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   Rotary Evaporators Large-Scale Rotary Evaporators Automatic Module Hei-VOLUME
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HEIDOLPH | PARTNERS


MAKING RESEARCH EASY. TOGETHER. FOR YOU.

The unified solution for your laboratory

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TRIPLE YOUR THROUGHPUT!


HEI-VOLUME DISTIMATIC PRO

An intuitive, efficient and economical solution to process high volumes
automatically.

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HEI-PLATE MIX 'N' HEAT CORE+


CLEAR THE STAGE!

This guy keeps on going when others already have given up: This magnetic stirrer
meets all the criteria to defy all adversities and to rock the laboratories of
this world for many years.

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HEI-PLATE MIX SERIES


10 YEARS WARRANTY

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ONE CONCEPT THROUGH AND THROUGH


CORE - EXPERT – ULTIMATE

The consistent renaming of our devices and the resulting transparency and
uniformity are an important part of our service orientation.

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HEIDOLPH | PARTNERS


MAKING RESEARCH EASY. TOGETHER. FOR YOU.

The unified solution for your laboratory

Learn more


TRIPLE YOUR THROUGHPUT!


HEI-VOLUME DISTIMATIC PRO

An intuitive, efficient and economical solution to process high volumes
automatically.

Learn more


HEI-PLATE MIX 'N' HEAT CORE+


CLEAR THE STAGE!

This guy keeps on going when others already have given up: This magnetic stirrer
meets all the criteria to defy all adversities and to rock the laboratories of
this world for many years.

MEET BACKSTAGE NOW


HEI-PLATE MIX SERIES


10 YEARS WARRANTY

Delivering Quality. Guaranteed.

Register now


ONE CONCEPT THROUGH AND THROUGH


CORE - EXPERT – ULTIMATE

The consistent renaming of our devices and the resulting transparency and
uniformity are an important part of our service orientation.

Learn more


HEIDOLPH | PARTNERS


MAKING RESEARCH EASY. TOGETHER. FOR YOU.

The unified solution for your laboratory

Learn more
‹›


HEI-PLATE MIX 'N' HEAT CORE+

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ONE CONCEPT THROUGH AND THROUGH

Core - Expert – Ultimate                                            
                                       

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HEI-VAP SERIES          

Up to 5 liter flask distillation                            
                                                                         

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Up to 20 liter flask distillation                                  
                         

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SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES

2,280 articles powered by Scitap
>ALL >Rotary evaporators >Magnetic stirrers >Overhead stirrers >Shakers and
Mixers >Peristaltic pumps


Metformin HCl-loaded transethosomal gel; development, characterization, and
antidiabetic potential evaluation in the diabetes-induced rat model.
2023, Drug Deliv, Nousheen K, Din FU, Jamshaid H, Afza R, Khan SU, Malik M, Ali
Z, Batool S, Zeb A, Yousaf AM, Almari AH, Alqahtani S, Khan S, Khan GM.
abstract(hide)  article
Herein we designed, optimized, and characterized the Metformin Hydrochloride
Transethosomes (MTF-TES) and incorporate them into Chitosan gel to develop
Metformin Hydrochloride loaded Transethosomal gel (MTF-TES gel) that provides a
sustained release, improved transdermal flux and improved antidiabetic response
of MTF. Design Expert® software (Ver. 12, Stat-Ease, USA) was applied for the
statistical optimization of MTF-TES. The formulation with Mean Particle Size
Distribution (MPSD) of 165.4 ± 2.3 nm, Zeta Potential (ZP) of -21.2 ± 1.9 mV,
Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.169 ± 0.033, and MTF percent Entrapment
Efficiency (%EE) of 89.76 ± 4.12 was considered to be optimized. To check the
chemical incompatibility among the MTF and other formulation components, Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed and demonstrated with no
chemical interaction. Surface morphology, uniformity, and segregation were
evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was revealed that
the nanoparticles were spherical and round in form with intact borders. The
fabricated MTF-TES has shown sustained release followed by a more pronounced
effect in MTF-TES gel as compared to the plain MTF solution (MTFS) at a pH of
7.4. The MTF-TES has shown enhanced permeation followed by MTF-TES gel as
compared to the MTFS at a pH of 7.4. In vivo antidiabetic assay was performed
and results have shown improved antidiabetic potential of the MTF-TES gel, in
contrast to MTF-gel. Conclusively, MTF-TES is a promising anti-diabetic
candidate for transdermal drug delivery that can provide sustained MTF release
and enhanced antidiabetic effect. (hide) High-resolution analysis of bound Ca2+
in neurons and synapses.
2024, Life Sci Alliance, Bonnin EA, Golmohammadi A, Rehm R, Tetzlaff C, Rizzoli
SO.
abstract(hide)  article
Calcium (Ca2+) is a well-known second messenger in all cells, and is especially
relevant for neuronal activity. Neuronal Ca2+ is found in different forms, with
a minority being freely soluble in the cell and more than 99% being bound to
proteins. Free Ca2+ has received much attention over the last few decades, but
protein-bound Ca2+ has been difficult to analyze. Here, we introduce correlative
fluorescence and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging as a tool to
describe bound Ca2+ As expected, bound Ca2+ is ubiquitous. It does not correlate
to free Ca2+ dynamics at the whole-neuron level, but does correlate
significantly to the intensity of markers for GABAergic pre-synapse and
glutamatergic post-synapses. In contrast, a negative correlation to pre-synaptic
activity was observed, with lower levels of bound Ca2+ observed in the more
active synapses. We conclude that bound Ca2+ may regulate neuronal activity and
should receive more attention in the future. (hide) Molecular Evidence of Breast
Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibition by a Combination of Selected Qatari
Medicinal Plants Crude Extracts.
2023, Nutrients, Alateyah N, Alsafran M, Usman K, Ouhtit A.
abstract(hide)  article
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy, and conventional medicine has
failed to establish efficient treatment modalities. Conventional medicine failed
due to lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the onset and
metastasis of tumors, as well as resistance to treatment regimen. However,
Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) modalities are currently drawing
the attention of both the public and health professionals. Our study examined
the effect of a super-combination (SC) of crude extracts, which were isolated
from three selected Qatari medicinal plants, on the proliferation, motility and
death of BC cells. Our results revealed that SC attenuated cell growth and
caused the cell death of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells when compared to human normal
neonatal fibroblast cells. On the other hand, functional assays showed that SC
reduced BC cell migration and invasion, respectively. SC-inhibited cell cycle
and SC-regulated apoptosis was most likely mediated by p53/p21 pathway and
p53-regulated Bax/BCL-2/Caspace-3 pathway. Our ongoing experiments aim to
validate these in vitro findings in vivo using a BC-Xenograft mouse model. These
findings support our hypothesis that SC inhibited BC cell proliferation and
induced apoptosis. These findings lay the foundation for further experiments,
aiming to validate SC as an effective chemoprevention and/or chemotherapeutic
strategy that can ultimately pave the way towards translational
research/clinical trials for the eradication of BC. (hide) Early selection of
carrot somatic hybrids: a promising tool for species with high regenerative
ability.
2023, Plant Methods, Mackowska K, Stelmach-Wityk K, Grzebelus E.
abstract(hide)  article
BackgroundSince its discovery, somatic hybridization has been used to overcome
the sexual barriers between cultivated and wild species. A combination of two
somatic cells might provide a novel set of features, often of agronomical
importance. Here, we report a successful approach for production and selection
of interspecific somatic hybrid plants between cultivated and wild carrot using
dual-labelling of protoplasts and an early selection of fused cells via
micromanipulator. Both subspecies used in this study are characterised by a very
high regenerative ability in protoplast cultures. Thus, a precise and effective
method of hybrid selection is essential to assure the development and
regeneration of much less numerous heterokaryons in the post-fusion cell
mixture.ResultsElectrofusion parameters, such as alternating current and direct
current, were optimised for an efficient alignment of protoplasts and reversible
membrane breakdown followed by a cell fusion. Four hundred twenty-nine cells
emitting green-red fluorescence, identified as hybrids, were obtained.
Co-culture with donor-derived protoplasts in the alginate feeder layer system
stimulated re-synthesis of the cell wall and promoted cell divisions of fusants.
Somatic embryogenesis occurred in hybrid-derived microcalli cultures, followed
by plant regeneration. Regenerated hybrids produced yellowish storage roots and
leaves of an intermediate shape between cultivated and wild subspecies. The
intron length polymorphism analysis revealed that 123 of 124 regenerated plants
were hybrids.ConclusionsThe developed protocol for protoplast fusion and an
early selection of hybrids may serve as an alternative to combining genomes and
transferring nuclear or cytoplasmatic traits from wild Daucus species to
cultivated carrot. (hide) Technical validation and a comparison of two methods
to quantify individual levels of glucocorticoids in Alpine marmot hair.
2023, MethodsX, Doss EM, Jouffroy M, Rey B, Cohas A, von Hardenberg A, Smith TE.
abstract(hide)  article
Quantification of cortisol concentration in hair has become a promising
conservation tool for non-invasive monitoring of "stress" in wild populations,
yet this method needs to be carefully validated for each species. The goals of
the study were:•Immunologically validate two methods (study 1 and 2
respectively) to extract and quantify cortisol in the hair of wild Alpine
marmots.•Compare the amount of cortisol extracted from hair samples using two
methods i.e. cut into fine pieces (study 1) and hair samples pulverized using a
ball mill (study 2).•Determine the extent to which methods in study 2 could
provide individual specific hair cortisol (HC) measures when samples were taken
from the same body location. Within and between individual variations in HC
levels were examined from multiple hair samples from 14 subjects in study 2. We
evaluated if inter-individual variations in HC levels could be explained by sex
and age.At least twice the amount of cortisol was obtained per g/hair when
samples were pulverized in a ball mill prior to extraction compared to when cut
into pieces. Our methods demonstrated intra-individual consistency in HC at a
given time point: inter-individual variation in HC was three times larger than
within individual variance. Sex and age did not impact HC levels. (hide)
Designing New Sport Supplements Based on Aronia melanocarpa and Bee Pollen to
Enhance Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value.
2023, Molecules, Tirla A, Timar AV, Becze A, Memete AR, Vicas SI, Popoviciu MS,
Cavalu S.
abstract(hide)  article
With a high number of athletes using sport supplements targeting different
results, the need for complex, natural and effective formulations represents an
actual reality, while nutrition dosing regimens aiming to sustain the health and
performance of athletes are always challenging. In this context, the main goal
of this study was to elaborate a novel and complex nutraceutical supplement
based on multiple bioactive compounds extracted from Aronia melanocarpa and bee
pollen, aiming to support physiological adaptations and to minimize the stress
generated by intense physical activity in the case of professional or amateur
athletes. Our proposed formulations are based on different combinations of
Aronia and bee pollen (A1:P1, A1:P2 and A2:P1), offering personalized
supplements designed to fulfill the individual requirements of different
categories of athletes. The approximate composition, fatty acid profile,
identification and quantification of individual polyphenols, along with the
antioxidant capacity of raw biological materials and different formulations, was
performed using spectrophotometric methods, GS-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS-ESI+. In terms
of antioxidant capacity, our formulations based on different ratios of bee
pollen and Aronia were able to act as complex and powerful antioxidant products,
highlighted by the synergic or additional effect of the combinations. Overall,
the most powerful synergism was obtained for the A1:P2 formulation. (hide)
Physicochemical Pretreatment of Vietnamosasa pusilla for Bioethanol and Xylitol
Production.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Wongleang S, Premjet D, Premjet S.
abstract(hide)  article
The consumption of fossil fuels has resulted in severe environmental
consequences, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Therefore,
transitioning to alternative energy sources, such as cellulosic ethanol, is a
promising strategy for reducing environmental impacts and promoting sustainable
low-carbon energy. Vietnamosasa pusilla, an invasive weed, has been recognized
as a high potential feedstock for sugar-based biorefineries due to its high
total carbohydrate content, including glucan (48.1 ± 0.3%) and xylan (19.2 ±
0.4%). This study aimed to examine the impact of NaOH pretreatment-assisted
autoclaving on V. pusilla feedstock. The V. pusilla enzymatic hydrolysate was
used as a substrate for bioethanol and xylitol synthesis. After treating the
feedstock with varying concentrations of NaOH at different temperatures, the
glucose and xylose recovery yields were substantially higher than those of the
untreated material. The hydrolysate generated by enzymatic hydrolysis was
fermented into bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339. The liquid
byproduct of ethanol production was utilized by Candida tropicalis TISTR 5171 to
generate xylitol. The results of this study indicate that the six- and
five-carbon sugars of V. pusilla biomass have great potential for the production
of two value-added products (bioethanol and xylitol). (hide) Utilization of a
TiO2-CuO Bimetallic/Polyaniline Nanocomposite as a Transducer in a Solid Contact
Potentiometric Sensor for the Determination of Vildagliptin.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Abdallah NA, Ahmed SA, Almaghrabi M, Alahmadi YM.
abstract(hide)  article
Current fundamental electrochemical research shows the potential of utilizing
polymeric nanostructured materials as ion-to-electron transducers. In this
paper, aniline was polymerized in the presence of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to
yield a bimetallic/PANI nanocomposite. It was applied as a transducer in a
carbon paste electrode for the potentiometric determination of vildagliptin in
the presence of 18-crown-6-ether as a recognition element. The electrode's
potentiometric performance was studied according to the IUPAC guidelines. It
exhibited a wide linearity range of 1 × 10-2 M to 1 × 10-8 M, remarkable
sensitivity (LOD of 4.5 × 10-9 M), and a fast response time of 10 s ± 1.3. The
sensor did not show any potential drift due to the absence of the water layer
between the carbon paste and the metallic conductor. This endowed the sensor
with high stability and a long lifetime, as 137 days passed without the need to
change the carbon paste surface. The electrode was utilized for the
determination of the concentration of vildagliptin in bulk, pharmaceutical
tablets, and human plasma, with average recovery ranging from 97.65% to 100.03%.
(hide) Production of Mineral-Carbon Composites and Activated Carbons as a Method
of Used Gear Oil, Ashes, and Low-Quality Brown Coals Management.
2023, Molecules, Wiśniewska M, Sadłowska A, Herda K, Urban T, Nowicki P.
abstract(hide)  article
The main objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of the low-quality
brown coal, ash obtained as a result of its combustion, as well as used gear oil
for the production of mineral-carbon adsorbents. The adsorbents were
characterized in terms of textural parameters, acidic-basic character of the
surface, mineral matter contribution to the structure, as well as their
suitability for drinking water purification. Adsorption tests were carried out
against two synthetic dyes-methylene blue and methyl orange. In order to
understand the nature of the organic pollutants adsorption, the effect of the
initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH of the system as well as the
phase contact time were investigated. The obtained mineral-carbon composite and
activated carbons significantly differed not only in terms of the elemental
composition and chemical character of the surface (from slightly acidic to
strongly alkaline), but also showed a very diverse degree of specific surface
development (from 21 to 656 m2/g) and the type of porous structure generated
(from micro/mesoporous to typically mesoporous). Adsorption tests showed that
the efficiency of organic dye removal from aqueous solutions primarily depends
on the type of the adsorbent and adsorbate applied, and, to a lesser extent, on
the temperature and pH of the system. In turn, kinetic studies have shown that
the sorption of dyes on such materials is consistent with a pseudo-second-order
kinetics model, regardless of the type of adsorbed dye. (hide) Radiolabeling of
Micro-/Nanoplastics via In-Diffusion.
2023, Nanomaterials (Basel), Stricker A, Hilpmann S, Mansel A, Franke K,
Schymura S.
abstract(hide)  article
Micro- and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants with a concerning persistence in
the environment. Research into their environmental impact requires addressing
challenges related to sensitively and selectively detecting them in complex
ecological media. One solution with great potential for alleviating these issues
is using radiolabeling strategies. Here, we report the successful introduction
of a 64Cu radiotracer into common microplastics, namely polyethylene,
polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyamide, and polyvinylidene
dichloride, which allows the sensitive detection of mere nanograms of substance.
Utilizing a Hansen Solubility Parameter screening, we developed a swelling and
in-diffusion process for tetraphenylporphyrin-complexed 64Cu, which permits
one-pot labeling of polymer particles. (hide) see more...
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Metformin HCl-loaded transethosomal gel; development, characterization, and
antidiabetic potential evaluation in the diabetes-induced rat model.
2023, Drug Deliv, Nousheen K, Din FU, Jamshaid H, Afza R, Khan SU, Malik M, Ali
Z, Batool S, Zeb A, Yousaf AM, Almari AH, Alqahtani S, Khan S, Khan GM.
abstract(hide)  article
Herein we designed, optimized, and characterized the Metformin Hydrochloride
Transethosomes (MTF-TES) and incorporate them into Chitosan gel to develop
Metformin Hydrochloride loaded Transethosomal gel (MTF-TES gel) that provides a
sustained release, improved transdermal flux and improved antidiabetic response
of MTF. Design Expert® software (Ver. 12, Stat-Ease, USA) was applied for the
statistical optimization of MTF-TES. The formulation with Mean Particle Size
Distribution (MPSD) of 165.4 ± 2.3 nm, Zeta Potential (ZP) of -21.2 ± 1.9 mV,
Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.169 ± 0.033, and MTF percent Entrapment
Efficiency (%EE) of 89.76 ± 4.12 was considered to be optimized. To check the
chemical incompatibility among the MTF and other formulation components, Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed and demonstrated with no
chemical interaction. Surface morphology, uniformity, and segregation were
evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was revealed that
the nanoparticles were spherical and round in form with intact borders. The
fabricated MTF-TES has shown sustained release followed by a more pronounced
effect in MTF-TES gel as compared to the plain MTF solution (MTFS) at a pH of
7.4. The MTF-TES has shown enhanced permeation followed by MTF-TES gel as
compared to the MTFS at a pH of 7.4. In vivo antidiabetic assay was performed
and results have shown improved antidiabetic potential of the MTF-TES gel, in
contrast to MTF-gel. Conclusively, MTF-TES is a promising anti-diabetic
candidate for transdermal drug delivery that can provide sustained MTF release
and enhanced antidiabetic effect. (hide) Molecular Evidence of Breast Cancer
Cell Proliferation Inhibition by a Combination of Selected Qatari Medicinal
Plants Crude Extracts.
2023, Nutrients, Alateyah N, Alsafran M, Usman K, Ouhtit A.
abstract(hide)  article
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy, and conventional medicine has
failed to establish efficient treatment modalities. Conventional medicine failed
due to lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the onset and
metastasis of tumors, as well as resistance to treatment regimen. However,
Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) modalities are currently drawing
the attention of both the public and health professionals. Our study examined
the effect of a super-combination (SC) of crude extracts, which were isolated
from three selected Qatari medicinal plants, on the proliferation, motility and
death of BC cells. Our results revealed that SC attenuated cell growth and
caused the cell death of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells when compared to human normal
neonatal fibroblast cells. On the other hand, functional assays showed that SC
reduced BC cell migration and invasion, respectively. SC-inhibited cell cycle
and SC-regulated apoptosis was most likely mediated by p53/p21 pathway and
p53-regulated Bax/BCL-2/Caspace-3 pathway. Our ongoing experiments aim to
validate these in vitro findings in vivo using a BC-Xenograft mouse model. These
findings support our hypothesis that SC inhibited BC cell proliferation and
induced apoptosis. These findings lay the foundation for further experiments,
aiming to validate SC as an effective chemoprevention and/or chemotherapeutic
strategy that can ultimately pave the way towards translational
research/clinical trials for the eradication of BC. (hide) Physicochemical
Pretreatment of Vietnamosasa pusilla for Bioethanol and Xylitol Production.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Wongleang S, Premjet D, Premjet S.
abstract(hide)  article
The consumption of fossil fuels has resulted in severe environmental
consequences, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Therefore,
transitioning to alternative energy sources, such as cellulosic ethanol, is a
promising strategy for reducing environmental impacts and promoting sustainable
low-carbon energy. Vietnamosasa pusilla, an invasive weed, has been recognized
as a high potential feedstock for sugar-based biorefineries due to its high
total carbohydrate content, including glucan (48.1 ± 0.3%) and xylan (19.2 ±
0.4%). This study aimed to examine the impact of NaOH pretreatment-assisted
autoclaving on V. pusilla feedstock. The V. pusilla enzymatic hydrolysate was
used as a substrate for bioethanol and xylitol synthesis. After treating the
feedstock with varying concentrations of NaOH at different temperatures, the
glucose and xylose recovery yields were substantially higher than those of the
untreated material. The hydrolysate generated by enzymatic hydrolysis was
fermented into bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339. The liquid
byproduct of ethanol production was utilized by Candida tropicalis TISTR 5171 to
generate xylitol. The results of this study indicate that the six- and
five-carbon sugars of V. pusilla biomass have great potential for the production
of two value-added products (bioethanol and xylitol). (hide) In Vitro Enzyme
Kinetics and NMR-Based Product Elucidation for Glutathione S-Conjugation of the
Anticancer Unsymmetrical Bisacridine C-2028 in Liver Microsomes and Cytosol:
Major Role of Glutathione S-Transferase M1-1 Isoenzyme.
2023, Molecules, Potęga A, Rafalska D, Kazimierczyk D, Kosno M, Pawłowicz A,
Andrałojć W, Paluszkiewicz E, Laskowski T.
abstract(hide)  article
This work is the next step in studying the interplay between C-2028
(anticancer-active unsymmetrical bisacridine developed in our group) and the
glutathione S-transferase/glutathione (GST/GSH) system. Here, we analyzed the
concentration- and pH-dependent GSH conjugation of C-2028 in rat liver
microsomes and cytosol. We also applied three recombinant human GST isoenzymes,
which altered expression was found in various tumors. The formation of GSH
S-conjugate of C-2028 in liver subfractions followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
We found that C-2028 was conjugated with GSH preferentially by GSTM1-1,
revealing a sigmoidal kinetic model. Using a colorimetric assay (MTT test), we
initially assessed the cellular GST/GSH-dependent biotransformation of C-2028 in
relation to cytotoxicity against Du-145 human prostate cancer cells in the
presence or absence of the modulator of GSH biosynthesis. Pretreatment of cells
with buthionine sulfoximine resulted in a cytotoxicity decrease, suggesting a
possible GSH-mediated bioactivation process. Altogether, our results confirmed
the importance of GSH conjugation in C-2028 metabolism, which humans must
consider when planning a treatment strategy. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy elucidated the structure of the GSH-derived product of C-2028.
Hence, synthesizing the compound standard necessary for further advanced
biological and bioanalytical investigations will be achievable. (hide)
Antioxidant Properties and Secondary Metabolites Profile of Hyptis colombiana at
Various Phenological Stages.
2023, Molecules, Beltrán SB, Sierra LJ, Fernández-Alonso JL, Romero AK, Martínez
JR, Stashenko EE.
abstract(hide)  article
Hyptis colombiana (Lamiaceae family), a species also treated as Cantinoa
colombiana in a recently segregated genus from Hyptis, is a perennial herb or
subshrub native to the Andes of northern South America. H. colombiana leaves are
commonly used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory and digestive
illnesses. In this study, H. colombiana plants at different phenological stages
(vegetative, flowering, and post-flowering) were harvested to obtain essential
oils (EOs) and extracts (from fresh plant materials or post-distillation waste)
whose chemical compositions and antioxidant activities were determined. H.
colombiana EOs distilled by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation were analyzed
by GC/MS/FID, and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from fresh plant materials or
post-distillation waste were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI+/--Orbitrap-MS. The
antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ABTS+• and ORAC assays. The principal
compounds found in EOs were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (65%); specifically,
(E)-β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. Pyranone, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and
p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the main constituents in H. colombiana extracts.
After analyzing the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (ORAC) of EOs
and hydroethanolic extracts from flowering H. colombiana plants, minimal
variations were found. It is advisable to harvest H. colombiana plants during
their flowering stage to acquire EOs and extracts that can be utilized in the
agro-industry of EOs and their natural derivatives. (hide) Phenolic Compounds
and Capsaicinoids in Three Capsicum annuum Varieties: From Analytical
Characterization to In Silico Hypotheses on Biological Activity.
2023, Molecules, Giordano D, Facchiano A, Minasi P, D'Agostino N, Parisi M,
Carbone V.
abstract(hide)  article
The affinity of specific phenolic compounds (PCs) and capsaicinoids (CAPs)
present in three Capsicum annuum varieties (Friariello, Cayenne and Dzuljunska
Sipka) to the transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) was
investigated by integrating an analytic approach for the simultaneous extraction
and analysis through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion
trap mass spectrometry (HPLC/ITMS) and UV detection (HPLC-UV) of PCs and CAPs
and structural bioinformatics based on the protein modelling and molecular
simulations of protein-ligand docking. Overall, a total of 35 compounds were
identified in the different samples and CAPs were quantified. The highest
content of total polyphenols was recorded in the pungent Dzuljunska Sipka
variety (8.91 ± 0.05 gGAE/Kg DW) while the lowest was found in the non-pungent
variety Friariello (3.58 ± 0.02 gGAE/Kg DW). Protein modelling generated for the
first time a complete model of the homotetrameric human TRPV1, and it was used
for docking simulations with the compounds detected via the analytic approach,
as well as with other compounds, as an inhibitor reference. The simulations
indicate that different capsaicinoids can interact with the receptor, providing
details on the molecular interaction, with similar predicted binding energy
values. These results offer new insights into the interaction of capsaicinoids
with TRPV1 and their possible actions. (hide) Supplementation of Thymoquinone
Nanoparticles to Semen Extender Boosts Cryotolerance and Fertilizing Ability of
Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa.
2023, Animals (Basel), Khalil WA, Hassan MAE, El-Harairy MA, Abdelnour SA.
abstract(hide)  article
Thymoquinone nanoparticles (TQNPs) are broadly utilized in numerous
pharmaceutical applications. In the present study, we tested the effects of TQNP
supplementation on sperm quality and kinematics, acrosome exocytosis, oxidative
biomarkers, apoptosis-like and morphological changes of frozen-thawed buffalo
sperm, as well as the fertilizing capacity. Semen was collected from buffalo
bulls, diluted (1:10; semen/extender), and divided into five aliquots comprising
various concentrations of TQNP 0 (CON), 12.5 (TQNP12.5), 25 (TQNP25), 37.5
(TQNP37.5), and 50 (TQNP50) µg/mL, and then cryopreserved and stored in liquid
nitrogen (-196 °C). The results revealed that TQNPs (25 to 50 µg/mL) provided
the most optimal results in terms of membrane integrity (p 0.001) and
progressive motility (p 0.01). In contrast, TQNP50 resulted in a greater
post-thawed sperm viability (p = 0.02) compared with other groups. The addition
of TQNPs to the extender had no discernible effects on sperm morphology
measures. Sperm kinematic motion was significantly improved in the TQNP50 group
compared to the control group (p 2O2 and MDA levels and improved the total
antioxidant capacity of post-thawed extended semen (p 0.01). The addition of
TQNP significantly increased the number of intact acrosomes (p 0.0001) and
decreased the number of exocytosed acrosomes (p 0.0001). A significant reduction
in apoptosis-like changes was observed in TQNP groups. The non-return rates of
buffalo cows inseminated with TQNP50-treated spermatozoa were higher than those
in the control group (p 0.05; 88% vs. 72%). These findings suggested that the
freezing extender supplemented with TQNPs could effectively enhance the
cryotolerance and fertility of buffalo sperm. (hide) Polyphenol Analysis via
LC-MS-ESI and Potent Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial
Activities of Jatropha multifida L. Extracts Used in Benin Pharmacopoeia.
2023, Life (Basel), Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Chokki M, Agossou EA, Houédanou JB,
Nounagnon M, Sina H, Vulturar R, Heghes SC, Cozma A, Mavoungou JF, Fodor A,
Baba-Moussa F, Suharoschi R, Baba-Moussa L.
abstract(hide)  article
Jatropha multifida L., a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family, is commonly used
in Benin's traditional medicine due to its therapeutic benefits. This study aims
to explore the medicinal efficacy of Jatropha multifida L. by evaluating its
various biological activities. An initial phytochemical analysis was conducted,
following which the polyphenols and flavonoids were quantified and identified
using LC-MS-ESI. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts was tested using
agar diffusion. Their antioxidant capacity was assessed using several methods:
DPPH radical reduction, ABTS radical cation reduction, ferric ion (FRAP)
reduction, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Anti-inflammatory activity was
determined based on the inhibition of protein (specifically albumin)
denaturation. The study identified several phenolic and flavonoid compounds,
including 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, o-Coumaroylquinic acid,
Apigenin-apiosyl-glucoside, and luteolin-galactoside. Notably, the extracts of
J. multifida demonstrated bactericidal effects against a range of pathogens,
with Concentration Minimally Bactericidal (CMB) values ranging from 22.67 mg/mL
(for organisms such as S. aureus and C. albicans) to 47.61 mg/mL (for E. coli).
Among the extracts, the ethanolic variant displayed the most potent DPPH radical
scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 0.72 ± 0.03 mg/mL. In contrast, the
methanolic extract was superior in ferric ion reduction, registering 46.23 ±
1.10 µgEAA/g. Interestingly, the water-ethanolic extract surpassed others in the
ABTS reduction method with a score of 0.49 ± 0.11 mol ET/g and also showcased
the highest albumin denaturation inhibition rate of 97.31 ± 0.35% at a
concentration of 1000 µg/mL. In conclusion, the extracts of Jatropha multifida
L. are enriched with bioactive compounds that exhibit significant biological
activities, underscoring their therapeutic potential. (hide) Multi-omic
characterisation as a tool to improve knowledge, valorisation and conservation
of wild fruit genetic resources: the case of Arbutus unedo L.
2023, Front Plant Sci, Tartaglia M, Scarano P, Prigioniero A, Zuzolo D,
Postiglione A, Falzarano A, Amoresano A, Illiano A, Pinto G, Schicchi R, Geraci
A, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C.
abstract(hide)  article
The valorisation and conservation of plant genetic resources (PGRs) and wild
fruit PGRs are critical to ensure the maintenance of genetic and cultural
heritage and to promote new perspectives on resource use. New strategies to
characterize PGRs are needed, and the omics approach can provide information
that is still largely unknown. The Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is an
underutilized, drought and fire-resistant species distributed in the
Mediterranean area and its berries have large ethnobotanical use. Although their
phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity are known, they are not well
characterised, particularly from a proteomic perspective. The aim of this work
is the characterisation of two ecotypes of A. unedo (Campania and Sicily) from a
molecular viewpoint to valorise and encourage the preservation of this wild
fruit. Samples were collected from two different geographical areas to assess
whether different geographical conditions could influence the characteristics of
leaves and fruits at the three stages of ripening (green, veraison, red).
Proteomic analysis identified 904 proteins, of which 122 showed significance
along the ripening. Some of these differentially abundant proteins, such as
chalcone synthase, show a marked increase during ripening. The protein
functional classes with the highest representation are involved in protein and
amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and in secondary metabolism. From a proteomic
perspective, there are no differences between the fruits from the two regions
compared by the ripening stage. However, the pedoclimatic metabolic imprinting
allowed the observation of good diversity in the metabolomic profiles between
the two ecotypes, especially for anthocyanins, 4 times more abundant in the
Sicilian veraisoned fruit than in the Campania one, and catechins, with double
the abundance in the Campania ecotype compared to the Sicilian ecotype in the
green phase, but more abundant (3x) in the Sicilian veraisoned fruit. Phenolic
compounds show a 20% greater abundance in the Campania green arbutus fruit than
in the Sicilian one, values that then equalise as ripening progresses.
Multi-omic characterisation enhanced the knowledge on a wild fruit plant species
which shows specific adaptations and responses to the environment to be
considered when addressing the issue of local agrobiodiversity. (hide) Solvent
Engineering for Nonpolar Substrate Glycosylation Catalyzed by the
UDP-Glucose-Dependent Glycosyltransferase UGT71E5: Intensification of the
Synthesis of 15-Hydroxy Cinmethylin β-d-Glucoside.
2023, J Agric Food Chem, Jung J, Liu H, Borg AJE, Nidetzky B.
abstract(hide)  article
Sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases are powerful catalysts of the
glycosylation of natural products and xenobiotics. The low solubility of the
aglycone substrate often limits the synthetic efficiency of the transformation
catalyzed. Here, we explored different approaches of solvent engineering for
reaction intensification of β-glycosylation of 15HCM (a C15-hydroxylated, plant
detoxification metabolite of the herbicide cinmethylin) catalyzed by safflower
UGT71E5 using UDP-glucose as the donor substrate. Use of a cosolvent (DMSO,
ethanol, and acetonitrile; ≤50 vol %) or a water-immiscible solvent (n-dodecane,
n-heptane, n-hexane, and 1-hexene) was ineffective due to enzyme activity and
stability, both impaired ≥10-fold compared to a pure aqueous solvent.
Complexation in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin enabled dissolution of 50 mM
15HCM while retaining the UGT71E5 activity (∼0.32 U/mg) and stability. Using
UDP-glucose recycling, 15HCM was converted completely, and 15HCM β-d-glucoside
was isolated in 90% yield (∼150 mg). Collectively, this study highlights the
requirement for a mild, enzyme-compatible strategy for aglycone solubility
enhancement in glycosyltransferase catalysis applied to glycoside synthesis.
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Utilization of a TiO2-CuO Bimetallic/Polyaniline Nanocomposite as a Transducer
in a Solid Contact Potentiometric Sensor for the Determination of Vildagliptin.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Abdallah NA, Ahmed SA, Almaghrabi M, Alahmadi YM.
abstract(hide)  article
Current fundamental electrochemical research shows the potential of utilizing
polymeric nanostructured materials as ion-to-electron transducers. In this
paper, aniline was polymerized in the presence of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to
yield a bimetallic/PANI nanocomposite. It was applied as a transducer in a
carbon paste electrode for the potentiometric determination of vildagliptin in
the presence of 18-crown-6-ether as a recognition element. The electrode's
potentiometric performance was studied according to the IUPAC guidelines. It
exhibited a wide linearity range of 1 × 10-2 M to 1 × 10-8 M, remarkable
sensitivity (LOD of 4.5 × 10-9 M), and a fast response time of 10 s ± 1.3. The
sensor did not show any potential drift due to the absence of the water layer
between the carbon paste and the metallic conductor. This endowed the sensor
with high stability and a long lifetime, as 137 days passed without the need to
change the carbon paste surface. The electrode was utilized for the
determination of the concentration of vildagliptin in bulk, pharmaceutical
tablets, and human plasma, with average recovery ranging from 97.65% to 100.03%.
(hide) Radiolabeling of Micro-/Nanoplastics via In-Diffusion.
2023, Nanomaterials (Basel), Stricker A, Hilpmann S, Mansel A, Franke K,
Schymura S.
abstract(hide)  article
Micro- and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants with a concerning persistence in
the environment. Research into their environmental impact requires addressing
challenges related to sensitively and selectively detecting them in complex
ecological media. One solution with great potential for alleviating these issues
is using radiolabeling strategies. Here, we report the successful introduction
of a 64Cu radiotracer into common microplastics, namely polyethylene,
polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyamide, and polyvinylidene
dichloride, which allows the sensitive detection of mere nanograms of substance.
Utilizing a Hansen Solubility Parameter screening, we developed a swelling and
in-diffusion process for tetraphenylporphyrin-complexed 64Cu, which permits
one-pot labeling of polymer particles. (hide) Sugar-Free, Vegan, Furcellaran
Gummy Jellies with Plant-Based Triple-Layer Films.
2023, Materials (Basel), Stępień A, Tkaczewska J, Nowak N, Grzebieniarz W, Goik
U, Żmudziński D, Jamróz E.
abstract(hide)  article
Increasing consumer awareness of the impact of nutrition on health and the
growing popularity of vegan diets are causing a need to look for new plant-based
formulations of standard confectionery products with high energy density and low
nutritional value, containing gelatin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
develop vegan and sugar-free gummy jellies based on an algae-derived
polysaccharide-furcellaran (FUR). Until now, FUR has not been used as a
gel-forming agent despite the fact that its structure-forming properties show
high potential in the production of vegan confectionery. The basic formulation
of gummy jellies included the addition of soy protein isolate and/or inulin. The
final product was characterized regarding its rheological, antioxidant,
mechanical and physicochemical properties. Eco-friendly packaging for the
jellies composed of a three-layer polymer film has also been developed. It was
observed that the highest values of textural parameters were obtained in jellies
containing the addition of soy protein isolate, whose positive effect was also
found on antioxidant activity. Before drying, all furcellaran-based gel systems
showed G' and G" values characteristic of strong elastic hydrogels. Storing
jellies for a week under refrigeration resulted in an increase in hardness, a
decrease in moisture content and reduced water activity values. Overall, our
study indicates the high potential of furcellaran both as a gelling agent in
confectionery products and as a base polymer for their packaging. (hide)
Development of Indicator Film Based on Cassava Starch-Chitosan Incorporated with
Red Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanins-Gambier Catechins to Detect Banana Ripeness.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Santoso VR, Pramitasari R, Anugrah DSB.
abstract(hide)  article
Banana ripeness is generally determined based on physical attributes, such as
skin color; however, it is considered subjective because it depends on
individual factors and lighting conditions. In addition, improper handling can
cause mechanical damage to the fruit. Intelligent packaging in the form of
indicator film incorporated with anthocyanins from red dragon fruit peel has
been applied for shrimp freshness detection; however, this film has low color
stability during storage, necessitating the addition of gambier catechins as a
co-pigment to increase anthocyanin stability. Nevertheless, the characteristics
of films that contain gambier catechins and their applications to bananas have
not been studied yet; therefore, this study aims to develop and characterize
indicator films that were incorporated with red dragon fruit peel anthocyanins
and gambier catechins to detect banana ripeness. In this study, the indicator
films were made via solvent casting. The films were characterized for their
structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, and then applied to
banana packaging. The results show that the film incorporated with anthocyanins
and catechins in a ratio of 1:40 (w/w) resulted in better color stability,
mechanical properties, light and water vapor barrier ability, and antioxidant
activity. The application of the indicator films to banana packaging resulted in
a change in color on the third day of storage. It can be concluded that these
films could potentially be used as an indicator to monitor banana ripeness.
(hide) Development of Large Hollow Particles for Pulmonary Delivery of
Cyclosporine A.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Huang Y, Tang H, Meng X, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Liu D, Chen B, Zou
Z.
abstract(hide)  article
The purpose of this study was to prepare large hollow particles (LHPs) by spray
drying for pulmonary delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA), using L-Leucine (LEU) and
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as excipients and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)
as a porogen. The prepared LHPs were spherical particles composed of both CsA
and LEU on the surface and HPMC on the inner layer. The formulation of
CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB as typical LHPs showed excellent in vitro aerodynamic
performance with a minimum mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.15 μm.
The solubility of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was about 5.5-fold higher than that of raw
CsA, and the dissolution of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB suggested that the drug was
released within 1 h. The cell viability of the A549 cell line showed that
CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was safe for delivering CsA to the lungs. In addition,
inhalation administration of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB with the Cmax and AUC0-∞
increasing by about 2-fold and 2.8-fold compared with the oral administration of
Neoral® could achieve therapeutic drug concentrations with lower systemic
exposure and significantly improve the in vivo bioavailability of CsA. From
these findings, the LHPs, with the advantage of avoiding alveolar macrophage
clearance, could be a viable choice for delivering CsA by inhalation
administration relative to oral administration. (hide) Detergent Dissolution
Intensification via Energy-Efficient Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactors.
2023, ACS Omega, Maleki M, Rokhsar Talabazar F, Seyedmirzaei Sarraf S, Sheibani
Aghdam A, Bayraktar S, Tuzcuoğlu E, Koşar A, Ghorbani M.
abstract(hide)  article
In this study, we explored the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for use
in dissolution of liquid and powder detergents. For this, microfluidic and
polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tube HC reactors with different configurations
were employed, and the results from the reactors were compared with a magnetic
stirrer, as well as a tergotometer. According to our results PEEK tube HC
reactors present the best performance for dissolution of liquid and powder
detergents. In the case of liquid detergent, for the same level of initial
concentration and comparable final dissolution, the PEEK tube consumed 16.7 and
70% of the energy and time of a tergotometer and 16.7 and 14.8% of that of a
magnetic stirrer, respectively. In the case of powder detergent, the PEEK tube
used 12% less power than a tergotometer and 81.2% less power than a magnetic
stirrer. Additionally, the time required to dissolve the detergent was reduced
significantly from 1200 s in the tergotometer and 1800 s in the magnetic stirrer
to just 50 s in the PEEK tube. These results suggest that HC could significantly
improve the dissolution rate of liquid and powder detergents and energy
consumption in washing machines. (hide) Exploring the potential of magnesium
oxychloride, an amorphous magnesium phosphate, and newberyite as possible bone
cement candidates.
2023, J Biomater Appl, Kaiser F, Schröter L, Wohlfahrt P, Geroneit I, Murek J,
Stahlhut P, Weichhold J, Ignatius A, Gbureck U.
abstract(hide)  article
Magnesium phosphate-based bone cements, particularly struvite
(MgNH4PO4∙6H2O)-forming cements, have attracted increased scientific interest in
recent years because they exhibit similar biocompatibility to hydroxyapatite
while degrading much more rapidly in vivo. However, other magnesium-based
minerals which might be promising are, to date, little studied. Therefore, in
this study, we investigated three magnesium-based bone cements: a magnesium
oxychloride cement (Mg3(OH)5Cl∙4H2O), an amorphous magnesium phosphate cement
based on Mg3(PO4)2, MgO, and NaH2PO4, and a newberyite cement (MgHPO4·3H2O).
Because it is not sufficiently clear from the literature to what extent these
cements are suitable for clinical use, all of them were characterized and
optimized regarding setting time, setting temperature, compressive strength and
passive degradation in phosphate-buffered saline. Because the in vitro
properties of the newberyite cement were most promising, it was orthotopically
implanted into a partially weight-bearing tibial bone defect in sheep. The
cement exhibited excellent biocompatibility and degraded more rapidly compared
to a hydroxyapatite reference cement; after 4 months, 18% of the cement was
degraded. We conclude that the newberyite cement was the most promising
candidate of the investigated cements and has clear advantages over calcium
phosphate cements, especially in terms of setting time and degradation behavior.
(hide) Combined Effect of Citric Acid and Polyphenol-Rich Grape Seed Extract
towards Bioactive Smart Food Packaging Systems.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Pažarauskaitė A, Noriega Fernández E, Sone I, Sivertsvik
M, Sharmin N.
abstract(hide)  article
Alginate films (2% w·v-1) were prepared with varying concentrations (5-20% w/w)
of citric acid and aqueous grape seed extract (GSE) filtrate (11.66 ± 1.32 g
GAE/L) using the solvent-evaporation method. Crosslinking alginate via ester
bonds (FTIR analysis) with citric acid up to 10% (w/w) led to a 33% increase in
tensile strength, a 34% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and
had no impact on elongation at break. Crosslinking alginate with citric acid in
the presence of GSE increased the tensile strength by 17%, decreased WVTR by
21%, and significantly improved DPPH scavenging activity. Moreover, after
incubation for 24 h at 37 °C, the film-forming solutions exhibited increased
antimicrobial activity, resulting in 0.5- and 2.5-log reductions for Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to the values obtained
without the addition of GSE. The stronger inhibitory effect observed against
Gram-positive bacteria can be attributed to the unique composition and structure
of their cell walls, which creates a barrier that restricts the penetration of
polyphenols into the cells. The pH adjustment of the GSE film-forming solution
from 2.0 to 10.0 shifted the UV/VIS absorption spectra, resulting in a colour
change from yellow to red. The findings of this study have showcased the
potential of combining GSE and citric acid to enhance the functionality and
bioactivity of alginate films for applications in smart food packaging. (hide)
Engineering the Morphostructural Properties and Drug Loading Degree of
Organic-Inorganic Fluorouracil-MgAl LDH Nanohybrids by Rational Control of
Hydrothermal Treatment.
2023, ACS Omega, Ibanescu A, Olariu DI, Lutic D, Hulea V, Dragoi B.
abstract(hide)  article
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or hydrotalcite-like compounds have attracted
great attention for the delivery of anticancer drugs due to their 2D structure,
exhibiting a high surface-to-volume ratio and a high chemical versatility. The
drug is protected between the layers from which it is slowly released, thus
increasing the therapeutic effect and minimizing the side effects associated to
nonspecific targeting. This work aimed to design LDHs with Mg and Al (molar
ratio of 2/1) in brucite-like layers, which retained fluorouracil (5-FU; 5-FU/Al
= 1, molar ratio) in the interlayer gallery as the layers grow during the
co-precipitation step of the synthesis. To rationally control the
physicochemical properties, particularly the size of the crystallites, the aging
step following the co-precipitation was performed under carefully controlled
conditions by changing the time and temperature (i.e., 25 °C for 16 h, 100 °C
for 16 h, and 120 °C for 24 h). The results revealed the achievement of the
control of the size of the crystals, which are gathered in three different
agglomeration systems, from tight to loose, as well as the loading degree of the
drug in the final organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. The role played by the
factors and parameters affecting the drug-controlled release was highlighted by
assessing the release behavior of 5-FU by changing the pH, solid mass/volume
ratio, and ionic strength. The results showed a pH-dependent behavior but not
necessarily in a direct proportionality. After a certain limit, the mass of the
solid diminishes the rate of release, whereas the ionic strength is essential
for the payload discharge. (hide) Interactive Effects of Ceftriaxone and
Chitosan Immobilization on the Production of Arachidonic Acid by and the
Microbiome of the Chlorophyte Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Vasilieva S, Lukyanov A, Antipova C, Grigoriev T, Lobakova
E, Chivkunova O, Scherbakov P, Zaytsev P, Gorelova O, Fedorenko T, Kochkin D,
Solovchenko A.
abstract(hide)  article
Pharmaceuticals including antibiotics are among the hazardous micropollutants
(HMP) of the environment. Incomplete degradation of the HMP leads to their
persistence in water bodies causing a plethora of deleterious effects.
Conventional wastewater treatment cannot remove HMP completely and a promising
alternative comprises biotechnologies based on microalgae. The use of
immobilized microalgae in environmental biotechnology is advantageous since
immobilized cultures allow the recycling of the microalgal cells, support higher
cell densities, and boost tolerance of microalgae to stresses including HMP.
Here, we report on a comparative study of HMP (exemplified by the antibiotic
ceftriaxone, CTA) removal by suspended and chitosan-immobilized cells of
Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 in flasks and in a column bioreactor. The removal
of CTA added in the concentration of 20 mg/L was as high as 65% (in the flasks)
or 85% (in the bioreactor). The adsorption on the carrier and abiotic oxidation
were the main processes contributing 65-70% to the total CTA removal, while both
suspended and immobilized cells took up 25-30% of CTA. Neither the
immobilization nor CTA affected the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ARA) by
Lobosphaera sp. during bioreactor tests but the subsequent nitrogen deprivation
increased ARA accumulation 2.5 and 1.7 times in the suspended and
chitosan-immobilized microalgae, respectively. The study of the Lobosphaera sp.
microbiome revealed that the immobilization of chitosan rather than the CTA
exposure was the main factor displacing the taxonomic composition of the
microbiome. The possibility and limitations of the use of chitosan-immobilized
Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 for HMP removal coupled with the production of
valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is discussed. (hide) see more...
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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology: Reaction
Studies for the Manufacture of Sulfonate-Stabilized Calcium Carbonate Particles.
2023, Ind Eng Chem Res, Kathyola TA, Chang SY, Willneff EA, Willis CJ, Cibin G,
Wilson P, Kroner AB, Shotton EJ, Dowding PJ, Schroeder SLM.
abstract(hide)  article
Process analytical technologies are widely used to inform process control by
identifying relationships between reagents and products. Here, we present a
novel process analytical technology system for operando XAS on multiphase
multicomponent synthesis processes based on the combination of a conventional
lab-scale agitated reactor with a liquid-jet cell. The preparation of
sulfonate-stabilized CaCO3 particles from polyphasic Ca(OH)2 dispersions was
monitored in real time by Ca K-edge XAS to identify changes in Ca speciation in
the bulk solution/dispersion as a function of time and process conditions.
Linear combination fitting of the spectra quantitatively resolved composition
changes from the initial conversion of Ca(OH)2 to the Ca(R-SO3)2 surfactant to
the ultimate formation of nCaCO3·mCa(R- SO3)2 particles. The system provides a
novel tool with strong chemical specificity for probing multiphase synthesis
processes at a molecular level, providing an avenue to establishing the
relationships between critical quality attributes of a process and the quality
and performance of the product. (hide) Aceclofenac/Citronellol Oil Nanoemulsion
Repurposing Study: Formulation, In Vitro Characterization, and In Silico
Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity against
Melanoma Cell Line.
2023, Biomedicines, Younis MK, Khalil IA, Younis NS, Fakhr Eldeen RR, Abdelnaby
RM, Aldeeb RA, Taha AA, Hassan DH.
abstract(hide)  article
Aceclofenac (ACF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
known for its effectiveness in treating pain and inflammation. Recent studies
have demonstrated that ACF possesses antiproliferative properties, inhibiting
the growth of cancer cells in various cancer cell lines. Citronellol, a
monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils, exhibits antioxidant properties
and activities such as inhibiting cell growth and acetylcholinesterase
inhibition. In this study, the objective was to formulate and evaluate an
aceclofenac/citronellol oil nanoemulsion for its antiproliferative effects on
melanoma. The optimal concentrations of citronellol oil, Tween 80, and
Transcutol HP were determined using a pseudoternary phase diagram. The
formulated nanoemulsions were characterized for droplet size, zeta potential,
thermophysical stability, and in vitro release. The selected formula (F1)
consisted of citronellol oil (1 gm%), Tween 80 (4 gm%), and Transcutol HP (1
gm%). F1 exhibited a spherical appearance with high drug content, small droplet
size, and acceptable negative zeta potential. The amorphous state of the drug in
the nanoemulsion was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, while FTIR
analysis indicated its homogenous solubility. The nanoemulsion showed
significant antiproliferative activity, with a lower IC50 value compared to
aceclofenac or citronellol alone. Flow cytometric analysis revealed cell cycle
arrest and increased apoptosis induced by the nanoemulsion. In silico studies
provided insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the observed antitumor
activity. In conclusion, the developed aceclofenac/citronellol oil nanoemulsion
exhibited potent cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects, suggesting its
potential as a repurposed antiproliferative agent for melanoma treatment. In a
future plan, further animal model research for validation is suggested. (hide)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Isolation: An Optimized Approach into Cells and Mouse
Liver Fractionation.
2023, Bio Protoc, Leiro M, Ventura R, Rojo-Querol N, Hernández-Alvarez MI.
abstract(hide)  article
The subfractionation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a widely used
technique in cell biology. However, current protocols present limitations such
as low yield, the use of large number of dishes, and contamination with other
organelles. Here, we describe an improved method for ER subfractionation that
solves other reported methods' main limitations of being time consuming and
requiring less starting material. Our protocol involves a combination of
different centrifugations and special buffer incubations as well as a fine-tuned
method for homogenization followed by western blotting to confirm the purity of
the fractions. This protocol contains a method to extract clean ER samples from
cells using only five (150 mm) dishes instead of over 50 plates needed in other
protocols. In addition, in this article we not only propose a new cell
fractionation approach but also an optimized method to isolate pure ER fractions
from one mouse liver instead of three, which are commonly used in other
protocols. The protocols described here are optimized for time efficiency and
designed for seamless execution in any laboratory, eliminating the need for
special/patented reagents. Key features • Subcellular fractionation from cells
and mouse liver. • Uses only five dishes (150 mm) or one mouse liver to extract
highly enriched endoplasmic reticulum without mitochondrial-associated membrane
contamination. • These protocols require the use of ultracentrifuges, dounce
homogenizers, and/or Teflon Potter Elvehjem. As a result, highly enriched/clean
samples are obtained. Graphical overview. (hide) Utilization of red and yellow
Coffea arabica var. Caturra pulp: macronutrient analysis, carotenoid extraction,
and encapsulation for dairy product enrichment.
2023, Front Nutr, Rojas-Orduña E, Hernández-Carrión M, Gómez-Franco JD,
Narváez-Cuenca CE, Sánchez-Camargo ADP.
abstract(hide)  article
This study aimed to investigate the macronutrient and carotenoid content of red
and yellow Coffea arabica var. Caturra pulp, a by-product of coffee processing
in Colombia. The study employed ultra-sound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract
carotenoids, and a 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of pulp
color, biomass-solvent ratio, and solvent mixture composition on carotenoid
content and extraction yield. The condition that provided the highest carotenoid
extraction was further encapsulated by spray drying and added to a dairy
product. The results showed that coffee pulp has significant dietary fiber
content and high levels of carotenoids, with yellow pulp having a higher content
than red pulp. Lutein isomers and lutein esters were the most abundant
carotenoids found in both red and yellow coffee pulp. The highest carotenoid
extraction was achieved using a 1:40 (g/mL) biomass:solvent ratio and a 20:80%
v/v Ethanol:Ethyl Acetate solvent mixture for the yellow pulp. The carotenoid
extract also demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (46.57 ± 4.03%) and was
found to be stable when added to a fermented milk product. This study presents
an alternative solution for utilizing coffee by-products in Colombia, which
could positively impact the families of over half a million Colombian coffee
producers. (hide) Shortening replacement by emulsion and foam template
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based oleogels in puff pastry dough.
Rheological and texture properties.
2023, Curr Res Food Sci, Wang Q, Espert M, Salvador A, Sanz T.
abstract(hide)  article
Shortening plays an essential function in the formulation of sweet laminated
bakery products, but has a potential health risk due to their high percentage of
saturated fatty acids. In this paper, the feasibility of hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC) oleogels prepared with emulsion template (ET) and foam
template (FT) approaches as fat sources in a puff pastry dough was investigated.
Spreadability and thermal properties of control shortening, 100% ET and FT
oleogels and shortening/oleogel (50/50) blends were measured. The different
systems were applied as the fat source in a puff pastry dough, and their effect
on rheological and texture properties was investigated. Results showed that
partial replacement of shortening with oleogels could significantly decrease the
firmness values (from 115 to 26 N) (P < 0.05) and increased the spreadability of
shortening. The methodology to prepare the oleogel (FT or ET) also significantly
affected the texture parameters. FT blends had the highest spreadability with
significantly lower firmness values and area under the curve. Thermal values
showed that both oleogels could slightly increase the melting point of
shortening from 47 to 50 °C. The replacement of shortening with oleogel
decreases the viscoelasticity of puff pastry dough and increases its thermal
stability but does not significantly change dough viscoelasticity in the
shortening/oleogel mixture. These results indicated that both oleogels have
promising potential to replace shortening in puff pastry dough formulations, but
the ET oleogel showed a more similar behavior to the control shortening than the
FT oleogel. (hide) Natural Oils Enhance the Topical Delivery of Ketoconazole by
Nanoemulgel for Fungal Infections.
2023, ACS Omega, Ahmad I, Farheen M, Kukreti A, Afzal O, Akhter MH, Chitme H,
Visht S, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Alsulami ER, Jaremko M, Emwas AH.
abstract(hide)  article
Nanoemulgel (NEG) pharmaceutical formulations are gaining popularity because of
their ability to serve both as a nanoemulsion and as a gel. These products are
well-known for their ease of use, spreadability, controlled release, and ability
to hydrate dry skin. Natural essential oils have been shown to promote the
cutaneous permeability of topical formulations, enhancing medication safety and
efficacy. Herein, we developed NEG for the enhanced permeation of ketoconazole
against candidiasis using clove oil (clove-oil-NEG) or eucalyptus oil
(eucalyptus-oil-NEG), using the gelling agents carbopol 943 and hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC). We tested various excipients to increase the solubility
of ketoconazole and formulate a nanoemulsion (NE). We measured the NE droplet
particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Furthermore, the
physicochemical properties of the optimized nanoemulsion formulation were
characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The NEs were loaded into gels
to form NEGs. NEGs were characterized for drug content, homogeneity, rheology,
spreadability, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, both in vitro
and in vivo. Optimized ketoconazole NEG preparations consisted of either 15%
clove oil or 20% eucalyptus oil. Droplet sizes in the optimized NEs were -2,
respectively. The ketoconazole NEG formulations also had higher levels of fungal
growth inhibition than a marketed formulation. Finally, in vivo studies showed
that the NEGs do not irritate the skin. Ketoconazole NEG with either 15% clove
oil or 20% eucalyptus oil is stable with better efficacy than ketoconazole alone
due to excellent dispersion, drug dissolution, and permeability and thus might
be recommended for the effective and safe treatment of candidiasis. (hide)
Preparation and Characterisation of Acid-Base-Change-Sensitive Binary Biopolymer
Films with Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Nano/Microcapsules and Added
Hibiscus Extract.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Janik M, Khachatryan K, Khachatryan G, Krystyjan M, Żarska
S, Ciesielski W.
abstract(hide)  article
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterise bionanocomposites
based on chitosan (CHIT) and alginate (ALG) in two series, which were
subsequently functionalised with emulsions based on a combination of water, oil,
ozonated oil and hibiscus flower extracts. The structure and morphology of the
materials produced were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet and visible light
(UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, along with a surface colour analysis and the
determination of the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting
composites. Functionalisation did affect the analysed composite parameters. The
FTIR spectra indicated that the polysaccharide matrix components were
compatible. The SEM images also confirmed the presence of nano/microcapsules in
the polysaccharide matrix. The obtained results indicate that the order of
adding polysaccharides has a significant impact on the encapsulation capacity.
The encapsulation resulted in the improved thermal stability of the composites.
The emissions analysis showed that the composites containing nano/microcapsules
are characterised by a higher emission intensity and are sensitive to acid or
base changes. Significant differences in emission intensity were observed even
at low concentrations of acids and bases. A drop in the mechanical properties
was observed following functionalisation. The results of this study suggest that
these bionanocomposites can be used as active and/or smart packaging materials.
(hide) Separation of n-Butanol from Aqueous Solutions via Pervaporation Using
PDMS/ZIF-8 Mixed-Matrix Membranes of Different Particle Sizes.
2023, Membranes (Basel), Zamani A, Thibault J, Tezel FH.
abstract(hide)  article
The use of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to facilitate the production of
biofuels has attracted significant research interest in the field of renewable
energy. In this study, the pervaporation separation of butanol from aqueous
solutions was studied using a series of MMMs, including zeolitic imidazolate
frameworks (ZIF-8)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and zinc oxide-PDMS mixed matrix
membranes. Although several studies have reported that mixed matrix membranes
incorporating ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed improved pervaporation performances
attributed to their intrinsic microporosity and high specific surface area, an
in-depth study on the role of ZIF-8 nanoparticle size in MMMs has not yet been
reported. In this study, different average sizes of ZIF-8 nanoparticles (30, 65,
and 80 nm) were synthesized, and the effects of particle size and particle
loading content on the performance of butanol separation using MMMs were
investigated. Furthermore, zinc oxide nanoparticles, as non-porous fillers with
the same metalcore as ZIF-8 but with a very different geometric shape, were used
to illustrate the importance of the particle geometry on the membrane
performance. Results showed that small-sized ZIF-8 nanoparticles have better
permeability and selectivity than medium and large-size ZIF-8 MMMs. While the
permeation flux increased continuously with an increase in the loading of
nanoparticles, the selectivity reached a maximum for MMM with 8 wt% smaller-size
ZIF-8 nanoparticle loading. The flux and butanol selectivity increased by 350%
and 6%, respectively, in comparison to those of neat PDMS membranes prepared in
this study. (hide) The Impact of Hypromellose on Pharmaceutical Properties of
Alginate Microparticles as Novel Drug Carriers for Posaconazole.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Kruk K, Szekalska M, Basa A, Winnicka K.
abstract(hide)  article
Fungal infections are a group of diseases which are challenging to treat because
of drug-resistant fungi species, drug toxicity, and often severe patient
conditions. Hence, research into new treatments, including new therapeutic
substances and novel drug delivery systems, is being performed. Mucoadhesive
dosage forms are beneficial to improving drug bioavailability by prolonging the
residence time at the site of application. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer
with favorable mucoadhesive and gelling properties, although its precipitation
in acidic pH significantly disrupts the process of drug release in gastric
conditions. Hypromellose is a hydrophilic, semi-synthetic cellulose derivative
with mucoadhesive properties, which is widely used as a control release agent in
pharmaceutical technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of
hypromellose on alginate microparticles with posaconazole, designed to modify
drug release and to improve their mucoadhesive properties for both oral or
vaginal application. (hide) Enhancing Wound Healing: A Novel Topical Emulsion
Combining CW49 Peptide and Lavender Essential Oil for Accelerated Regeneration
and Antibacterial Protection.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Jaramillo V, Díaz E, Muñoz LN, González-Barrios AF,
Rodríguez-Cortina J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C.
abstract(hide)  article
Wound healing is a complex process involving blood cells, extracellular matrix,
and parenchymal cells. Research on biomimetics in amphibian skin has identified
the CW49 peptide from Odorrana grahami, which has been demonstrated to promote
wound regeneration. Additionally, lavender essential oil exhibits
anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Given these considerations, we
propose an innovative emulsion that combines the CW49 peptide with lavender oil.
This novel formulation could serve as a potent topical treatment, potentially
fostering the regeneration of damaged tissues and providing robust antibacterial
protection for skin wounds. This study investigates the physicochemical
properties, biocompatibility, and in vitro regenerative capacity of the active
components and the emulsion. The results show that the emulsion possesses
appropriate rheological characteristics for topical application. Both the CW49
peptide and lavender oil exhibit high viability in human keratinocytes,
indicating their biocompatibility. The emulsion induces hemolysis and platelet
aggregation, an expected behavior for such topical treatments. Furthermore, the
lavender-oil emulsion demonstrates antibacterial activity against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Finally, the regenerative
potential of the emulsion and its active components is confirmed in a 2D wound
model using human keratinocytes. In conclusion, the formulated emulsion, which
combines the CW49 peptide and lavender oil, shows great promise as a topical
treatment for wound healing. Further research is needed to validate these
findings in more advanced in vitro models and in vivo settings, potentially
leading to improved wound-care management and novel therapeutic options for
patients with skin injuries. (hide) see more...
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High-resolution analysis of bound Ca2+ in neurons and synapses.
2024, Life Sci Alliance, Bonnin EA, Golmohammadi A, Rehm R, Tetzlaff C, Rizzoli
SO.
abstract(hide)  article
Calcium (Ca2+) is a well-known second messenger in all cells, and is especially
relevant for neuronal activity. Neuronal Ca2+ is found in different forms, with
a minority being freely soluble in the cell and more than 99% being bound to
proteins. Free Ca2+ has received much attention over the last few decades, but
protein-bound Ca2+ has been difficult to analyze. Here, we introduce correlative
fluorescence and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging as a tool to
describe bound Ca2+ As expected, bound Ca2+ is ubiquitous. It does not correlate
to free Ca2+ dynamics at the whole-neuron level, but does correlate
significantly to the intensity of markers for GABAergic pre-synapse and
glutamatergic post-synapses. In contrast, a negative correlation to pre-synaptic
activity was observed, with lower levels of bound Ca2+ observed in the more
active synapses. We conclude that bound Ca2+ may regulate neuronal activity and
should receive more attention in the future. (hide) Early selection of carrot
somatic hybrids: a promising tool for species with high regenerative ability.
2023, Plant Methods, Mackowska K, Stelmach-Wityk K, Grzebelus E.
abstract(hide)  article
BackgroundSince its discovery, somatic hybridization has been used to overcome
the sexual barriers between cultivated and wild species. A combination of two
somatic cells might provide a novel set of features, often of agronomical
importance. Here, we report a successful approach for production and selection
of interspecific somatic hybrid plants between cultivated and wild carrot using
dual-labelling of protoplasts and an early selection of fused cells via
micromanipulator. Both subspecies used in this study are characterised by a very
high regenerative ability in protoplast cultures. Thus, a precise and effective
method of hybrid selection is essential to assure the development and
regeneration of much less numerous heterokaryons in the post-fusion cell
mixture.ResultsElectrofusion parameters, such as alternating current and direct
current, were optimised for an efficient alignment of protoplasts and reversible
membrane breakdown followed by a cell fusion. Four hundred twenty-nine cells
emitting green-red fluorescence, identified as hybrids, were obtained.
Co-culture with donor-derived protoplasts in the alginate feeder layer system
stimulated re-synthesis of the cell wall and promoted cell divisions of fusants.
Somatic embryogenesis occurred in hybrid-derived microcalli cultures, followed
by plant regeneration. Regenerated hybrids produced yellowish storage roots and
leaves of an intermediate shape between cultivated and wild subspecies. The
intron length polymorphism analysis revealed that 123 of 124 regenerated plants
were hybrids.ConclusionsThe developed protocol for protoplast fusion and an
early selection of hybrids may serve as an alternative to combining genomes and
transferring nuclear or cytoplasmatic traits from wild Daucus species to
cultivated carrot. (hide) Technical validation and a comparison of two methods
to quantify individual levels of glucocorticoids in Alpine marmot hair.
2023, MethodsX, Doss EM, Jouffroy M, Rey B, Cohas A, von Hardenberg A, Smith TE.
abstract(hide)  article
Quantification of cortisol concentration in hair has become a promising
conservation tool for non-invasive monitoring of "stress" in wild populations,
yet this method needs to be carefully validated for each species. The goals of
the study were:•Immunologically validate two methods (study 1 and 2
respectively) to extract and quantify cortisol in the hair of wild Alpine
marmots.•Compare the amount of cortisol extracted from hair samples using two
methods i.e. cut into fine pieces (study 1) and hair samples pulverized using a
ball mill (study 2).•Determine the extent to which methods in study 2 could
provide individual specific hair cortisol (HC) measures when samples were taken
from the same body location. Within and between individual variations in HC
levels were examined from multiple hair samples from 14 subjects in study 2. We
evaluated if inter-individual variations in HC levels could be explained by sex
and age.At least twice the amount of cortisol was obtained per g/hair when
samples were pulverized in a ball mill prior to extraction compared to when cut
into pieces. Our methods demonstrated intra-individual consistency in HC at a
given time point: inter-individual variation in HC was three times larger than
within individual variance. Sex and age did not impact HC levels. (hide)
Designing New Sport Supplements Based on Aronia melanocarpa and Bee Pollen to
Enhance Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value.
2023, Molecules, Tirla A, Timar AV, Becze A, Memete AR, Vicas SI, Popoviciu MS,
Cavalu S.
abstract(hide)  article
With a high number of athletes using sport supplements targeting different
results, the need for complex, natural and effective formulations represents an
actual reality, while nutrition dosing regimens aiming to sustain the health and
performance of athletes are always challenging. In this context, the main goal
of this study was to elaborate a novel and complex nutraceutical supplement
based on multiple bioactive compounds extracted from Aronia melanocarpa and bee
pollen, aiming to support physiological adaptations and to minimize the stress
generated by intense physical activity in the case of professional or amateur
athletes. Our proposed formulations are based on different combinations of
Aronia and bee pollen (A1:P1, A1:P2 and A2:P1), offering personalized
supplements designed to fulfill the individual requirements of different
categories of athletes. The approximate composition, fatty acid profile,
identification and quantification of individual polyphenols, along with the
antioxidant capacity of raw biological materials and different formulations, was
performed using spectrophotometric methods, GS-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS-ESI+. In terms
of antioxidant capacity, our formulations based on different ratios of bee
pollen and Aronia were able to act as complex and powerful antioxidant products,
highlighted by the synergic or additional effect of the combinations. Overall,
the most powerful synergism was obtained for the A1:P2 formulation. (hide)
Production of Mineral-Carbon Composites and Activated Carbons as a Method of
Used Gear Oil, Ashes, and Low-Quality Brown Coals Management.
2023, Molecules, Wiśniewska M, Sadłowska A, Herda K, Urban T, Nowicki P.
abstract(hide)  article
The main objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of the low-quality
brown coal, ash obtained as a result of its combustion, as well as used gear oil
for the production of mineral-carbon adsorbents. The adsorbents were
characterized in terms of textural parameters, acidic-basic character of the
surface, mineral matter contribution to the structure, as well as their
suitability for drinking water purification. Adsorption tests were carried out
against two synthetic dyes-methylene blue and methyl orange. In order to
understand the nature of the organic pollutants adsorption, the effect of the
initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH of the system as well as the
phase contact time were investigated. The obtained mineral-carbon composite and
activated carbons significantly differed not only in terms of the elemental
composition and chemical character of the surface (from slightly acidic to
strongly alkaline), but also showed a very diverse degree of specific surface
development (from 21 to 656 m2/g) and the type of porous structure generated
(from micro/mesoporous to typically mesoporous). Adsorption tests showed that
the efficiency of organic dye removal from aqueous solutions primarily depends
on the type of the adsorbent and adsorbate applied, and, to a lesser extent, on
the temperature and pH of the system. In turn, kinetic studies have shown that
the sorption of dyes on such materials is consistent with a pseudo-second-order
kinetics model, regardless of the type of adsorbed dye. (hide) Determination of
glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid residues in Finnish soils by
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2023, MethodsX, Sari R, Juho V, Katri S, Jaana UK.
abstract(hide)  article
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GLY) adsorbs strongly in Finnish
soils. A new method for GLY and its main degradation product,
aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in clay soils (Protovertic Luvisol)
was developed and validated. A new method was necessary because the previous one
required laborious cleaning pre-treatments, and its recovery was quite poor (2 ≥
0.98) in the studied calibration range (0.01-3.31 mg kg-1 in fresh soil). The
repeatability and reproducibility were 25% and 28% for GLY, and 20% and 24% for
AMPA in real research soil samples. The method was effective throughout the
calibration range in all the studied Finnish agricultural soils.•An improved
method was created to analyse glyphosate (GLY) and AMPA in Finnish clay
soil.•The challenge caused by strong GLY adsorption on soil was solved by using
multipoint matrix-matched calibration curve samples which were prepared
identically with the research samples.•The method performed well in all tested
clay, loam and sandy loam soils. (hide) Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Delivery of
Neuroprotective Kynurenic Acid: Preparation, Characterization, and BBB
Transport.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Juhász Á, Ungor D, Varga N, Katona G, Balogh GT, Csapó E.
abstract(hide)  article
Encapsulation possibilities of an extensively investigated neuroprotective drug
(kynurenic acid, KYNA) are studied via lipid-based nanocarriers to increase the
blood-brain barrier (BBB) specific permeability. The outcomes of various
preparation conditions such as stirring and sonication time, concentration of
the lipid carriers and the drug, and the drug-to-lipid ratio are examined.
Considering the experimentally determined encapsulation efficiency, hydrodynamic
diameter, and ζ-potential values, the initial lipid and drug concentration as
well as the stirring and sonication time of the preparation were optimized. The
average hydrodynamic diameter of the prepared asolectin-(LIP) and water-soluble
lipopolymer (WSLP)-based liposomes was found to be ca. 25 and 60 nm under
physiological conditions. The physicochemical characterization of the colloidal
carriers proves that the preparation of the drug-loaded liposomes was a
successful process, and secondary interactions were indicated between the drug
molecule and the polymer residues around the WSLP membrane. Dissolution profiles
of the active molecule under physiological conditions were registered, and the
release of the unformulated and encapsulated drug is very similar. In addition
to this outcome, the in vitro polar brain lipid extract (porcine)-based
permeability test proved the achievement of two- or fourfold higher BBB specific
penetration and lipid membrane retention for KYNA in the liposomal carriers
relative to the unformatted drug. (hide) Assessment of the Efficiency of
Technological Processes to Modify Whey Protein Antigenicity.
2023, Foods, Ambrosi VA, Guidi SM, Primrose DM, Gonzalez CB, Polenta GA.
abstract(hide)  article
Whey is a by-product that represents a cheap source of protein with a high
nutritional value, often used to improve food quality. When used as a raw
material to produce hypoallergenic infant formulas (HIF), a processing step able
to decrease the allergenic potential is required to guarantee their safe use for
this purpose. In the present paper, thermal treatments, high hydrostatic
pressure (HHP), and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) were assessed to decrease the
antigenicity of whey protein solutions (WPC). For monitoring purposes, a
competitive ELISA method, able to detect the major and most allergenic whey
protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG), was developed as a first step to evaluate the
efficiency of the processes. Results showed that EH together with HHP was the
most effective combination to reduce WPC antigenicity. The evaluation method
proved useful to monitor the processes and to be employed in the quality control
of the final product, to guarantee the efficiency, and in protein antigenicity
reduction. (hide) Feasibility of the preparation of cochleate suspensions from
naturally derived phosphatidylserines.
2023, Front Med Technol, Kristensen S, Hassan K, Andersen NS, Steiniger F,
Kuntsche J.
abstract(hide)  article
IntroductionCochleates are cylindrical particles composed of dehydrated
phospholipid bilayers. They are typically prepared by addition of calcium ions
to vesicles composed of negatively charged phospholipids such as
phosphatidylserines (PS). Due to their high physical and chemical stability,
they provide an interesting alternative over other lipid-based drug formulations
for example to improve oral bioavailability or to obtain a parenteral
sustained-release formulation.MethodsIn the present study, the feasibility to
prepare cochleate suspensions from soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserines
(SPS) was investigated and compared to the "gold standard"
dioleoyl-phosphatidylserine (DOPS) cochleates. The SPS lipids covered a large
range of purities between 53 and >96% and computer-controlled mixing was
evaluated for the preparation of the cochleate suspensions. Electron microscopic
investigations were combined with small-angle x-ray diffraction (SAXD) and
Laurdan generalized polarization (GP) analysis to characterize particle
structure and lipid organization.ResultsDespite some differences in particle
morphology, cochleate suspensions with similar internal lipid structure as DOPS
cochleates could be prepared from SPS with high headgroup purity (≥96%).
Suspensions prepared from SPS with lower purity still revealed a remarkably high
degree of lipid dehydration and well-organized lamellar structure. However, the
particle shape was less defined, and the typical cochleate cylinders could only
be detected in suspensions prepared with higher amount of calcium ions. Finally,
the study proves the feasibility to prepare suspensions of cochleates or
cochleate-like particles directly from a calcium salt of soy-PS by dialysis.
(hide) Suppression of tomato wilt by cell-free supernatants of Acinetobacter
baumannii isolates from wild cacao from the Colombian Amazon.
2023, World J Microbiol Biotechnol, Pisco-Ortiz C, González-Almario A,
Uribe-Gutiérrez L, Soto-Suárez M, Amaya-Gómez CV.
abstract(hide)  article
Tomato vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is
one of the most limiting diseases of this crop. The use of fungicides and
varieties resistant to the pathogen has not provided adequate control of the
disease. In this study, siderophore-producing bacteria isolated from wild cocoa
trees from the Colombian Amazon were characterized to identify prominent
strategies for plant protection. The isolates were taxonomically classified into
five different genera. Eight of the fourteen were identified as bacteria of the
Acinetobacter baumannii complex. Isolates CBIO024, CBIO086, CBIO117, CBIO123,
and CBIO159 belonging to this complex showed the highest efficiency in
siderophore synthesis, producing these molecules in a range of 91-129 µmol/L
deferoxamine mesylate equivalents. A reduction in disease severity of up to 45%
was obtained when plants were pretreated with CBIO117 siderophore-rich cell-free
supernatant (SodSid). Regarding the mechanism of action that caused antagonistic
activity against Fol, it was found that plants infected only with Fol and plants
pretreated with SodSid CBIO117 and infected with Fol showed higher levels of PR1
and ERF1 gene expression than control plants. In contrast, MYC2 gene expression
was not induced by the SodSid CBIO117 application. However, it was upregulated
in plants infected with Fol and plants pretreated with SodSid CBIO117 and
infected with the pathogen. In addition to the disease suppression exerted by
SodSid CBIO117, the results suggest that the mechanism underlying this effect is
related to an induction of systemic defense through the salicylic acid,
ethylene, and priming defense via the jasmonic acid pathway. (hide) see more...
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Investigating Environmental Matrices for Use in Avian Influenza Virus
Surveillance-Surface Water, Sediments, and Avian Fecal Samples.
2023, Microbiol Spectr, Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Wylezich C, Wonnemann H, Sindt O,
Hellmer HH, Pfaff F, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC.
abstract(hide)  article
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is
important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of
high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and
restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples
such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian
feces as matrices for AIV detection. Enrichment of viral particles by
ultrafiltration of 10-L surface water samples using Rexeed-25-A devices was
validated using a bacteriophage ϕ6 internal control system, and AIV detection
was attempted using real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. While validation runs
suggested an average enrichment of about 60-fold, lower values of 10 to 15 were
observed for field water samples. In total 25/36 (60%) of water samples and
18/36 (50%) of corresponding sediment samples tested AIV positive. Samples were
obtained from shallow water bodies in habitats with large numbers of waterfowl
during an HPAIV epizootic. Although AIV RNA was detected in a substantial
percentage of samples virus isolation failed. Virus loads in samples often were
too low to allow further sub- and pathotyping. Similar results were obtained
with environmentally deposited avian feces. Moreover, the spectrum of viruses
detected by these active surveillance methods did not fully mirror an ongoing
HPAIV epizootic among waterfowl as detected by passive surveillance, which, in
terms of sensitivity, remains unsurpassed. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses
(AIV) have a wide host range in the avian metapopulation and, occasionally,
transmission to humans also occurs. Surface water plays a particularly important
role in the epidemiology of AIV, as the natural virus reservoir is found in
aquatic wild birds. Environmental matrices comprising surface water, sediments,
and avian fecal matter deposited in the environment were examined for their
usefulness in AIV surveillance. Despite virus enrichment efforts, environmental
samples regularly revealed very low virus loads, which hampered further sub- and
pathotyping. Passive surveillance based on oral and cloacal swabs of diseased
and dead wild birds remained unsurpassed with respect to sensitivity. (hide)
Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated
Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes.
2022, Membranes (Basel), Sarapulova V, Nevakshenova E, Tsygurina K, Ruleva V,
Kirichenko A, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide)  article
Layer-by-layer adsorption allows the creation of versatile functional coatings
for ion exchange membranes, but the stability of the coating and resulting
properties of modified membranes in their operation is a frequently asked
question. This paper examines the changes in voltammetric curves of
layer-by-layer coated cation exchange membranes and pH-metry of desalination
chamber with a studied membrane and an auxiliary anion exchange membrane after
short-term tests, including over-limiting current modes. The practical operation
of the membranes did not affect the voltammetric curves, but enhanced the
generation of H+ and OH- ions in a system with polyethylenimine modified
membrane in Ca2+ containing solution. It is shown that a distinction between the
voltammetric curves of the membranes modified and the different polyamines
persists during the operation and that, in the case of polyethylenimine, there
is an additional zone of growth of potential drop in voltammetric curves and
stronger generation of H+ and OH- ions as indicated by pH-metry. (hide)
Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfamidic acid: an anolyte with low decomposition rates at
elevated temperatures.
2021, RSC Adv, Rohland P, Schreyer K, Hager MD, Schubert US.
abstract(hide)  article
A new sulfamidic acid anthraquinone derivative was synthesized from
2,6-diaminoanthraquinone with high yields, designed for utilization in redox
flow batteries. The active material was investigated with cyclic voltammetry,
revealing a reversible redox reaction at approximately -0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl at
pH-values above 12. A stress test in a redox flow battery was applied with hold
times at critical states of charge and at 32 °C as well as at 60 °C.
Furthermore, the stability was investigated at the maximum concentration of the
anolyte. All in all, the material showed the lowest decomposition rates at 60 °C
reported so far for an organic anolyte in a redox flow battery. (hide) Effect of
Oxygen Contamination on Propionate and Caproate Formation in Anaerobic
Fermentation.
2021, Front Bioeng Biotechnol, Baleeiro FCF, Ardila MS, Kleinsteuber S, Sträuber
H.
abstract(hide)  article
Mixed microbial cultures have become a preferred choice of biocatalyst for chain
elongation systems due to their ability to convert complex substrates into
medium-chain carboxylates. However, the complexity of the effects of process
parameters on the microbial metabolic networks is a drawback that makes the task
of optimizing product selectivity challenging. Here, we studied the effects of
small air contaminations on the microbial community dynamics and the product
formation in anaerobic bioreactors fed with lactate, acetate and H2/CO2. Two
stirred tank reactors and two bubble column reactors were operated with H2/CO2
gas recirculation for 139 and 116 days, respectively, at pH 6.0 and 32°C with a
hydraulic retention time of 14 days. One reactor of each type had periods with
air contamination (between 97 ± 28 and 474 ± 33 mL O2 L-1 d-1, lasting from 4 to
32 days), while the control reactors were kept anoxic. During air contamination,
production of n-caproate and CH4 was strongly inhibited, whereas no clear effect
on n-butyrate production was observed. In a period with detectable O2
concentrations that went up to 18%, facultative anaerobes of the genus
Rummeliibacillus became predominant and only n-butyrate was produced. However,
at low air contamination rates and with O2 below the detection level,
Coriobacteriia and Actinobacteria gained a competitive advantage over Clostridia
and Methanobacteria, and propionate production rates increased to
0.8-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 depending on the reactor (control reactors 0.1-0.8 mmol L-1
d-1). Moreover, i-butyrate production was observed, but only when
Methanobacteria abundances were low and, consequently, H2 availability was high.
After air contamination stopped completely, production of n-caproate and CH4
recovered, with n-caproate production rates of 1.4-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 (control
0.7-2.1 mmol L-1 d-1). The results underline the importance of keeping strictly
anaerobic conditions in fermenters when consistent n-caproate production is the
goal. Beyond that, micro-aeration should be further tested as a controllable
process parameter to shape the reactor microbiome. When odd-chain carboxylates
are desired, further studies can develop strategies for their targeted
production by applying micro-aerobic conditions. (hide) Characterization of
MK-40 Membrane Modified by Layers of Cation Exchange and Anion Exchange
Polyelectrolytes.
2020, Membranes (Basel), Titorova V, Sabbatovskiy K, Sarapulova V, Kirichenko E,
Sobolev V, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide)  article
Coating of ion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis with layers of
polyelectrolytes is a proven approach that allows for the increasing of the
limiting current, the suppressing of sedimentation, the controlling of the
intensity of generation of H+ and OH- ions, and also the improving of monovalent
selectivity. However, in the case when two materials with the opposite sign of
the charge of fixed groups come in contact, a bipolar boundary is created that
can cause undesirable changes in the membrane properties. In this work, we used
a MK-40 heterogeneous membrane on the surface of which a layer of
polyethyleneimine was applied by adsorption from a solution as a model of
heterogeneous membranes modified with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. It was
found that, on one hand, the properties of modified membrane were beneficial for
electrodialysis, its limiting current did not decrease and the membrane even
acquired a barrier to non-selective electrolyte transport. At the same time, the
generation of H+ and OH- ions of low intensity arose, even in underlimiting
current modes. It was also shown that despite the presence of a layer of
polyethyleneimine, the surface charge of the modified membrane remained
negative, which we associate with low protonation of polyethyleneimine at
neutral pH. (hide) An Approach Toward Replacing Vanadium: A Single Organic
Molecule for the Anode and Cathode of an Aqueous Redox-Flow Battery.
2017, ChemistryOpen, Janoschka T, Friebe C, Hager MD, Martin N, Schubert US.
abstract(hide)  article
By combining a viologen unit and a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)
radical in one single combi-molecule, an artificial bipolar redox-active
material,
1-(4-(((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)benzyl)-1'-methyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium-chloride
(VIOTEMP), was created that can serve as both the anode (-0.49 V) and cathode
(0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a water-based redox-flow battery. While it mimics the
redox states of flow battery metals like vanadium, the novel aqueous electrolyte
does not require strongly acidic media and is best operated at pH 4. The
electrochemical properties of VIOTEMP were investigated by using cyclic
voltammetry, rotating disc electrode experiments, and spectroelectrochemical
methods. A redox-flow battery was built and the suitability of the material for
both electrodes was demonstrated through a polarity-inversion experiment. Thus,
an organic aqueous electrolyte system being safe in case of cross contamination
is presented. (hide) see more...
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