) 1 redirects

ASN15169 (GOOGLE - Google LLC, US)
PTR: 4.92.238.35.bc.googleusercontent.com

link.email.scmagazineus.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 52.216.109.179 (Ashburn, United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US)
PTR: s3-1-w.amazonaws.com

mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

3 52.23.126.90 (Ashburn, United States)

ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES - Amazon.com, Inc., US)
PTR: ec2-52-23-126-90.compute-1.amazonaws.com

www.scmagazine.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 99.84.151.115 (Seattle, United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US)
PTR: server-99-84-151-115.txl52.r.cloudfront.net

media.scmagazine.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
5	scmagazine.com www.scmagazine.com media.scmagazine.com	584 KB
2	scmagazineus.com 1 redirects link.email.scmagazineus.com	5 KB
1	amazonaws.com mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com	1 KB
7	3

	Domain	Requested by
3	www.scmagazine.com	link.email.scmagazineus.com
2	media.scmagazine.com	link.email.scmagazineus.com
2	link.email.scmagazineus.com	1 redirects
1	mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com	link.email.scmagazineus.com
7	4

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
www.scmagazine.com
www.google.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
link.email.scmagazineus.com RapidSSL RSA CA 2018	`2019-04-09` - `2020-04-08`	a year	crt.sh
*.s3.amazonaws.com DigiCert Baltimore CA-2 G2	`2018-11-07` - `2020-02-07`	a year	crt.sh
*.scmagazine.com RapidSSL RSA CA 2018	`2019-09-05` - `2020-09-04`	a year	crt.sh
scmagazine.com Amazon	`2018-11-08` - `2019-12-08`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
Frame ID: 5B6E975C96811DC123A0483372DFC5D9
Requests: 7 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Detected technologies

Nginx (Web Servers) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

headers server /nginx(?:\/([\d.]+))?/i

Phusion Passenger (Web Servers) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

headers server /Phusion Passenger ([\d.]+)/i

Page Statistics

7
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

1
Countries

590 kB
Transfer

599 kB
Size

1
Cookies

3 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://www.scmagazine.com/privacypolicy/
Title: Privacy Policy

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://www.scmagazine.com/termsandconditions/
Title: Terms of Service

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://www.google.com/maps?q=275+7th+Avenue%2C+10th+Floor+%7C+New+York%2C+NY+10001&entry=gmail&source=g
Title: 275 7th Ave, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10001

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 0

https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/open/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c HTTP 302
https://mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H/1.1 200
OK Primary Request Cookie set 5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c Show response
link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/ 16 KB
5 KB 150ms
150ms Document
text/html 35.238.92.4
Google LLC

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

35.238.92.4 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE - Google LLC, US),

Reverse DNS

4.92.238.35.bc.googleusercontent.com

Software

nginx/1.14.0 + Phusion Passenger 5.3.4 / Phusion Passenger 5.3.4

Resource Hash

4a4dbba0249a0797533680d9fa5bdba309437c5ad383db9e0dacbd10b9285169

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Request headers

Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1

Response headers

Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Status: 200 OK
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Request-Id: f7fffb33-076a-4845-8a87-6b89c7013eed
ETag: W/"8a8dd07d6c56d085e2fc889cf4eb086b"
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Runtime: 0.031131
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:56 GMT
Set-Cookie: _session_id=6a690292d3f870ba8b0803f96103d66b; path=/; expires=Thu, 26 Sep 2019 19:50:56 -0000; HttpOnly
X-Powered-By: Phusion Passenger 5.3.4
Server: nginx/1.14.0 + Phusion Passenger 5.3.4
Content-Encoding: gzip

GET
H/1.1

200
OK

pixel.gif
mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com/
Redirect Chain

https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/open/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
https://mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif

1 KB
1 KB

555ms
248ms

Image
image/gif

52.216.109.179
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif
Requested by: Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Security: TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server: 52.216.109.179 Ashburn, United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US),
Reverse DNS: s3-1-w.amazonaws.com
Software: AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash: 996370b7ae36697bd9d028e7182a1206d51db1319c0652ac62fe827487fdacb7

Request headers

Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:58 GMT
Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jun 2014 08:59:53 GMT
Server: AmazonS3
x-amz-request-id: DDCE667342912408
ETag: "a1a61004aba9b88510421b1d23031d05"
Content-Type: image/gif
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 1097
x-amz-id-2: dFVluy5Xg6ia8m1SQ5fsq181R2R753hfZxS+kEX3EkDjWILoXChc1VWq/3oMWhfoyqE0lUgiTsM=

Redirect headers

X-Runtime: 0.010821
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:56 GMT
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Server: nginx/1.14.0 + Phusion Passenger 5.3.4
Status: 302 Found
X-Powered-By: Phusion Passenger 5.3.4
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Location: https://mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif
Cache-Control: no-cache
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Request-Id: 6660c214-e91d-4415-916f-643e2c4d3b58

GET
H2 200 vendorwebcast_250px-e1561730074618.png
www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/ 7 KB
7 KB 103ms
101ms Image
image/png 52.23.126.90
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/vendorwebcast_250px-e1561730074618.png

Requested by

Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_256_GCM

Server

52.23.126.90 Ashburn, United States, ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES - Amazon.com, Inc., US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-52-23-126-90.compute-1.amazonaws.com

Software

nginx /

Resource Hash

f1cce254d30b45a1a59cab2d620ecea5c8b1f6e0c4ef873a599c1df6e9c75b62

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-amz-server-side-encryption: AES256
date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:56 GMT
last-modified: Wed, 10 Jul 2019 07:11:13 GMT
server: nginx
etag: "16b9c4363f49c5bbb08cb27f43eb31f6"
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
content-type: image/png
status: 200
cache-control: max-age=2592000
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 6813
expires: Sat, 26 Oct 2019 07:50:56 GMT

GET
H2 200 0919_500x188_5-TIPS.jpg
www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/09/ 25 KB
25 KB 186ms
184ms Image
image/jpeg 52.23.126.90
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/09/0919_500x188_5-TIPS.jpg

Requested by

Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_256_GCM

Server

52.23.126.90 Ashburn, United States, ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES - Amazon.com, Inc., US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-52-23-126-90.compute-1.amazonaws.com

Software

nginx /

Resource Hash

d82a06e885b77dc7d6decae98ba7e40fe72246b912a09a54e9ba6196781e5169

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-amz-server-side-encryption: AES256
date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:56 GMT
last-modified: Mon, 23 Sep 2019 07:11:18 GMT
server: nginx
etag: "a1dfd18229a1fb1770c99b8dfa62f5cf"
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
content-type: image/jpeg
status: 200
cache-control: max-age=2592000
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 25294
expires: Sat, 26 Oct 2019 07:50:56 GMT

GET
H2 200 iboss_no-tag-blackx200.jpg
www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/09/ 547 KB
548 KB 131ms
129ms Image
image/jpeg 52.23.126.90
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://www.scmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/09/iboss_no-tag-blackx200.jpg

Requested by

Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_256_GCM

Server

52.23.126.90 Ashburn, United States, ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES - Amazon.com, Inc., US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-52-23-126-90.compute-1.amazonaws.com

Software

nginx /

Resource Hash

34f76ae98e90248a724ef3201b923b906736270f684c295d5cfeb005156c5bf5

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-amz-server-side-encryption: AES256
date: Thu, 26 Sep 2019 07:50:56 GMT
last-modified: Sun, 22 Sep 2019 07:11:55 GMT
server: nginx
etag: "59ac056ad7993ad579dc6f552d5ed5a4"
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
content-type: image/jpeg
status: 200
cache-control: max-age=2592000
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 560382
expires: Sat, 26 Oct 2019 07:50:56 GMT

GET
H/1.1 200
OK calendaricon64px_1423948.png
media.scmagazine.com/images/2018/05/07/ 1 KB
2 KB 35ms
33ms Image
image/png 99.84.151.115
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://media.scmagazine.com/images/2018/05/07/calendaricon64px_1423948.png
Requested by: Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Security: TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server: 99.84.151.115 Seattle, United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US),
Reverse DNS: server-99-84-151-115.txl52.r.cloudfront.net
Software: Microsoft-IIS/8.5 /
Resource Hash: 15a1ba15bc542ef15b832d745d29e783aef6ed13de2a8c7b5c37bd4b5e3f39fc

Request headers

Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Sun, 05 May 2019 04:56:58 GMT
Via: 1.1 8e2919534da029bb37f64b265b219373.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
Age: 12451963
X-Cache: Hit from cloudfront
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 1240
Last-Modified: Mon, 07 May 2018 20:11:17 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.5
ETag: "c570a68e3fe6d31:0"
Content-Type: image/png
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
ImageFrom: New-Image
X-Amz-Cf-Pop: TXL52-C1
Accept-Ranges: bytes
X-Amz-Cf-Id: gBMWmH3kK5fXeytZurMFU0SV0vpBpUoHfj51SjUNzyfqHstAyenC1A==

GET
H/1.1 200
OK email_1423957.png
media.scmagazine.com/images/2018/05/07/ 2 KB
2 KB 34ms
33ms Image
image/png 99.84.151.115
Amazon.com

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://media.scmagazine.com/images/2018/05/07/email_1423957.png
Requested by: Host: link.email.scmagazineus.com
URL: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Security: TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server: 99.84.151.115 Seattle, United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US),
Reverse DNS: server-99-84-151-115.txl52.r.cloudfront.net
Software: Microsoft-IIS/8.5 /
Resource Hash: 2d694d089cd3fcb7688cc9d8e3131d1f2d9f7ab722992ba11f6c7b5f51b34ba0

Request headers

Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Referer: https://link.email.scmagazineus.com/a/1325/preview/10280/1716026/5430fdb415d856e830a34ea85e6c9a4b0f96635c
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Fri, 10 May 2019 05:44:51 GMT
Via: 1.1 e670d901736ac01599c0ed6fbe3a3c58.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
Age: 12017084
X-Cache: Hit from cloudfront
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 1775
Last-Modified: Mon, 07 May 2018 20:14:33 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.5
ETag: "bd274340e6d31:0"
Content-Type: image/png
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
ImageFrom: New-Image
X-Amz-Cf-Pop: TXL52-C1
Accept-Ranges: bytes
X-Amz-Cf-Id: dgwhZr1D0sqPXE77Io9yvEqp1KxyrX8utSsA2IFmsSokQwfHaz3S9A==

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

2 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| onformdata object| onpointerrawupdate

1 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			link.email.scmagazineus.com/	1970-01-19 03:58:47	Name: _session_id Value: 6a690292d3f870ba8b0803f96103d66b

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

link.email.scmagazineus.com
media.scmagazine.com
mpassets.s3.amazonaws.com
www.scmagazine.com
35.238.92.4
52.216.109.179
52.23.126.90
99.84.151.115
15a1ba15bc542ef15b832d745d29e783aef6ed13de2a8c7b5c37bd4b5e3f39fc
2d694d089cd3fcb7688cc9d8e3131d1f2d9f7ab722992ba11f6c7b5f51b34ba0
34f76ae98e90248a724ef3201b923b906736270f684c295d5cfeb005156c5bf5
4a4dbba0249a0797533680d9fa5bdba309437c5ad383db9e0dacbd10b9285169
996370b7ae36697bd9d028e7182a1206d51db1319c0652ac62fe827487fdacb7
d82a06e885b77dc7d6decae98ba7e40fe72246b912a09a54e9ba6196781e5169
f1cce254d30b45a1a59cab2d620ecea5c8b1f6e0c4ef873a599c1df6e9c75b62

link.email.scmagazineus.com Open in urlscan Pro 35.238.92.4 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Detected technologies

Page Statistics

7 Requests

100 %HTTPS

0 %IPv6

3 Domains

4 Subdomains

4 IPs

1 Countries

590 kBTransfer

599 kBSize

1 Cookies

3 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

7 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

2 JavaScript Global Variables

1 Cookies

Security Headers

Indicators

link.email.scmagazineus.com Open in urlscan Pro
35.238.92.4 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

7
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

1
Countries

590 kB
Transfer

599 kB
Size

1
Cookies

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions