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SMOKE BLANKETING NEW YORK CITY EVOKES MEMORIES OF 1966 ‘KILLER SMOG’

By María Luisa Paúl
June 8, 2023 at 4:13 a.m. EDT

Left: New York is covered in smog, seen from the roof of the RCA Building at
Rockefeller Center on Nov. 25, 1966. Right: The city seen from the Empire State
Building observatory on Wednesday as smoke from Canadian wildfires rolled into
the East Coast and Midwest. (John Duricka/AP; Yuki Iwamura/AP)

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New York City’s skyscrapers were barely visible, engulfed in air so thick “you
could feel the bits of smog sticking to your face,” Bill Burke recalled.

While the hazy images bear a resemblance to Wednesday’s eerie orange skies as
smoke from Canadian wildfires engulfs the city, Burke was recalling the “killer
smog” of 1966, when a heavy cloud of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide
enveloped New York.



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That year, the toxic smog — stemming mostly from industrial residues and power
plants using coal — hovered for some three days, starting on Thanksgiving and
prompting a citywide alert that ordered all incinerators to close and utility
companies to use natural gas. People with cardiovascular and respiratory
problems were urged to stay inside during what’s now considered one of the worst
air-pollution episodes and environmental disasters in modern U.S. history.

‘It looks like Mars outside’: Smoke engulfs East Coast, upending daily life

Burke, who was 11 in 1966, was in New York City for a family wedding. He recalls
being holed up at the hotel most of the time because after just a few minutes
outside, they would have to “wash pollution off your face and hands,” he said.

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“I hadn’t seen anything like it in my life before or since,” he said.

Now, nearly 57 years later, the thick haze blanketing the city is bringing back
memories of the days when the Mamas & the Papas and the Beatles were all the
rage, Lyndon B. Johnson was president, and concerns about pollution and other
environmental problems had just begun creeping into the public’s consciousness.
About four years later, Congress passed the landmark Clean Air Act, meant to
reduce air pollution.



Burke, who now lives in Rochester, N.Y., said that while there are parallels
between the two events — “places and buildings that should be readily visible
are obscured in the haze” — they’re not quite the same.

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“Even as a child, I knew [the smog] was due to human activity,” he said, adding
that this week’s haze reminded him of a trip he took to Wyoming in 2021, when
Grand Teton National Park was obscured with smoke and a campfire smell lingered
in the air.

“The air feels different in that it doesn’t require me to wash my face as soon
as I get back indoors,” Burke added.



Christine Tailer said images out of New York City this week transported her to
age 12, when she lived in a brownstone building with her family on the Lower
East Side in 1966.

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“The sky was so dusty, it’s what I remember most,” Tailer said. “You would look
down the long streets of New York, and you would just see this dusty haze
hanging over the city and couldn’t see off in the distance — a little bit like
today.”

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Tailer’s mom had suffered from respiratory problems since a bout with
tuberculosis in the 1930s. Amid the toxic haze, she said, her mother’s health
became a major concern — prompting her inventive father to take matters into his
own hands.

Peter Tailer was a jack-of-all-trades buzzing with creativity, his daughter
said. At 43, the self-employed patent attorney, photographer and building
superintendent had dabbled with Stirling engines, crafted a four-seat bicycle
for his family and sent hot-air balloons flying from the roof of their
five-floor house.



So when the smog crept over the city and made it hard for his wife to breathe,
Peter Tailer collected an assortment of parts to create an air-purifying machine
he nicknamed “the Assemblage” — a name meant to be pronounced with a French
accent “to make it fancy,” Tailer said.

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Kept in a closed room, the Assemblage blew dirty air into a box about the size
of a dining table that had water circulating inside of it. A pump pushed the
water toward the top and made it shower down through a screen. The purified air
would then flow through that trickling water and into a fan that forced it back
out into the room.

“There was no air conditioning, so the air from outside was the air we breathed
inside,” Tailer said. “So by doing this, we all think he kind of saved my
mother.”

Both Peter and his wife, Geraldine, would go on to live long and happy lives,
she added.



The smog that filled the city that holiday weekend proved fatal for some. A 1968
report from the U.S. Department of Health said that between Nov. 24 and 30 in
1966, researchers found “an increase in death rate of approximately 24 deaths
per day.” In 1967, the New York Times reported the smog had killed 168 people —
and scientists worried about its lingering effects on survivors.

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“Lung damage suffered during the period would probably be a contributing factor
in diseases suffered by New Yorkers for years to come,” a scientist told the
Times.

Smoke brings a warning: There’s no escaping climate’s threat to health

The smoggy episode became a wake-up call, prompting activists and officials to
push for policies that control air pollution — resulting in the passage of the
Air Quality Act in 1967 and, in 1970, the Clean Air Act, as well as the founding
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Satellite imagery captured May 20 showed a smoke swirl arriving in the central
U.S. (Video: (CSU/CIRA & NOAA))

Since then, air quality has improved in American cities, but climate change has
prompted concerns about carbon emissions — and the EPA’s ability to curb them
following a 2022 Supreme Court decision. The court limited the EPA’s ability to
stem greenhouse gas emissions after deciding some federal regulations had
exceeded the agency’s authority.

“Funny that this event directly precipitated the Clean Air Act and now we’re
experiencing something similar while the Clean Air Act has since been gutted,”
Dwight Rhinosoros, of the Eat the Rich podcast, tweeted alongside a 1966 photo
of New York City blanketed in smog.

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