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A DIG TOWARDS THE CORE OF THE EARTH UNCOVERS A LOT OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS

By
Christine R.
-
16 January 2023
1578547


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Have you read the classic Jules Verne novel entitled “Journey to the Center of
the Earth?” The science fiction novel definitely made our imagination run wild.
But have you ever wondered what really is in the center of the earth?



Source: Maternity Week

In a remote peninsula somewhere in Russia, a group of scientists has spent
decades drilling down the ground to reach the center of the earth. But after
decades of hard work, the team made a discovery that forced them to stop digging
deeper.




IT WAS A RACE

The ambitious goal to dig towards the center of the earth started with a
competition between the USA and the USSR to conquer the subterranean world. We
all know the space race between the two nations to conquer outer space but
little was known about another race to dig as far into the Earth’s crust as they
possibly could.



Source: Maternity Week

You may think that dirt and rocks are not that compelling compared to the
mystery of the cosmos but the Earth’s crust leads the way to the mantle – the
mysterious inner layer that makes up 40% of Earth’s mass. What could that 40% be
made of?




PROJECT MOHOLE

In 1957, the US team took the lead in the digging race as they started Project
Mohole. The project’s mission was to get a sample of the Earth’s mantle by
drilling to the bottom of the ocean in an area off Guadalupe Island, Mexico. The
team of engineers were able to drill through the bed of the Pacific Ocean as
they were able to reach a depth of 601 feet.



Source: Maternity Week

Project Mohole was funded by the National Science Foundation. However, 8 years
into the project, the funding was cut off by the US House of Representatives.
Despite starting first, the Americans never got to the mantle.




KOLA PROJECT

It took a while for the USSR team to start their project. In fact, it was not
until May 24, 1970, that the Russians started drilling toward the center of the
Earth. They started drilling in the Pechengsky District, a low-populated area in
the Kola Peninsula, Russia.



Source: Maternity Week

The Russian team had a simple goal – to dig as far as possible into the Earth’s
crust. Of course, they aimed to go further than the 600 feet that the American
team achieved. In fact, the goal was a minimum of 49,000 feet.




SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT

The Russian team used specialist equipment in their project. Drilling was done
using the Uralmash-4E, which was a serial drilling rig used to drill oil wells.
This rig was modified a bit to be able to reach a depth of 7,000 meters.



Source: ResearchGate

Throughout the project, the Soviet team developed instruments that would help
them take direct physical measurements at the bottom of the borehole. Because of
this, they had greater measurement integrity. In 1974, the team upgraded to an
Uralmash-15000.



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Christine R.
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