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Exclusive
Biotechnology and health7 hours
HOW AI CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND HOW CELLS WORK—AND HELP CURE DISEASES
A virtual cell modeling system, powered by AI, will lead to breakthroughs in our
understanding of diseases, argue the cofounders of the Chan Zuckerberg
Initiative.
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A DISNEY DIRECTOR TRIED—AND FAILED—TO USE AN AI HANS ZIMMER TO CREATE A
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DEEPMIND’S COFOUNDER: GENERATIVE AI IS JUST A PHASE. WHAT’S NEXT IS INTERACTIVE
AI.
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DEEPMIND IS USING AI TO PINPOINT THE CAUSES OF GENETIC DISEASE
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DEEPFAKES OF CHINESE INFLUENCERS ARE LIVESTREAMING 24/7
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AI JUST BEAT A HUMAN TEST FOR CREATIVITY. WHAT DOES THAT EVEN MEAN?
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MEET THE NEXT GENERATION OF AI SUPERSTARS
So smart! So talented! This week I’m pleased to introduce you to a new crop of
bright minds working on some of the most challenging problems in AI and beyond.
You can read MIT Technology Review’s full list of 35 Innovators Under 35 here.
We’ve previously highlighted some of the most promising people in tech before
they became household names. In 2002, the list included two young innovators
named Larry Page and Sergey Brin of Google. A 23-year-old Mark Zuckerberg was on
the list in 2007. In 2008 we featured Andrew Ng, who wrote an excellent
essay for us this yea sharing his tips for aspiring innovators on trying,
failing, and the future of AI.
This year we’ve seen tech companies racing to release their hottest new AI
systems, and often neglecting safety and ethics. The AI scientists on this
year's innovators list are more aware than ever of the harm the technology can
pose, and are determined to fix it. To do that, they’re pioneering new methods
that are helping to shift the way the AI industry thinks about safety.
Sharon Li, pictured above and our Innovator of the Year, is an assistant
professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She created a remarkable AI
safety feature called out-of-distribution detection. This feature helps AI
models determine if they should abstain from action when faced with something
they weren’t trained on. This is crucial as AI systems are rolled out from the
lab and encounter new situations in the messy real world.
Irene Solaiman, global public policy director at Hugging Face, developed an
approach that calls for tech companies to release new models in phases, allowing
more time to test them for failures and build in guardrails.
Many of our innovators are working to fight climate change. I was delighted to
see so many people on the list using their skills in AI to tackle the biggest
problem facing humanity, either by helping the AI community track and lower its
emissions or by using AI to mitigate emissions in highly polluting industries.
Sasha Luccioni, an AI researcher at startup Hugging Face, has developed a better
way for tech companies to estimate and measure the carbon footprint of AI
language models.
Catherine De Wolf of ETH Zurich is using AI to help reduce emissions and the
waste of materials in the construction industry.
Alhussein Fawzi of DeepMind developed game-playing AI to speed up fundamental
computations, which helps to cut costs and save energy on devices.
This year’s innovators are also working on practical applications of AI that
illustrate how the technology could become more and more useful. They’re coming
up with exciting new ways to use it to boost scientific research and build
helpful tools in other fields.
Lerrel Pinto of New York University is using AI to help robots learn from their
mistakes. This, he hopes, will lead to robots in the home that do a lot more
than vacuum—and could become more integral to our daily lives.
Connor Coley of MIT developed open-source software that uses artificial
intelligence to help discover and synthesize new molecules.
Pranav Rajpurkar of Harvard Medical School has developed a way for AI to teach
itself to accurately interpret medical images without any help from humans.
Richard Zhang, a senior research scientist at Adobe, invented the visual
similarity algorithms underlying image-generating AI models like Stable
Diffusion and StyleGAN. Without his work, we would not have the image-generating
AI that has captivated the world.
That’s not all! This year’s list is brimming with inspiring people and ideas for
the next big thing in robotics, computing, biotechnology, and climate and
energy. Read the full list of this year’s young innovators here.
And finally, if you work in AI and you think you’ve got some exciting,
cutting-edge stuff to share, get in touch! We’re always interested in hearing
from people doing interesting work.
DEEPER LEARNING
DeepMind’s cofounder: Generative AI is just a phase. What’s next is interactive
AI.
DeepMind cofounder Mustafa Suleyman wants to build a chatbot that does a whole
lot more than chat. Here’s Suleyman’s pitch: In the future, we’ll have what he
calls interactive AI, meaning bots that can carry out tasks you set for them by
calling on other software and other people to get stuff done. He’s founded a new
billion-dollar company, Inflection, to build it.
Come again? Suleyman, who left DeepMind in 2022, has some … interesting …
thoughts about the success of online regulation, which border on naïveté. (“It’s
pretty difficult to find radicalization content or terrorist material online.
It’s pretty difficult to buy weapons and drugs online.”) Despite that, he
remains earnest and evangelical in his convictions, and he is in a position to
make big moves in the industry. He sat down with MIT Technology Review’s senior
editor for AI, Will Douglas Heaven, to chat about his plans and the need for
robust AI regulation. Read more here.
BITS AND BYTES
AI just beat a human test for creativity. What does that even mean?
A new study found that AI chatbots achieved higher average scores than humans in
a test commonly used to assess human creativity. The findings do not necessarily
indicate that AIs are developing an ability to do something uniquely human.
However, they might give us a better understanding of how humans and machines
approach creative tasks. (MIT Technology Review)
This driverless-car company is using chatbots to make its vehicles smarter
Self-driving-car startup Wayve can now interrogate its vehicles, asking them
questions about their driving decisions—and getting answers back. The idea is to
use the same tech behind ChatGPT to help train driverless cars. (MIT Technology
Review)
How Silicon Valley doomers are shaping Rishi Sunak’s AI plans
The UK’s prime minister, Rishi Sunak, is keen to boost his country’s AI
industry. But in a short span of time, something has shifted in the UK’s
approach. The country seems to be becoming a cheerleader for the AI doom
narrative, thanks to heavy lobbying from the effective altruism movement.
(Politico)
Silicon Valley’s AI religion
A thought-provoking piece about something I too have observed in the tech space:
technologists are increasingly weaving a narrative around AI and artificial
general intelligence that isn’t that dissimilar from religious narratives. This
story connects the dots.
(Vox)
How generative AI works
A great and helpful visual explainer that’s essential reading for anyone
AI-curious. (The Financial Times)
HIGHLIGHTS
Young Innovators
6 days
MEET THE 2023 INNOVATORS UNDER 35
Who are the people driving the next wave of innovation, and what does their work
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Artificial intelligence
2023 INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR: AS AI MODELS ARE RELEASED INTO THE WILD, SHARON LI
WANTS TO ENSURE THEY’RE SAFE
Li’s research could prevent AI models from failing catastrophically when they
encounter unfamiliar scenarios.
Artificial intelligence
ANDREW NG: HOW TO BE AN INNOVATOR
Biotechnology and health
SHE WAS A SEMI-PRO GO PLAYER BUT LEARNED THAT BIOLOGY IS EVEN HARDER
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THIS STARTUP PLANS TO POWER A TUGBOAT WITH AMMONIA LATER THIS YEAR
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HOW SOFTWARE THAT TRACKS COVID VARIANTS COULD PROTECT US AGAINST FUTURE
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1 / 8
Climate change and energy
HERE’S WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HURRICANES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
More rainfall and intensifying storms are hallmarks of rising temperatures, but
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CHINA JUST FOUGHT BACK IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR EXPORTS WAR. HERE’S WHAT YOU NEED TO
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The country aims to restrict the supply of gallium and germanium, two materials
used in computer chips and other products. But experts say it won’t have the
desired impact.
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HERE’S WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT LAB-GROWN MEAT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Cultivated meat is coming to the US. Whether it’ll clean up emissions from food
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OUR QUICK GUIDE TO THE 6 WAYS WE CAN REGULATE AI
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HOW DO FUNGI COMMUNICATE?
Each fungus may “speak” with many other species— and it turns out they have a
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EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE WILD WORLD OF HEAT PUMPS
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HOW TO LOG OFF
Sick of spending all your time staring at your devices? Here’s how to strike a
healthier balance.
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HOW DID CHINA COME TO DOMINATE THE WORLD OF ELECTRIC CARS?
From generous government subsidies to support for lithium batteries, here are
the keys to understanding how China managed to build a world-leading industry in
electric vehicles.
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September/October 2023
THE ETHICS ISSUE
Experimental drugs – who should get them? AI and warfare: If a machine tells you
when to pull the trigger, who is responsible? Plus, the greatest slide show on
Earth, open source at 40, everything you wanted to know about alternative jet
fuels, and Eric Schmidt on how AI will transform science.
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For many patients, pushing for access to unproven treatments is their best
chance of survival. And that’s worth the risk.
Humans and technology
THE RISE OF THE TECH ETHICS CONGREGATION
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Artificial intelligence
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ANDREW NG: HOW TO BE AN INNOVATOR
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DEEPMIND IS USING AI TO PINPOINT THE CAUSES OF GENETIC DISEASE
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Artificial intelligence
A DISNEY DIRECTOR TRIED—AND FAILED—TO USE AN AI HANS ZIMMER TO CREATE A
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AI generated a “7 out of 10” track. “But the reason you go into Hans Zimmer is
for 10 out of 10,” says Gareth Edwards.
Biotechnology and health
HOW AI CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND HOW CELLS WORK—AND HELP CURE DISEASES
A virtual cell modeling system, powered by AI, will lead to breakthroughs in our
understanding of diseases, argue the cofounders of the Chan Zuckerberg
Initiative.
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