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Welcome to the World of Playing Cards, where we delve into the rich heritage and
history of playing cards, and the many ways in which they bring people together.
Playing cards have been shared and enjoyed for centuries for everything from
games and gambling to fortune-telling, magic and conjuring. Today they continue
to be a popular and educational pastime for people of all ages and backgrounds.



Playing cards combine many aspects of our history including paper-making,
printing technologies, innovation, symbolism, graphic design and how these have
changed over the years. Whatever your interest in cards, you'll find something
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MUSIC PLAYING CARDS

Portraits of 13 classical music composers.

 * 
   by Roddy Somerville
 * April 08, 2024 at 10:03am



SUBMIT

Link Discussion Article

CLASSIC CARD GAMES FOR KIDS

A boxed set of playing cards, Happy Families and an alphabet pack with rules for
22 games.

Roddy Somerville • 6 hours ago

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L DAY

Antique cards forming a composite pack by L.Day, Kingdom of Ireland, 1780.

Simon Wintle • Yesterday at 20:50

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LES PLAQUES ÉMAILLÉES D’ANTOINE VOLLON

54 different enamel plaques depicting silk manufacture, by the Lyon artist
Antoine Vollon.

Roddy Somerville • Yesterday at 11:49

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASHA INDUSTRIES’ CASTILIAN PATTERN

Colourful Spanish (Castilian) pattern cards made by Asha Industries in India for
Mexico.

Roddy Somerville • Yesterday at 08:49

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LE ROI BRIDGE

Reprint of a Piatnik (Budapest) pack of 1927 with Hungarian historical figures
and scenic aces.

Roddy Somerville • 06 April 2024, 21:09

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MANARA: BARAJA DE POKER

Exotic illustrations by Italian comic book artist and writer Milo Manara.

Peter Burnett • 06 April 2024, 12:31

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLUB SOFT DRINKS

Promotional pack for Club soft drinks with amusing illustrations of different
kinds of ‘club’.

Roddy Somerville • 06 April 2024, 11:41

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MIT RHINO AUFTRUMPFEN

Black rhinos on a publicity pack for Armstrong, a flooring company, with comic
designs by Pit Flick.

Roddy Somerville • 05 April 2024, 18:46

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FRATELLI ARMANINO

I have a pack of

Michaela Harris • 05 April 2024, 16:12 • 0 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EARLY CHAD VALLEY SNAP, LINDA EDGERTON

I'm sorting out my box of memories and found an old game of snap which I...

David Phillips • 05 April 2024, 15:54 • 2 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VALHALLA SPILLEKORT

Characters from the Valhalla comics, designed by Peter Madsen, as commemorated
on a Danish stamp.

Roddy Somerville • 05 April 2024, 11:05

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SO-LAH – A GAME OF MUSIC

An early 20th century domino-type musical card game by Goodall.

Roddy Somerville • 04 April 2024, 20:28

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HIGH SCHOOL MUSICAL 3: SENIOR YEAR

American teen film depicting students staging their last spring musical.

Peter Burnett • 04 April 2024, 19:31

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MARMITE

Fifty-Four images celebrating a UK savoury spread, that has been around one
hundred and twenty two years! It's about time!

Ian Taylor • 04 April 2024, 04:27

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WORD MAKING AND WORD TAKING

How crossword and spelling games became popular.

Tony Hall • 03 April 2024, 21:09

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PINOCCHIO PLAYING CARDS

Comic book drawings inspired by Carlo Collodi’s children’s classic, Pinocchio.

Roddy Somerville • 03 April 2024, 13:36

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LE ORE PLAYING CARDS

Caricatures of famous personalities from the late 1970s for the Italian magazine
Le Ore.

Roddy Somerville • 02 April 2024, 18:07

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JEUX DE CARTES TO TOM

Bonjour Je possède un jeux de cart...

Plourin • 02 April 2024, 17:14 • 1 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

G&G ARMAMENT PLAYING CARDS

G&G Armament Airsoft replica gun playing cards from Taiwan.

Peter Burnett • 02 April 2024, 13:43

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CARTE ROMANTICHE ITALIANE

Scenes of life and the theatre in Milan towards the second half of the 19th
century.

Peter Burnett • 01 April 2024, 19:14

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WALT DISNEY CARDS II

Mickey, Minnie, Pluto and other familiar Disney characters.

Roddy Somerville • 01 April 2024, 13:06

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POSTABANK 3

Caricatures of German personalities on a promotional pack for a Hungarian
commercial bank.

Roddy Somerville • 31 March 2024, 20:11

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MANAGING CARDS WITHOUT CORNER INDICES

For many hundreds of years cards had no corner indices, were square cut and
mostly made from card without the smooth, slippery surfaces we enjoy today.

Tony Hall • 30 March 2024, 13:44

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GUANLANGAOSHOU / SLAM DUNK PLAYING CARDS

Basketball-themed manga animated playing cards from Japan.

Peter Burnett • 30 March 2024, 11:57

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WHATEVER YOU’RE UP TO, STAY SAFE

Safety advice playing cards by New Zealand Police and the Wellington City
Council.

Peter Burnett • 30 March 2024, 10:45

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POSTABANK 1

Caricatures of Hungarian politicians on a promotional pack for a commercial
bank.

Roddy Somerville • 29 March 2024, 13:22

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LE JEU DES MUSICIENS

Artist Silvia Maddonni’s gently humorous take on musicians and their
instruments.

Roddy Somerville • 29 March 2024, 11:45

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEW BOND PLAYING CARDS

I have a pack of new bond playing cards with a fabric finish still inner...

Steve J Hall • 29 March 2024, 02:15 • 1 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MECHANICAL DECKS – PART 2

This article examines the Rough and Smooth principle in mechanical decks used in
magic, detailing several types such as the Invisible, Brainwave, Split, and
Nudist Decks. It explores their history and...

Roy J Hopwood • 29 March 2024, 02:02

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FILM NOIR

A deck of 55 cards, celebrating hard boiled heroes, wise-cracking women, mean
streets, guns and gumshoes!

Ian Taylor • 29 March 2024, 01:43

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SCIENCE FICTION

A deck of 55 cards, celebrating a time when Science Fiction truly was, Science
Fiction.

Ian Taylor • 29 March 2024, 01:43

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ABSOLUT DECK

Promotional deck published for Absolut Vodka in Sweden.

Peter Burnett • 28 March 2024, 20:34

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LO STAMPATORE

‘Lo Stampatore’ linocut images created by Sergio Favret, published as a deck of
cards by Editions Solleone / Vito Arienti in 1977.

Peter Burnett • 28 March 2024, 12:15

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LES SAINTS GUÉRISSEURS ET PROTECTEURS

Healing and patron saints portrayed in paintings, manuscripts, altarpieces and
statuary.

Roddy Somerville • 28 March 2024, 09:31

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BERNARD DONDORF

For an assignment I have to make a...

Jelte Jacops • 28 March 2024, 07:25 • 0 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EROTICARTES

I have a full set of the 1983 Fren...

Maria • 28 March 2024, 07:08 • 0 Comments

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SCENIC VIEWS OF AUSTRALIA

54 different scenic views of Australia in full colour.

Roddy Somerville • 27 March 2024, 14:39

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALICE IN WONDERLAND

Alice in Wonderland collector’s edition with illustrations of characters from
the film, published by Fournier, Spain, 2010.

Peter Burnett • 27 March 2024, 12:13

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ULYSSES A VAU-DE-VILLE

the James Joyce cards with drawings by Rosita Fanto.

Peter Burnett • 26 March 2024, 22:18

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KUZCO, L’EMPEREUR MÉGALO

Notched cards featuring toys representing characters from the Disney film Kuzco,
as offered by McDonald’s.

Roddy Somerville • 26 March 2024, 12:08

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

THE BEATLES PLAYING CARDS

Two packs featuring photos of The Beatles issued by the same publisher in 2004
and 2005.

Roddy Somerville • 24 March 2024, 20:24

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEPALI CHILDREN

Photographs of Nepali children offering glimpses of joy, hope and the beauty of
life.

Peter Burnett • 24 March 2024, 16:57

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WOMEN BY ROYO

‘Women by Royo’ erotic playing cards published by Heraclio Fournier, Spain,
2001.

Peter Burnett • 24 March 2024, 11:21

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COSTUME PLAYING CARDS

Four centuries of costumes from the Costume Court at the Victoria and Albert
Museum.

Roddy Somerville • 23 March 2024, 14:15

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HILTI I

Promotional pack for Hilti power tools, with courts in medieval costume and
non-standard pips.

Roddy Somerville • 23 March 2024, 12:49

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MONUMENTS DE PARIS

‘Monuments de Paris’ souvenir playing cards produced by Heraclio Fournier,
c.1964.

Peter Burnett • 22 March 2024, 14:02

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSAIR

Humorous designs promoting Transair, a German charter flight operator.

Roddy Somerville • 22 March 2024, 12:05

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LEONARDO COLLECTION

Leonardo collection playing cards with drawings from his notebooks.

Peter Burnett • 21 March 2024, 18:09

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MERZ PHARMA SKAT

Comic designs promoting Merz Pharma, a German drug company.

Roddy Somerville • 21 March 2024, 10:56

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------




View all new articles

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

112 COUNTRIES & PLACES

View All Countries
Africa Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahamas Belarus Belgium Bhutan
Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada Catalonia Ceylon Chile China Colombia Cook
Islands Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Denmark
Dominican Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Europe Finland France Georgia Germany
Greece Greenland Guatemala Guernsey Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India
Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya
Korea Latin America Latvia Lebanon Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar
Malaysia Maldives Malta Mauritius Mexico Monaco Mongolia Morocco Myanmar (Burma)
Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay
Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Romania Russia Salvador San Marino
Scandinavia Scotland Singapore South Africa Spain Suriname Sweden Switzerland
Tahiti / French Polynesia Taiwan Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey
Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay USA Venezuela Vietnam (Việt
Nam) Wales

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


FROM OUR MEMBERS

 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 


RODDY SOMERVILLE

478
View Articles
1993


MULTICARD

A Spanish-suited pack with multiple uses including roulette and dice.

1982


CARDS ON CARDS (E.H. LOCKER)

Artist Edward Locker’s view of London life in 1799, using every card in the pack
as part of the pict...

1939


PARIS PATTERN FOR WWII TROOPS

Wartime edition of standard designs with fewer colours, a special back design
and an overprint.


PAUL SYMONS

70
View Articles
1915


UNNAMED SCENIC ACES OF RIO DE JANEIRO

Cards made by C.L.Wüst of Germany for Brazil

2016


AT THE TOP PLAYING CARDS

Exclusively designed for the Burj Khalifa in Dubai

1824


LLOMBART PATTERN PLAYING CARDS FROM SPAIN

also known as the Plumed Hat pattern.


PETER BURNETT

503
View Articles
2018


PIKE AND CLOVER PLAYING CARDS

Pike and Clover playing cards created by Ian Cumpstey, Cumbria, UK, 2018.

2005


USA GOLF: PLACES TO PLAY

USA golf playing cards showing the best golf courses in the USA.


DRUM PLAYING CARDS

Drum playing cards depicting demographically diverse Africans of different
ethnicities.


KEN LODGE

137
View Articles


18: BELGIAN CARDS: AN INTRODUCTION

The card-makers of Turnhout were prolific in their output and inveterate
copiers.


2: STILL COLLECTING PLAYING CARDS AT 80

This is a personal account of some of my experiences collecting playing cards.


41: A GUIDE TO DATING PLAYING CARDS

Dating is a particularly tricky but very interesting problem to tackle and there
are many pitfalls. ...


TONY HALL

47
View Articles


PROGRESSIVE WHIST CARDS - PAGE 2

Wireless Whist itself, in many forms...


CRIBBAGE PATIENCE OR CRIBBAGE SQUARES

Cribbage Patience or Cribbage Squares, produced by Messrs Edward Mortimer,
Halifax and London.

1742


HOYLE AND HIS LEGACY

Edmond Hoyle (1672-1769) was an English writer who made his name by writing on
whist and a selection...


BARNEY TOWNSHEND

131
View Articles


LUXUSKARTE NO.75

Stylistically, the deck fits easily into the Dondorf “luxury card” group. The
deck has been produced...


GAIGEL-KARTEN

The Valets in this deck appear in costumes of the Biedermeier period, portraying
sentimental and pio...

1889


MITTELALTER NO.150

These designs imitating late medieval costumes were published by B. Dondorf in
Germany in various ed...


REX PITTS (1940-2021)

773
View Articles
1900


LA MARIÉE DU MARDI-GRAS

La Mariée du Mardi-Gras, published by Jeux et Jouets Français. Paris, early
1900s.

1984


MUSIKINSTRUMENTE

Musikinstrumente quartet game published by Verlag für Lehrmittel, Pössneck,
1984.

1953


WORLD BRIDGE

‘World Bridge’ produced by Modiano in Trieste, Italy, since around 1950.


ADAM WEST-WATSON

16
View Articles
1979


MORGAN-GREER TAROT

Based on the knowledge, wisdom and interpretation of Paul Foster Case and Arthur
Edward Waite.

1996


NEW PALLADINI TAROT

“The New Palladini Tarot” by David Palladini published by U.S. Games Inc., in
1996.

1970


THE AQUARIAN TAROT DECK

The Aquarian Tarot Deck illustrated by David Palladini, published by Morgan
Press, Inc., 1970.


ADAM WINTLE

152
View Articles
2023


THE TAROT STRIKES BACK

Roy Huteson Stewart's The Tarot Strikes Back combines Star Wars with Rider-Waite
tarot imagery.

2023


HOUSE OF TUDOR

Randy Butterfield's House of Tudor playing cards feature detailed art in a
high-quality collectible ...

2021


JACK-O’-LANTERN TAROT

Giuliano Costa's Jack-O’-Lantern tarot blends Rider-Waite symbolism with the
rich and atmospheric th...


SIMON WINTLE

1,434
View Articles
1780


L DAY

Antique cards forming a composite pack by L.Day, Kingdom of Ireland, 1780.

1745


BURGUNDY PATTERN

The old Burgundy (or Burgundian) pattern by Nicolas Chenevet, Dijon.

1883


JEU QUATRE EMPEREURS

Brazilian scenic aces with emperors of Brazil, Austria and France and other
dignitaries on the court...


THE HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS

Playing cards arrived in Europe the late 14th century and rapidly became a part
of popular culture. Antique playing cards are like a visit to the local museum
and evoke images of past eras and ways of life and also demonstrate archaic
technology or production methods. So what do the oldest surviving playing cards
look like?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1500


GAMBLING AND VICE IN THE MIDDLE AGES

Gambling and Vice in the Hours of Charles V: card-playing in the local tavern


LOMBARDY (OR MILANESI) PATTERN

The origins of the Lombardy pattern probably lie in the early 19th century when
it was a full-length...

1650


XVII CENTURY ENGRAVED ANIMAL CARDS

Anonymous French-suited German engraved cards c1610 to 1650.


“DECK WITH FRENCH SUITS”

A facsimile of an early 19th century French-suited deck from the collection of
F.X. Schmid.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


ART & DESIGN

Design Caricatures Abstract Cartoon Celtic Deco Jugendstil Renaissance Rococo
Surrealism

The playing card calls for artistic treatment and although the constrained size
imposes some limitations there is an almost bewildering wealth and variety of
designs in playing cards and their tuck boxes. The serious player requires
design to be unobtrusive so that aesthetic considerations remain in the
background. However, with modern manufacturing technology more eye-catching
designs are becoming popular as gifts, collectibles and for their attractive
appearance.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1985


PACO LOBO

Highly original and striking designs by Paco Lobo for the fashion house of the
same name.

1958


ÖBERGS ‘COMEDIA’

Öbergs “Comedia” playing cards designed by Stig Lindberg from Sweden, c.1958

1870


TRANSFORMATION CARDS FOR CHRISTMAS

Hand-drawn Transformation cards, c.1870.

1993


LE CARTE DI FORATTINI

Political caricatures by Giorgio Forattini published by Arnoldo Mondadori
Editore, Italy, 1993.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


ORACLE, DIVINATION & TAROT

The art of interpreting divine omens - augury or reading karma - has since
ancient times been integral to political, civic and religious life.

More recently, Cartomancy and modern esoteric tarot packs have been produced in
a wide variety of conceptions and involve use of imagination and intuition to
assess one’s thoughts and feelings from the view point of the symbolic images
and numbers. It is possible for an object to be construed as a game in one
context, and as something other than a game in a different context.

Tarot, originally a 15th century card game, has evolved into a popular system of
personal mysticism, self-exploration and spirituality   Learn more about tarot►

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1825


MYTHOLOGICAL TAROT BY MICHAEL SCHATZBERGER

Mythological tarot by Michael Schatzberger, Passau, Bavaria, early 19th century.

1810


NATURAL HISTORY TAROT

Natural History Tarot published by G M, Germany, early 19th C.

1975


RAMSES II TAROT

Ramses II Tarot deck was published c.1975 in conjunction with a Peruvian occult
or esoteric magazine...

2016


DUNGEONS & DRAGONS “CURSE OF STRAHD” TAROKKA DECK

Enhance your Dungeons & Dragons game with the Tarokka Deck, a tarot-inspired set
of cards that bring...

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CARD GAMES

Games Childhood Currency Educational Happy Families Jaques Quartet Snap Spelling

The games we play mirror the world we live in, like popular art. There was a
time when friends and family played indoor games by the fireside and enjoyed
countless hours of pleasure and amusement. Children don’t play card games so
much because they prefer computer games, the ultimate excitement. Antique and
vintage card games offer documentary evidence, as well as nostalgic memories, of
the social interaction, fashions and stereotypes of bygone days and are a study
in social anthropology.

French card games are mostly Jeux des Sept Familles. German games are often
pleasing on the eye, and they seem to favour quartet games. USA love quartets of
world worthies like authors, painters, composers. Games are not simply an escape
from the real world, they are also educational and provide a place to process
what it all means.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


FAIRY TALES

German Fairy Tales Card Game.

1907


HURRY-UP MISFITZ

Faulkner's “Hurry-Up Misfitz”, with some fine illustrations of vintage methods
of transportation, wa...


STOP! I FORBID THE SALE!

“Stop! I forbid the Sale!” card game published by H.P. Gibson & Sons Ltd,
c.1939.

1900


ALICE IN WONDERLAND (THOMAS DE LA RUE VERSION)

Alice in Wonderland card game based on original designs by Sir John Tenniel
published by Thomas De l...




THE BIG PICTURE

Playing cards have a universal appeal and are a reflection of human culture.



Above: Chinese money-suited cards. Some of the earliest cards have origins in
the Far East.

Playing cards are a part of almost every culture and society around the world.
These small, rectangular pieces of paper have been a source of entertainment for
generations and are still enjoyed by people of all ages today. Whether it’s a
simple game of solitaire, a high-stakes game of poker, or a magic trick that
delights, there’s something about playing cards that captures the imagination
and inspires creativity. As Delef Hoffmann once said “whether we consider cards
as mere merchandise or as the bond which unites people with one another, just
think of what we would be if we had no cards! How boring and unsociable our
lives would be without this invention!”

Above: Dasavatara Ganjifa from India. Playing cards from India are often
circular.

The origin of cards can be traced back to China, where they were first used as
early as the 9th century. From there, the cards travelled across Asia and the
Middle East, and finally found their way to Europe in the 14th century.

Since then, playing cards have been used for a wide range of purposes, including
fortune-telling and even propaganda. But the most significant impact they have
had on humanity is through their use in games, which have brought people
together for centuries.

Above left: a set of Spanish playing cards from 1638 was discovered inside a
prison wall during demolition, likely used for gambling by prisoners. Above
center: Trump Presidential playing cards, playing cards are often used for
political messages. Above right: the Magician from the popualr Rider-Waite
tarot, which has become the template for modern tarot decks.

While playing cards have brought people together for fun and play, they have
also been a source of disruption in the form of gambling. For many, gambling has
become an addiction, leading to financial ruin and even anti-social problems.

The artistic value of cards cannot be overlooked, with their intricate details
and unique designs of each card reflecting the creativity and ingenuity of
artists. Playing cards are a reflection of our society, with each country and
region having its unique designs and styles. As Sylvia Mann put it “there are
fashions in cards, and these fashions very often reflect the history of the
times”. From the bold and colourful designs of India to the intricate and
detailed patterns of Russia, playing cards are a testament to the creativity and
diversity of the human experience.

Above left: Kashmir Playing Cards, above center: Ethiopian Air Lines playing
cards produced by Nintendo, above right: striking playing cards designed by
Masuo Ikeda.

Playing cards have a wide embrace, spanning across cultures and countries, with
a scope of diverse subjects that reflect the values and beliefs of their
respective societies.

Playing cards are an enduring symbol of human connection and creativity,
transcending language, borders and cultures. Through the power of games, they
have brought people together for centuries, creating shared experiences that
have fostered friendships, learning and social bonds. While their role in
gambling has been disruptive, their stunning artistic designs elevate them to
works of art, worthy of appreciation and admiration. Playing cards are a
testament to the power of human creativity and a reflection of the rich cultural
tapestry of our world.


REFERENCES

 * The Playing Card, Delef Hoffmann, 1972
 * Collecting Playing Cards, Sylvia Mann, 1966




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ABOUT THE WORLD OF PLAYING CARDS

Our aim is to increase awareness and appreciation of the cultural and historical
significance of playing cards.



The World of Playing Cards was established in 1996 as a place where you can
learn about playing cards, their history, design and manufacture, and see cards
from around the world.

Simon Wintle (right) with Adam Wintle (left) visiting Ayutthaya in Thailand,
2016.

They reflect the traditions of many countries. They vary widely in size, style,
shape, artistry, usage and many other purposes in education, marketing or even
for fortune telling. There is a fascination in playing card design: the neat
symmetries and quirky symbols. The composition of the pack - court cards, suits,
pips - provides endless scope of play.



They are recognised everywhere around the world - we rarely question their
origins.

Since their invention, cards have lost none of their popularity. Playing cards
have a long history and it's in the art that the richness of playing cards is to
be discovered.

Simon & Adam




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Increasing awareness and appreciation of the cultural and historical
significance of playing cards since 1996. See the big picture or learn more
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EPCS – a society that offers a quarterly newsletter. Digital Membership is
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MUSIC PLAYING CARDS

Portraits of 13 classical music composers.

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