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November 21, 2022 | Part Of Washington Journal 11/21/2022

WASHINGTON JOURNAL

BARBARA PERRY ON HISTORY OF NONCONSECUTIVE WHITE HOUSE TERMS

2022-11-21T09:18:13-05:00
https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvNjlmXC8wMDFcLzE2NjkwNDAzNTlfMDAxLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciIsImhlaWdodCI6NDgwfX19?
Barbara Perry, director of Presidential Studies at the University of Virginia’s
Miller Center, talked about the history of former presidents running for
non-consecutive terms.

Barbara Perry, director of Presidential Studies at the University of Virginia’s
Miller Center, talked about the history of former presidents running for
non-consecutive terms.

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00:00:00

DAY UP-TO-DATE ON THE LATEST IN PUBLISHING WITH -- AS WELL AS INDUSTRY NEWS AND
TRENDS THROUGH INSIDER INTERVIEWS. YOU CAN FIND OUT ABOUT BOOKS ON C-SPAN NOW,
OUR FREE MOBILE APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR PODCAST S. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:00:00

WASHINGTON GERMAN CONTINUES.

00:00:07
John McArdle

IT IS A PLEASURE TO HAVE BARBARA PERRY, PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES DIRECTOR AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA'S MILLER CENTER. I WANT TO ASK HELP YOU AND YOUR
COLLEAGUES ARE DOING A WEEK AFTER THAT SHOOTING -- HOW YOU IN YOUR COLLEAGUES
ARE DOING A WEEK AFTER THAT SHOOTING. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:00:30
Barbara A. Perry

THANK YOU FOR MENTIONING IT. IT IS ON OUR MINDS. WE HOPE THAT PEOPLE ARE ABLE TO
BE WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS, BUT OUR HEARTS ARE BROKEN FOR FAMILIES WHO WILL HAVE
AN ENGAGER -- AN EMPTY CHAIR. IT WAS A HARD TIME HAVING BEEN THROUGH WHAT PEOPLE
CALL CHARLES KOCH 2017, WHEN NEO-NAZIS DESCENDED ON TOWN. IT IS A BEAUTIFUL FROM
THE USUALLY PEACEFUL COLLEGE TOWN, AND THAT PIECE HAS BEEN BROKEN, BUT WE ARE
STRONG. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:01:18
John McArdle

YOU MENTIONED THAT 2017 IS BACK IN THE SPOTLIGHT. I WONDER WHAT STUCK OUT TO YOU
THIS WEEK BETWEEN WHAT IS HAPPENING ON CAMPUS AND MEDIA ATTENTION BACK ON
CHARLOTTESVILLE. IS THERE ANYTHING THAT STUCK OUT TO YOU? ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:01:34
Barbara A. Perry

THE FIRST IS THAT CHARLOTTESVILLE, THOUGH IT IS SEEMINGLY A BUCOLIC UNIVERSITY
TOWN, WE ARE NOT IMMUNE FROM THE VIOLENCE IN OUR COUNTRY. THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO
ARE ANGRY AND MAYBE MEDICALLY ILL AND CAN GET ACCESS TO WEAPONS. THAT WAS ONE OF
OUR FIRST THOUGHTS FOR THE SECOND IS I AM IN LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY FOR THE
HOLIDAY AND I FLEW OVER ON TWO DIFFERENT FLIGHTS. I SENT BY COINCIDENCE TO THE
SAME EV STUDENT ON BOTH FLIGHTS. I SAID, HOW ARE YOU DOING? SHE SAID SHE LIVES
THREE MINUTES FROM THE SITE OF THE SHOOTING, SO IT WAS FRIGHTENING. WE WERE
LOCKED DOWN FOR 12 HOURS. I SAID HOW DID YOU GET THROUGH IT? SHE SAID THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OPENED HIS HOME TO THE STUDENTS EVERY EVENING, HAD
AN OPEN HOUSE. MY FRIENDS AND I WENT AND IT WAS A BONDING MOMENT. THAT IS MY
POSITIVE TAKE AWAY -- THE UNIVERSITY IS HANDLING THIS WELL AND WE ARE ALTOGETHER
AT THE MILLER CENTER AND OTHER UNITS AT THE GROUND. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:02:48
John McArdle

WE ARE SENDING OUR THOUGHTS TO CHARLOTTESVILLE. YOU MENTION YOUR WORK AT THE
MILLER CENTER AND WHY WE INVADED YOU ON. -- INVITED YOU ON. THIS PAST WEEK IN
THE HILL, YOU WRITE DONALD TRUMP: THE NEXT GROVER CLEVELAND, TEDDY ROOSEVELT OR
MILLARD FILLMORE? EXPLAIN WHAT THOSE THREE FORMER PRESIDENTS HAVE IN COMMON. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:03:16
Barbara A. Perry

I GOT THIS IDEA FOR THE FIRST TIME IN NOVEMBER OF 2020, THINKING THAT IF THINGS
SEEM TO BE GOING AFTER EXPECTED AND JOE BIDEN WAS THE WINNER, WHAT WOULD DONALD
TRUMP DO? IT OCCURRED TO ME THAT HE WOULD BE THE SORT PRESIDENT WHO WOULD WANT
TO RUN AGAIN. I REMEMBER THAT GROVER CLEVELAND DID THIS AND WAS OUR ONLY
PRESIDENT TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN DOING IT. WE HAVE HAD SEVEN PRESIDENTS, STARTING
WITH MARTIN VAN BUREN AND COMING UP TO TOP AND THE TWO MOST FAMOUS ARE GROVER
CLEVELAND -- HE WAS SUCCESSFUL IN GETTING TWO NONCONSECUTIVE TERMS -- AND THE
OTHER IS TEDDY ROOSEVELT, WHO SERVED AT A TERM AS VICE PRESIDENT, SOUGHT THE
PRESIDENCY AFTER THE ASSASSINATION OF WILLIAM MCKINLEY, THEN RAN IN HIS OWN
RIGHT IN 1094 -- 1904 AND STEPPED ASIDE FOR WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT. HE WON THE
PRESIDENCY BUT THERE WAS A SPLIT BETWEEN THE TWO OF THEM. TEDDY ROOSEVELT BECAME
PROGRESSIVE AND FOUNDED A THIRD-PARTY WHEN REPUBLICANS WERE NOT NOMINATED HIM
BUT ALL HE DID WAS SPLIT THE REPUBLICAN BASE AND HAND PRESIDENCY IN 1912 TO
WOODROW WILSON. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:04:39
John McArdle

THE NUMBER YOU SAID WAS 7 1-TERM PRESIDENCY AND GUEST:

00:04:48
Barbara A. Perry

SEVEN ONE-TERM PRESENTS TOSCA THE HAT IN THE RING FOR A SECOND TERM.

00:05:00
John McArdle

WHAT WAS IT ABOUT GROVER CLEVELAND THAT WAS SO SUCCESSFUL

00:05:05
Barbara A. Perry

SUCCESSFUL?

00:05:07
Barbara A. Perry

IN EACH OF HIS RUNS, HE WON THE POPULAR VOTE AND HE WAS POPULAR. WE DID NOT HAVE
HOLES IN THOSE DAYS, BUT HE WAS AN HONEST PRESIDENT WHO DID NOT BELIEVE IN
PATRONAGE. BUT THERE WERE ISSUES RELATED TO THE GOLD STANDARD. AROUND MANY
HOLIDAYS, NETWORKS SHOWED THE WIZARD OF OZ. MOST PEOPLE KNOW THAT IT IS A
POLITICAL ALLEGORY. THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD IS ABOUT WHETHER GOLD OR SILVER SHOULD
NOW. GROVER CLEVELAND WAS IN FAVOR OF THE GOLD STANDARD, BUT SOME IN THE PARTY
FAVORITES OVER. -- FAVORED SILVER. THAT CLICK THE PARTY AND ALLOWED BENJAMIN
HARRISON -- THAT SPLIT THE PARTY AND ALLOWED JUDGMENT HARASSING TO WIN --
BENJAMIN HARRISON TO THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:06:06
John McArdle

YOU MENTIONED THE TERM SPLIT THE PARTY WHEN A FORMER PRESIDENT HAS TRIED TO
REGAIN OFFICE. SOMETIMES THEY SPLIT THEIR OWN PARTY. EXPLAIN.

00:06:19
Barbara A. Perry

THEY DO. THIS WAS A BIT OF THE CASE OF THIS HAPPENING, BUT IT HAPPENS OFTEN WHEN
SOMEBODY TRIES FOR A NONCONSECUTIVE SECOND TERM. TYPICALLY, HE WILL HAVE BEEN
DENIED HIS ORIGINAL PARTY'S NOMINATION AND WILL SPLIT FROM THE ORIGINAL PARTY
AND GO TO A NEW PARTY. IN THE CASE OF VAN BUREN, THAT CONTROVERSY LEADING UP TO
WHAT WOULD HAVE IN HIS SECOND, NONCONSECUTIVE TERM IS OFTEN TERRIBLY TILTING
ISSUE FOR THE COUNTRY. A NEW PARTY DEVELOPED CALLED THE FREE SOIL PARTY THAT WAS
AN ATTEMPT TO BAN THE SPREAD OF SLAVERY INTO NEW STATES. THAT PARTY ENDED UP
BEING PULLED INTO THE NEW REPUBLICAN PARTY IN THE 1850'S. OFTEN, THAT WILL
HAPPEN. THERE IS SOME DESTRUCTIVE ISSUE THAT IS ALREADY SPREADING BOATERS AND
PARTIES. SECOND, IF IT SPLITS ONE OF THE TWO MAJOR PARTIES AT THE TIME, IT
USUALLY ALLOWS THE OTHER CANDIDATE FROM A PARTY THAT IS RATHER UNITED TO WALTZ
INTO THE WHITE HOUSE. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:07:31
John McArdle

ARE WE AT A POINT WHERE ONE OF THE TWO MAJOR PARTIES COULD SEE A MAJOR SPLIT?

00:07:39
Barbara A. Perry

I DO. I THOUGHT WHEN 2016 IT MIGHT BE THE CASE AND MAYBE IN 2020 THAT BERNIE
SANDERS AND THAT WING OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY MIGHT RUN THE THIRD-PARTY
CANDIDACY. SOMETIMES, ALL YOU NEED IS SOMEBODY LIKE RALPH NADER WHO GETS ENOUGH
VOTES TO SERVE AS A SPOILER, AS HE DID IN 2000 FOR AL GORE. IF NOT FOR RALPH
NADER SIPHONING OFF VOTES IN FLORIDA, AL GORE WOULD HAVE WON FLORIDA AND THE
ELECTORAL COLLEGE. IT DOES NOT EVEN TAKE A MAJOR THIRD PARTY, BUT I COULD SEE
THAT HAPPENING. WE COULD SEE IT ON EITHER SIDE. WHAT IF DONALD TRUMP DOES NOT
WIN THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION FOR 2024 BUT FORMS A MAGA PARTY ? THAT WOULD
PROBABLY SPLIT THE REPUBLICAN VOTE AND ALLOW THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE TO WIN. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:08:43
John McArdle

IF YOU EVER HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT PRESIDENTIAL HISTORY, BARBARA PERRY IS A GREAT
PERSON TO TALK TO. WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO CALL IN. HERE IS HOW WE SPLIT THE LINES.
DEMOCRATS, (202) 748-8000. REPUBLICANS, (202) 748-8001. INDEPENDENTS, (202)
748-8002. THIS PIECE FROM THE HILLS PART THIS CONVERSATION. IS IT THE NEXT
GROVER CLEVELAND, TEDDY ROOSEVELT, OR MILLARD FILLMORE? WE DO NOT TALK MUCH
ABOUT MILLARD FILLMORE. CAN WE DIG MORE INTO HIM? ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:09:24
Barbara A. Perry

HE WAS PRESIDENT FROM 1850 TO 1853. TEDDY ROOSEVELT CAME TO THE PRESIDENCY OF
NIGHTLY DEATH OF ZACHARY TAYLOR. HERE I SIT IN LOUISVILLE. ZACHARY TAYLOR WAS
BORN YOUR CHARLOTTESVILLE, BUT LIKE MANY VIRGINIANS, HE CAME TO KENTUCKY AND
SETTLED IN LOUISVILLE. THAT RETAILER DID EVENTUALLY. I AM SITTING ABOUT TWO
MILES FROM THE HOME THAT ZACHARY TAYLOR LIVED IN IN LOUISVILLE. HE IS BURIED
ABOUT TWO MILES FROM ME. THIS IS OFTEN ATYPICAL SCENARIO WHERE THE VICE
PRESIDENT WILL SUCCEED TO THE PRESIDENCY. WITH JOHN FOWLER, THAT WAS AFTER
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. THE PRESIDENCY -- THE COUNTRY DOES NOT REALLY WANT THAT
PERSON TO RUN FOR PRESIDENCY IN HIS OWN RIGHT. OFTEN, THE PARTY TURNS ON THAT
VICE PRESIDENT WHO HAS SUCCEEDED TO THE PRESIDENCY. THAT IS WHAT HAPPENED TO
MILLARD FILLMORE. HE DID NOT GET THE NOMINATION OF HIS WIG PARTY TO RUN FOR A
TERM IN HIS OWN RIGHT. HE WAITED FOUR YEARS AND JOINED WHAT WAS A NEW PARTY AT
THAT TIME, FIRST CALLED THE NATIVE AMERICAN PARTY, MEANING THEY WERE
ANTI-IMMIGRATION. WAVES OF IMMIGRANTS WERE COMING INTO THIS COUNTRY. I AM MOSTLY
OF GERMAN EXTRACTION AND REST OF MY FAMILY CAME IN THAT PERIOD OF UPHEAVAL IN
EUROPE AND SETTLED IN LOUISVILLE. MY MOTHER GRABBED IN GERMANTOWN NEAR
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. THERE WAS AN ANTI-GERMAN, ANTI-IRISH MOVEMENT AT THAT
TIME. THEY WERE SOMEWHAT SECRETIVE AND THERE WAS SORT OF A CABAL. THEY WERE TOLD
IF YOU JOIN THIS PARTY AND SOMEONE ASKS YOU ABOUT IT, SAY YOU KNOW NOTHING, SO
MILLARD FILLMORE RAN AS A KNOW NOTHING. THAT IS NOT THE BEST PR NAME AND IT IS
NOT A GREAT IDEA TO HAVE YOUR POLITICAL PARTY IF YOU WANT TO WIN THE A SECRET.
...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:11:42
John McArdle

SO ON THAT STRING OF VICE PRESIDENT'S WHOSE PARTY TURNED ON THEM, WHAT ARE OTHER
FAMOUS EXAMPLES OF THAT?

00:11:49
Barbara A. Perry

JOHN TYLER IS ANOTHER. IN ADDITION TO OHIO, VIRGINIA IS KNOWN IS KNOWN AS THE
MOTHER OF PRESIDENTS. WE HAVE ALL OF THEM PICTURED IN OUR FRONT ROOM. WILLIAM
HENRY HARRISON, RUNNING WITH JOHN TYLER. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, AFTER ONLY 30
DAYS AS PRESIDENT, PASSED AWAY. IT USED TO BE PEOPLE SAID PROBABLY FROM
PNEUMONIA BECAUSE HE GAVE A LONG INAUGURAL ADDRESS IN THE COLD RAIN AND PEOPLE
SAID HE GOT COLD, WET AND GOT PNEUMONIA. THAT IS PROBABLY NOT TRUE, THOUGH. I AM
A DOCTOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, NOT MEDICINE, BUT I DID A PROGRAM RECENTLY FOR
THE WHITE HOUSE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. WE HAD A SCHOLAR WHO IS AN EXPERT ON HOW
WILLIAM HARRY THAT SHE WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON GUIDE . THEY THINK HE DIED OF
TYPHUS BECAUSE OF POOR SEWAGE HANDLING IN WASHINGTON, D.C. THAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF
JOHN TYLER NOT GETTING THE NOMINATION AND BEING UPSET. TRUMAN HAD A BIT OF A RUN
IN HIS OWN RIGHT IN 10948 AFTER HE HAD SERVED MOST OF FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT'S
FOURTH TERM. 1952, TRUMAN WAS GRANDFATHERED INTO THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
WHICH NOW LIMITS PRESIDENTS TO TWO FULL TERMS, HE COULD HAVE RUN AGAIN. BUT HE
WAS DEFEATED IN THE NEW HAMPSHIRE PRIMARY BY A TENNESSEE SENATOR WHO ENDED OUT
BECOMING THE VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN THE ILL-FATED STEPHENSON TICKET IN
1956. SOMETIMES, PRESIDENTS ARE NOT WILDLY POPULAR IF THEY SUCCEED THROUGH THE
DEATH OR RESIGNATION OF A PRESIDENT. GERALD FORD LOST TO JIMMY CARTER IN 1976.
...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:13:56
John McArdle

BARBARA PERRY JOINING US. WE ARE TALKING ABOUT AN ARTICLE ALSO AVAILABLE ON THE
FRONT PAGE OF THE MILLER CENTER WEBSITE. BARBARA PERRY HAS MADE 45 APPEARANCES
ON C-SPAN OVER THE YEARS AND YOU CAN ALSO FIND HER ON C-SPAN AMERICAN HISTORY
TV, COVERING THE PROGRAMS SHE DOES AROUND THE COUNTRY IN HER VARIOUS ROLES ON
C-SPAN TWO ON SATURDAYS. 24 HOURS OF AMERICAN HISTORY TELEVISION. THERE ARE
CALLS FOR YOU. THIS IS CHARLES IN NEW JERSEY, AN INDEPENDENT. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:14:39

PLEASURE TO TALK TO LEO. I HAVE GOT A QUESTION ABOUT THE UPCOMING ELECTIONS.
FRIENDS OF MINE ARE ON BOTH SIDES OF THE DONALD TRUMP QUESTION. ARE WE GOING TO
VOTE OR NOT VOTE? MY QUESTION IS, HAS AMERICA LOST ITS ABILITY TO LOOK AT
CHARACTER? IS THAT GOING TO THE A PROBLEM GOING FORWARD? THE PAST PRESIDENT HAS
CLEARLY DESCRIBED HIS CHARACTER IN HIS ACTIONS. MOST WOULD AGREE THAT CHARACTER
IS IMPORTANT. THE WAY HE CHOSE NOT TO EXIT AFTER THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAD VOTED
HIM OUT IS A DISAPPOINTMENT FOR ME. I WOULD NOT VOTE FOR HIM FOR ANYTHING. THANK
YOU AGAIN FOR YOUR TIME. I HOPE I CAN GET AN ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:15:37
Barbara A. Perry

SUCH AN IMPORTANT QUESTION. THERE IS A BOOK BY THE LATE POLITICAL SCIENTIST
JAMES DAVID FARBER CALLED PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER. I REMEMBER READING THAT IN
COLLEGE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE. HE SAID THAT THE WORD CHARACTER COMES
FROM GREEK. IT IS WHAT LIFE HAS STAMPED UPON A PERSON. I VIEW IT AS THE COURT OF
A PERSON -- CORE OF A PERSON. WE WOULD LIKE TO THINK OUR PRESIDENTS HAVE
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHARACTER. WHEN IT COMES TO PROFESSIONAL CHARACTER, I
WOULD SAY HONESTY AND INTEGRITY. WHEN YOU LOOK AT GROVER CLEVELAND, YOU WILL SAY
THAT THAT IS WHAT HE WAS BUT TO BE. [NO AUDIO] [NO AUDIO] [NO AUDIO] BUT VOTERS
HAVE TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT WHO WE CHOOSE TO RUN AND FOR WHOM WE VOTE. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:18:17

A LITTLE TIDBIT ABOUT MILLARD FILLMORE. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850. HE WAS FOR THAT
AND THAT HELPED HIM THE SOAP -- IT HELPED THE CIVIL WAR START LATER. THAT MAY
HAVE HELPED THE OUTCOME OF THAT. ALSO, I THINK THE KNOW NOTHING PARTY IS LIKE AN
ADA -- LIKE MAGA PARTY IS THAT THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT JOBS THAT GOT OUTSOURCED,
BUT NOBODY EVER TALKS ABOUT THE FACT THAT JOBS ARE ALWAYS BEING TAKEN AWAY BY
ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY. THAT IS SOMETHING THE MAGA PARTY NEVER THINKS ABOUT.
-- SO IT WAS A COMPROMISE ABOUT SLAVERY. AS NEW STATES WERE BEING TAKEN INTO THE
UNION, THE ISSUE BECAME DO WE RECOGNIZE SLAVERY IN THOSE STATES? THE NON-SLAVE
STATES WERE CONCERNED THAT THE STATES ALLOWED INFLATED PEOPLE TO EXIST THAT THEY
WOULD OVERCOME THE NON-SLAVE STATES. THERE WAS CONSTANTLY AN ATTEMPT TO
COMPROMISE. THERE WAS THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND THE IDEA THAT WANTS A FREE
STATE WAS TAKEN IN THAT THERE WOULD BE ANOTHER SLAVE STATE COMING IN. WE ALSO
HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT THE FOUNDERS CREATED A COMPROMISE IN 1787 ABOUT SLAVERY ,
BECAUSE THE NORTHERN STATES WHICH DID NOT ALLOW SLAVERY DID NOT WANT ENSLAVED
PEOPLE COUNTED IN THE POPULATION TO DETERMINE HOW MANY PEOPLE BASED ON POCKET
THIS -- BASED ON POPULATION WOULD BE COMING INTO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
AS THOMAS JEFFERSON SAID, EVEN THOUGH HE HAD SLAVES, KNOWING THAT WHEN THEY
SIGNED THE CONSTITUTION, HE SAID SLAVERY IS LIKE A FIRE BELL IN THE NIGHT. YOU
SUDDENLY HAVE THIS TERRIBLE PROBLEM. HE ALSO SAID SLAVERY WAS LIKE HOLDING A
WOLF BITE THE YEARS. YOU CANNOT LET IT GO BECAUSE IT WOULD EAT YOU BUT YOU DO
NOT WANT TO KEEP HOLDING ON TO IT. EVEN HE, THE MASTER OF ENSLAVED PEOPLE, NEW
IT WOULD EVENTUALLY BREAK UP THE UNION. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:21:02
John McArdle

ON COMPROMISE, THE GREAT COMPROMISE OR WAS IT THAT HENRY CLIFF?

00:21:08
Barbara A. Perry

YES. A KENTUCKIAN.

00:21:13
John McArdle

WHY WAS HE THE GREAT COMPROMISER?

00:21:17
Barbara A. Perry

HE WAS THE MAN WHO SAID I WOULD RATHER BE RIGHT THAN PRESIDENT. BUT THAT WAS
PROBABLY BECAUSE HE KEPT LOSING IN HIS ATTEMPTS TO BECOME PRESIDENT, THAT HE
FASHIONED A COMPROMISE THAT MADE ANDREW JACKSON VERY UPSET THE FIRST TIME HE RAN
IN 1824. CLAY SPLIT THE VOTE AMONG JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, ANDREW JACKSON AND HENRY
CLAY. AND HAD TO GO TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BECAUSE NONE OF THOSE MEN
HAVE A MAJORITY IN -- HAD A MAJORITY IN THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. THE DEAL WAS
DONE, A COMPROMISE BETWEEN CLIENT AND JOHN QUINCY ADAMS THAT JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
AGREED TO PUT IN HIS CABINET, MAKING HIM SECRETARY OF STATE, IF CLAY THREW HIS
SUPPORT TO DUNCAN EVANS. THAT ALLOWED JOHN QUINCY ADAMS TO GET ENOUGH ELECTORAL
VOTES TO WIN. YOU CAN IMAGINE HOW JACKSON FELT. IT WAS A DIRTY DEAL IN HIS MIND,
BUT THAT WAS A COMPROMISE IN PLAY -- CALY'S OWN INTEREST BUT HE WAS ALSO STAVING
OFF CIVIL WAR. THE MITCH MCCONNELL CENTER, LOCATED HERE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
LOUISVILLE, AND FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO DO NOT CARE FOR THE SENATOR, I CAN TELL YOU
HE PUT TOGETHER A COMPROMISE WITH PAUL WEBER, WHO WAS A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT. THE
TWO OF THEM CAME TOGETHER AND COMPROMISED ABOUT THE ISSUES AND SAID LET'S DO
THIS FOR THE GOOD OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY. WE HAVE A LOT OF GOOD TUNES
AND WE HAVE A BRAIN DRAIN. THEY GOING TO EASTERN SCHOOLS. ONE PERSON -- CAN WE
GIVE THEM A FULL RIDE, INTERNSHIPS IN WASHINGTON, TAKE THEM TO CHINA? IT HAS
BEEN HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL, AS WELL AS TEACHING CIVICS IN A NONPARTISAN WAY TO
TEACHERS IN THE COMMONWEALTH. THAT IS A LOCAL EXAMPLE OF A COMPROMISE BETWEEN A
CURRENT SENATOR AND A FORMER PROFESSOR. IT HAS HAD A HUGE IMPACT ON KENTUCKY AND
WE HOPE THE NATION. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:23:37
John McArdle

YOU MENTIONED A CANDIDATE WHO CAP ARE A PRESIDENTIAL BID. YOU MENTIONED ANOTHER
ONE IN YOUR COLUMN. REMIND FOLKS WHO HAROLD STATEN WAS.

00:23:50
Barbara A. Perry

AS A TEENAGER, I WAS A HUGE TONIGHT SHOW FAN WATCHING JOHNNY CARSON. HAROLD
STATEN BECAME A PUNCHLINE. IN WRITING THIS COLUMN, I'VE GOT, I WILL LOOK HIM UP.
I REMEMBERED THAT BLIND AS AN ALSO RAN. HE STARTED OUT AS A LEGITIMATE
POLITICIAN. HE WAS GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA, A REPUBLICAN. HE TRIED FOR THE FIRST
TIME THE 1940'S, FAILED TO GET THE NOMINATION AND WENT ON TO BE PRESIDENT OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. THEN, EVERY FOUR YEARS HE WOULD TIP HIS HAT FOR THE
REPUBLICAN NOMINATION. SEE ENDED UP HOLDING THE RECORD OF NINE TIMES. BUT HE
NEVER GOT THE NOMINATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, NEVER TRIED TO FORM A THIRD
PARTY, BUT HE DID BECOME A JOKE. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:25:01
John McArdle

I THINK WE ARE HAVING SOME TROUBLE WITH THE CONNECTION. WE WILL GET THAT BACK AS
WE HEAR FROM NELSON IN HOLLYWOOD, FLORIDA, A REPUBLICAN. ARE YOU WITH...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:25:15

YES.

00:25:21
John McArdle

WE WILL GO TO MINNESOTA. THIS IS DOUGLAS, DEMOCRAT.

00:25:28

I NOTICED IN THE PORTRAIT OF MILLARD FILLMORE THAT THE PHOTOGRAPHER INSIGNIA WAS
BRADY, NEW YORK. I WAS WONDERING IF THAT IS THE SAME BRADY THAT THEY ALL THE
FAMOUS PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR? IT SOUNDED LIKE HIS TERM WAS PRIOR TO THE
CIVIL WAR, WHICH ALSO LEADS ME TO ASK ABOUT AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN PAINTER NAMED
H.O. TANNER. HENRY OSSOWA TANNER. HIS MIDDLE NAME RELATES TO A TOWN IN KANSAS,
KIND OF A SLEEPY LITTLE PLACE NOW, WHICH BILLS ITSELF AS THE CRADLE OF THE CIVIL
WAR. JON GRUDEN WAS THERE. KANSAS, OF COURSE, WAS A TERRITORY. MISSOURI WAS A
SLAVE STATE. MISSOURI WANTED KANSAS TO BE A SLAVE STATE ALSO HEARD THERE WAS A
BIT OF A CONFLICT THERE. FINALLY, IT JUST SO HAPPENS I MET -- THE SPOILER OF THE
GORE PRESIDENTIAL RUN -- ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:26:57
Barbara A. Perry

RALPH NADER.

00:27:01

YEAH. WALKING DOWN THE STREET IN CONNECTICUT, I MADE A U-TURN, SAID HI. HE
INVITED ME TO THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF COURT LAW IN WINSTED, CONNECTICUT, WHICH IS
WHERE HEATON NOW DOES A LOT OF WRITING. -- HE NOW DOES A LOT OF WRITING. IT WAS
A COINCIDENCE TO MEET HIM JUST WALKING DOWN THE STREET. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:27:29
John McArdle

YOU BRING UP A LOT OF TOPICS. BARBARA PERRY, WHICH ONE OR TWO DID YOU WANT TO
PICK UP ON?

00:27:39
Barbara A. Perry

THANK YOU FOR SHARING THAT ANECDOTE. I MET RALPH NADER IN THE 1970'S AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE NOT TOO LONG AGO, HE CALLED MY OFFICE AND SAID, I THINK
HE WANTED TO TALK ABOUT DOING AN ORAL HISTORY, BECAUSE THE MILLER CENTER HAS
BEEN DOING PRESIDENTIAL ORAL HISTORIES SINCE THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE WENT OUT OF
THAT BUSINESS. WE TOOK IT ON STARTING WITH GERALD FORD AND HIS ADMINISTRATION
AND WE CONDUCTED PRESIDENTIAL ORAL HISTORIES. WE ARE NONPARTISAN. A LOT OF
PEOPLE REACH OUT, SENATORS, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, OTHERS WE DID NOT PURSUE IT,
BUT IT WAS PLEASANT TO SPEAK WITH HIM. BUT HE WAS THE SPOILER IN 2000. WE THINK
GEORGE W. BUSH WON FLORIDA BY 300-400 VOTES, SO IT DENIED AL GORE THE
PRESIDENCY. I WANTED TO PICK UP ON ALSO WANT TO, KANSAS. I LOVE THAT NAME. IN
1910, TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS ALREADY THINKING HE WAS BREAKING WITH WILLIAM HOWARD
TAFT, WHO WENT ON TO BE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES, WHICH WAS REALLY THE
JOB HE WANTED. HE NEVER WANTED TO BE PRESIDENT. I ALSO LOVED HIM AS A FORMER
FELLOW OF THE SUPREME COURT WORKING FOR WILLIAM REHNQUIST. TAFT BUILT THE
CURRENT SUPREME COURT BUILDING, NOT BY HAND, BUT HE WAS CHIEF JUSTICE. IT IS THE
MOST BEAUTIFUL TEMPLE ON CAPITOL HILL, BUT TEDDY ROOSEVELT WHEN ALL THE WAY TO
KANSAS IN 1910 AND GAVE A SPEECH THAT WAS HIS JUMPING OFF POINT TO TRY TO GET
THE NOMINATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN 1912. IT IS A HIGHLY PROGRESSIVE
SPEECH. YOU CAN FIND IT ONLINE AND YOU WILL THINK, HE WAS THE AOC OF THE PARTY.
THE NAME OF HIS PARTY WAS OFFICIALLY THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY. THIS TOWN IN KANSAS
FIGURES VERY -- [NO AUDIO] [NO AUDIO] -- AND IN 2000, IT LOOKED LIKE WE WERE
HEADED FOR THE TIE IN BUSH V GORE. I STARTED GETTING EMAILS FROM MY STUDENT.
THEY WERE SAYING REMEMBER WHEN YOU TAUGHT US ABOUT THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE, HOW
DOES THAT WORK? I SAID, WE GO. IF THERE IS A TIME WHERE NO ONE GETS A MAJORITY
OF ELECTORAL VOTES, LET'S SAY JOE BIDEN RUNS AT THE TOP OF THE TICKET AND TRU MP
FORMS A MAGA PARTY AND RON DESANTIS GETS THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION AND THAT
SPLITS THE AMERICAN ELECTORATE SO MUCH THAT NONE OF THOSE GETS A MAJORITY, IT
THEN GOES, ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION, TO THE HOUSE. THEY MUST DETERMINE BY A
VOTE WHETHER ONE OF THESE WILL BECOME PRESIDENT, BUT HERE IS THE TRICK. IT IS
NOT DONE BY THE FRONT OF 35 MEMBERS. THEY VOTE AS DELEGATES FROM THEIR STATE.
EACH STATE GETS ONE VOTE. TYPICALLY, WHICHEVER PARTY WOULD INDEED BE THE
MAJORITY OF THE STATE DELEGATION WOULD PROBABLY WIN. MY THOUGHT IS WE KNOW THAT
THE REPUBLICANS HAVE TAKEN THE HOUSE. THEY CONTROL THE DELEGATIONS OF EACH OF
THE PARTICULAR STATES. IT IS LIKELY, UNLESS THOSE STATES WOULD SPLIT BETWEEN
DONALD TRUMP AND THE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE, IT IS MORE LIKELY THAT THEY WOULD COME
TOGETHER AS REPUBLICANS AND PROBABLY ELECT THE NOMINEE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:32:55
John McArdle

ANOTHER HYPOTHETICAL -- 25 STATE DELEGATIONS FOR ONE CANDIDATE AND 25 FOR
ANOTHER?

00:33:02
Barbara A. Perry

I THINK IT THEN GOES TO THE SENATE AND THEY VOTE AS INDIVIDUALS, BUT WE HAVE
NEVER HAD THAT HAPPEN. WE ARE IN UNPRECEDENTED TIMES.

00:33:16
John McArdle

THIS IS JAMES, INDEPENDENT, GEORGIA. THAT WAS CHANGED. THIS IS JANE IN ILLINOIS,
DEMOCRAT.

00:33:25

GOOD MORNING. MY HUSBAND AND I HAVE VISITED OVER 50 RESIDENTIAL SITES AND HOMES.
I HAVE TO BEING REMEMBER I THINK IT WAS ZACHARY TAYLOR, WHERE THEY HAD A TAILOR
SHOP. THAT WAS INTERESTING, BECAUSE YOU COULD HEAR THE SCISSORS. THEY ALSO -- I
ALSO HAVE A QUESTION. HOW MANY PRESIDENTS WERE FROM OHIO? THERE WERE QUITE A
FEW, AS I RECALL. MY SECOND QUESTION IS ISN'T AL GORE QUALIFIED TO BE PRESIDENT?
HE HAS TRIED TO SAVE THE PLANET AND I THINK HE COULD SAVE DEMOCRACY. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:34:15
Barbara A. Perry

GOOD QUESTIONS. I AM ADMIRING THAT YOU HAVE SEEN THE HOMES OF MOST RESIDENTS.
MAYBE I CAN DO THAT IN RETIREMENT, AND TO ALL THE PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES, WHICH
WOULD NOW START FROM THE HOOVER ADMINISTRATION ONWARD. THEY ARE ALSO BUILDING
ONE FOR TEDDY ROOSEVELT IN THE DAKOTAS, BUT ALL PRESIDENTS FROM HOOVER ONWARD
HAVE OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES. FDR WAS THE FIRST ONE. HEAT DEEDED OVER A
MAJOR PLOT OF LAND, WHICH WAS UPSETTING TO HIS MOTHER, BUT SHE FINALLY SIGNED
THE DEED. HE DEVELOPED THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY. I AM NOT SURE YOU WOULD
HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SEE A HOME OF ZACHARY TAYLOR IN LOUISVILLE, MAY BE IN ORANGE,
VIRGINIA, BECAUSE THE ONE IN LOUISVILLE IS PRIVATELY OWNED, BUT YOU CAN SEE
WHERE HE IS BURIED. AL GORE, YES, IS QUALIFIED BY VIRTUE OF THE CONSTITUTION TO
THE PRESIDENT BECAUSE HE DID NOT SERVE TWO TERMS AS PRESIDENT OR EVEN ONE. HE IS
GETTING A LITTLE OLD TO BE PRESIDENT, BUT NOT BY TODAY'S STANDARDS. HE IS IN HIS
70'S. AS OF YESTERDAY, WE HAVE OUR FIRST OCTOGENARIAN PRESIDENT. OHIO AND
VIRGINIA TIE FOR THE MOST PRESIDENTS. FOR REGINA, IT IS 7 OR 8. I THINK IT IS
THE SAME FOR OHIO. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:35:56
John McArdle

GOOGLE NOTE 8 -- NOTES 8 PRESIDENTS FROM OHIO. THEY ARE ALL LISTED ON THE
SECRETARY OF STATE'S WEBSITE.

00:36:15
Barbara A. Perry

ANDY JOHN KASICH AT SOME POINT WAS VYING FOR THE PRESIDENCY.

00:36:20

HELLO. THERE WAS A QUESTION ABOUT PRESIDENTIAL HISTORY. WASN'T PAT BUCHANAN
RUNNING AS AN INDEPENDENT IN 2000? DIDN'T HE TAKES VOTES FROM BUSH? THE GEORGE
ROGERS CLARK MEMORIAL IS IN INDIANA, NOT TOO FAR FROM YOU. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:36:49
Barbara A. Perry

THANK YOU FOR THAT. WE ARE NOT FAR FROM EACH OTHER. MY FIRST JOB WAS AS A DOCENT
HERE IN LOUISVILLE THE LAST HOME OF GEORGE ROGERS CLARK IN LOUISVILLE. HE HAD
LIVED ACROSS THE OHIO RIVER IN HIS EPONYMOUS HE NAMED CLARKSVILLE, INDIANA, BUT
HE HAD AN ACCIDENT WHEN HE WAS ELDERLY AND UNMARRIED AND HAD TO COME OVER WITH
HIS SISTER IN LOUISVILLE. HE IS BURIED HERE, ALONG WITH MUHAMMAD ALI AND COLONEL
SANDERS. PEPE CANNON IN FLORIDA, YOU ARE RIGHT. HE WAS RUNNING AS AN INDEPENDENT
AND A VERY RIGHT WING CANDIDATE WHO COULD NOT GET THE NOMINATION OF HIS PARTY.
HE TRIED IN 1992 AGAINST GEORGE W. BUSH. HE DAMAGED BUSH IN THE PRIMARIES AND IN
PART LED TO HIS DEFEAT FOR A SECOND TERM,, ALTHOUGH A LOT OF THAT IS BECAUSE OF
ROSS PEROT, WHO GOT 19% OF THE POPULAR VOTE IN 1992. PAT BUCHANAN, YOU MIGHT
RECALL THE INFAMOUS BUTTERFLY BALLOT IN FLORIDA, PARTICULARLY IN THE PALM BEACH
AREA. YOU MIGHT REMEMBER THE CONCEPT OF THE HANGING CHAD, WHEN PEOPLE WOULD
PUNCH ON THIS BUTTERFLY BALLOT, WHICH WAS ALREADY CONFUSING, BECAUSE IT WAS HARD
TO SEE WHICH CANDIDATE YOU ARE PUNCHING FOR. WHEN PEOPLE WOULD PUNCH ON THE
WHOLE, IT WOULD NOT NECESSARILY BREAK THE CHAD OUT AND SOMETIMES, IT WOULD JUST
BE DIMPLED OR HANGING BY A THREAD. YOU MIGHT RECALL THE JUDGES IN FLORIDA,
JUDGES OF THE ELECTION, HOLDING THOSE PUNCH UP TO THE LIGHT TO SEE IF THERE WAS
AN ACTUAL VOTE. I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO GO TO THE FIRST OF THE TWO ORAL ARGUMENTS
OF THE BUSH V GORE. I ENDED UP SITTING NEXT TO THE COUNTY JUDGE OF PALM BEACH
COUNTY. HE HAD BEEN ON TV ATTEMPTING TO COUNT THE PREGNANT AND HANGING CHECKS.
HE HAD NEVER BEEN TO THE U.S. SUPREME COURT, SO I HAD A GOOD TIME TELLING THEM
ABOUT THE SYMBOLISM IN THE COURTROOM. EVERYBODY WHO IS ANYBODY WAS THERE THAT
DAY. I REMEMBER TED KENNEDY COMING. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:39:20
John McArdle

THERE IS THAT FAMOUS PICTURE WITH THE BIG MAGNIFYING GLASS.

00:39:26
Barbara A. Perry

THAT IS THE SAME MAN I GOT NEXT TO AT THE SUPREME COURT.

00:39:31
John McArdle

RUNNING SHORT ON TIME. ANOTHER SEGMENT WE DO NOT TALK TO OBAMA ABOUT ON C-SPAN
BUT WOULD LIKE YOU TO -- DO NOT TALK MUCH ABOUT ON C-SPAN, DON WOULD LIKE YOU TO
TALK ABOUT WILLIAM MCKINLEY. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:39:51
Barbara A. Perry

THE EXPERT ON THAT IS A FORMER EDITOR OF MINE WHO TAUGHT FOR MANY YEARS AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, LEWIS GOULD. KEEP IT AS AN EXPERT ON THE HISTORY OF THE
EARLY 20TH CENTURY. -- KEEP IS AN EXPERT ON THE HISTORY OF THE EARLY 20TH
CENTURY AND HAS BOOKS ON MCKINLEY AND OTHER PRESIDENTS OF THE ERA. I KNOW THAT
MCKINLEY HAD A WIFE WHO WAS QUITE ILL AND HE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN VERY KIND TO
HER. PERSONALLY, HE IS CONSIDERED OF HIGH MORAL CHARACTER. PROFESSIONALLY, THERE
ARE PEOPLE WHO OBJECT TO THE IMPERIALISM OF THE U.S. AND THAT FOREIGN POLICY AT
THE TIME. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR OCCURRED AT THAT TIME AND WE ARE TAKING OVER
PLACES LIKE THE PHILIPPINES AND HAWAII AND SPREADING AS AN EMPIRE IN THE
POST-CIVIL WAR PERIOD. AND WE ARE STILL THE MOST POWERFUL NATION IN THE WORLD.
MCKINLEY, UNFORTUNATELY, ENDED HIS SECOND TERM AS PRESIDENT BY BEING
ASSASSINATED. THAT HAS BEEN ALL TOO COMMON. ...

Show Full Text Show Less Text 00:41:09
John McArdle

LEARN MORE ABOUT PRESIDENTIAL HISTORY AT MILLERCENTER DOT ORG. BARBARA PERRY'S
DIRECTOR OF PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES THERE. THANKS FOR YOUR TIME.

00:41:22
Barbara A. Perry

THANKS. HAPPY THANKSGIVING TO EVERYONE.

00:41:25
John McArdle

THAT WILL DO IT FOR OUR PROGRAM THIS MORNING. WE WILL BE BACK HERE AT 7:00 A.M.
EASTERN. IN THE MEANTIME HAVE A GREAT MONDAY. (music)

*This text was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.

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improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All
information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you
do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and
will not be able to monitor its performance.

Cookies Details‎

FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

Functional Cookies

These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some
or all of these services may not function properly.

Cookies Details‎

STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always Active

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block
or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.

Cookies Details‎

TARGETING COOKIES

Targeting Cookies

These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal
information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet
device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted
advertising.

Cookies Details‎

STORE AND/OR ACCESS INFORMATION ON A DEVICE 701 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Store and/or access information on a device

Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers,
randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other
information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported
technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each
time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes
presented here.

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PERSONALISED ADVERTISING AND CONTENT, ADVERTISING AND CONTENT MEASUREMENT,
AUDIENCE RESEARCH AND SERVICES DEVELOPMENT 830 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement,
audience research and services development

* USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT ADVERTISING 642 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

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Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data,
such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your
device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for
example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).

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* CREATE PROFILES FOR PERSONALISED ADVERTISING 516 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS
PURPOSE

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Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit,
content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about
you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and
other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or
improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and
personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present
advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by
this and other entities.

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* USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED ADVERTISING 510 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS
PURPOSE

Switch Label

Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising
profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites
or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests
and personal aspects.

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* CREATE PROFILES TO PERSONALISE CONTENT 229 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you
submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with
other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service
or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or
improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible
interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to
present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests,
such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is
even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.

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* USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED CONTENT 203 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content
personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other
services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible
interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the
order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to
find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.

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* MEASURE ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE 749 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you
interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for
you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For
instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led
you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to
understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.

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* MEASURE CONTENT PERFORMANCE 372 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact
with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g.
reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance,
whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a
product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you
visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of
(non-advertising) content that is shown to you.

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Object to Legitimate Interests Remove Objection

* UNDERSTAND AUDIENCES THROUGH STATISTICS OR COMBINATIONS OF DATA FROM
DIFFERENT SOURCES 468 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user
profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your
interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising)
content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which
target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain
contents).

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Object to Legitimate Interests Remove Objection

* DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SERVICES 561 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction
with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and
to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of
audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or
improvement of user profiles and identifiers.

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Object to Legitimate Interests Remove Objection

* USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT CONTENT 136 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Switch Label

Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such
as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device
type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example,
to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).

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Object to Legitimate Interests Remove Objection

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USE PRECISE GEOLOCATION DATA 265 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL FEATURE

Use precise geolocation data

With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500
metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

ACTIVELY SCAN DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS FOR IDENTIFICATION 133 PARTNERS CAN USE
THIS SPECIAL FEATURE

Actively scan device characteristics for identification

With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be
requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed
fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes
explained in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS 533 PARTNERS CAN USE
THIS SPECIAL PURPOSE

Always Active

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent
activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct
any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery
of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

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DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT 537 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL
PURPOSE

Always Active

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to
ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to
facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

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MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES 372 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with
other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for
instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card
in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in
this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES 336 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be
considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your
household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both
your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet
connection on both devices).

List of IAB Vendors‎

IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY 508 PARTNERS CAN
USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of
your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the
purposes exposed in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

SAVE AND COMMUNICATE PRIVACY CHOICES 341 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL PURPOSE

Always Active

The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice
are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals
(such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this
service and those entities to respect such choices.

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